oleic acid
Enable an AI agent to recognise oleic acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine its suitability for a specified use.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to recognise oleic acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine its suitability for a specified use.
Oleic acid is the cis monounsaturated C18 fatty acid (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid, with molecular formula C18H34O2, occurring widely as esterified oleoyl groups in natural fats and oils.
It can be Match a supplier lot to oleic acid using structural identifiers and analytical evidence.; Compare a sample's assay, isomer profile and contaminants with an intended-use specification.; Select sampling and transfer conditions from observed phase, temperature and viscosity.; Assess whether storage history and oxidation measurements justify use, retesting or quarantine.; Determine eligibility as a feedstock for a specified neutralisation, esterification or other transformation.; Retrieve applicable handling and regulatory constraints for the material, jurisdiction and operation..
Distinguishing features
Confirm an 18-carbon monocarboxylic acid with one double bond at carbon 9 and Z geometry; a formula or generic fatty-acid label alone is insufficient. Identity reference: [PubChem CID 445639](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/445639).
Require evidence of cis geometry to distinguish oleic acid from its trans counterpart, elaidic acid.
Require evidence of double-bond position to distinguish oleic acid from other cis-octadecenoic acids.
Determine whether the carboxyl group is present as the free acid, an oleate salt or an ester before assigning the sample to this substance.
Separate the identity of oleic acid from a commercial material's composition; the product name alone does not establish a pure substance.
Scope
+ The free fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10.
+ Identity evidence distinguishing oleic acid from geometric and positional isomers.
+ Sample purity, fatty-acid composition, contaminants and declared grade.
+ Physical properties and phase behaviour under recorded conditions.
+ Oxidative condition, storage history and suitability for intended handling or use.
+ Substance identifiers and applicable, evidenced hazard and regulatory records.
- Oleate salts and their counterion-dependent properties.
- Oleic-acid esters, including methyl oleate and triglycerides containing oleoyl groups.
- Oils, foods, cosmetics and other formulations containing oleic acid as one constituent.
- Manufacturing plants and complete extraction, refining or synthesis processes.
- Whole-organism metabolism, dietary outcomes and clinical treatment decisions.
Characteristics
- Molecular identity
- (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid; C18H34O2 Fixes carbon count, unsaturation position and stereochemistry rather than recognising every C18:1 fatty acid as oleic acid.
- External substance identifiers
- CAS 112-80-1; PubChem CID 445639; EC identifier with verified authority record Connects identity evidence across catalogues while requiring identifier-to-structure agreement. References: [NIST Chemistry WebBook](https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C112801) and [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/445639).
- Oleic-acid assay
- Mass fraction in % or g/kg, with analytical method and reporting basis Distinguishes actual sample content from chromatographic area percentage or percentage of total fatty acids.
- Related fatty-acid and isomer profile
- Individual constituent fractions; method, detection limits and separation capability Makes dilution by other fatty acids and unresolved trans or positional isomers visible.
- Free-acid, salt and ester distribution
- Fractions with explicit mass or molar basis and analytical method Prevents total oleoyl content after hydrolysis from being mistaken for free oleic acid.
- Grade and lot qualification
- Supplier-declared grade, governing specification, lot identifier and conformity status Makes suitability depend on documented acceptance criteria rather than a marketing label.
- Phase and thermal transitions
- Liquid, solid or mixed phase; temperature in °C; pressure in kPa; transition method and thermal history Supports transfer and sampling decisions and avoids treating crystallisation as proof of contamination.
- Density and viscosity
- Density in kg/m³; dynamic viscosity in mPa·s; measurement temperature and sample composition Supports mass-volume conversion, pumping and dispensing under the actual operating conditions.
- Melting and boiling evidence
- Temperature in °C with pressure, purity, method and any decomposition qualification Prevents a reduced-pressure boiling result or a mixture's melting range from becoming an unconditional substance constant.
- Oxidative condition
- Peroxide value in meq active oxygen/kg plus specified secondary-oxidation measurements and sampling dates Supports assessment of degradation without treating a single oxidation indicator as conclusive.
- Acid value
- mg KOH/g with titration method Measures titratable acidity but cannot independently prove oleic-acid identity or purity.
- Hazard and exposure record
- Applicable SDS, jurisdiction, revision date, classification, exposure-limit source and exposure form Ties handling decisions to the actual material and operation, including heating or mist generation.
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.oleic-acid
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 17 findings · 27 questions.
Oleic-acid identity Establish which molecular species the registry entry denotes and whether a sample supports that assignment.
Chain length and formula do not resolve the geometric, positional and chemical-form distinctions that control recognition.
Chain and double bond
Record carbon count, double-bond count, position and geometry.
Cis-9 identity
Represent oleic acid as (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid and retain the evidence supporting sample identification. Reference: [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/445639).
- What evidence establishes the C18 chain, carbon-9 double bond and Z geometry in this material? definition
- Does the identification method resolve elaidic acid and positional C18:1 isomers, or merely report a combined peak? measurement
Free-acid boundary
Separate the free substance from salts, esters and constituent mentions.
Chemical-form assignment
Require the represented chemical form and sample context to accompany identity labels.
- Is the material free oleic acid, an oleate salt, an ester or a mixture containing one of these? boundary
- Does an analytical preparation hydrolyse or derivatise the sample, obscuring its original chemical form? provenance
Composition and grade Describe what a supplied oleic-acid lot contains and which quality claims its evidence supports.
A commercial name cannot substitute for an assay, impurity profile or intended-use specification.
Assay and related components
Capture oleic-acid content alongside other fatty acids and non-fatty-acid constituents.
Assay basis and coverage
Interpret purity only with its denominator, analytical coverage and uncertainty.
- Is the reported oleic-acid percentage a sample mass fraction, chromatographic area percentage or fraction of total fatty acids? measurement
- Which other fatty acids, water, residual solvents or additional contaminants were measured, and which remain unmeasured? measurement
Lot and specification
Connect a physical sample to its supplier, origin and acceptance criteria.
Evidenced grade
Treat grade as a documented claim whose criteria and conformity must be inspectable.
- Which certificate of analysis and specification apply to this lot, and are the results measured or typical values? provenance
- Which purity, impurity and origin requirements must this lot meet for the proposed use? action
Phase and material behaviour Relate observable physical state and measured properties to composition and operating conditions.
Sampling, dispensing and thermal processing require conditional property evidence rather than isolated handbook numbers.
Thermal state
Track phase, transitions and the conditions under which thermal values were obtained.
Conditioned phase evidence
Keep observed phase distinct from a reference transition temperature and retain pressure and thermal history.
- What phase or phase mixture is observed at the recorded temperature, and what heating or cooling history preceded it? measurement
- For each melting or boiling value, what purity, pressure and method apply, and was decomposition assessed? provenance
Flow and medium
Record properties needed for transfer and interaction with a specified solvent or formulation medium.
Operation-specific properties
Attach density, viscosity and solubility or dispersion observations to the tested conditions and chemical form.
- What density and viscosity apply at the intended transfer temperature for this lot? measurement
- In the intended medium, is the material dissolved, dispersed or partly converted to oleate, and under what pH and temperature? boundary
Oxidation and storage condition Track evidence of deterioration and the exposure history needed to interpret it.
An unchanged substance label does not establish that a stored sample retains acceptable chemical quality.
Degradation evidence
Assess oxidative condition through dated measurements and complementary observations.
Oxidation assessment
Require a justified set of oxidation indicators and acceptance limits rather than inferring freshness from one result.
- What peroxide and secondary-oxidation results are available, using which methods and sampling dates? measurement
- Which evidence and limits distinguish an acceptable lot from one requiring retesting, quarantine or rejection? action
Container and exposure history
Link sample condition to container integrity and recorded storage exposures.
Storage-history confidence
Record opening dates, temperature excursions, light and air exposure, and any specified protective storage measures.
- What is known about container opening, headspace management, light exposure and temperature excursions? provenance
- Do the recorded conditions support the supplier's retest interval, or does missing or adverse history require new testing? action
Use and regulatory eligibility Determine what may be done with this oleic-acid material using operation-specific and jurisdiction-specific evidence.
Identity alone does not establish handling controls, lawful use or fitness as a reaction feedstock.
Hazard and regulatory identity
Connect authoritative identifiers, material-specific safety documents and applicable requirements.
Applicable safety record
Record the actual classification and exposure requirements with their jurisdiction, date and material scope; leave unverified classifications unresolved.
- Which verified EC record and current SDS apply to this exact substance or commercial composition, and what classification do they state? provenance
- For the proposed handling conditions, including any heating or mist generation, what sourced exposure limits and controls apply? action
Intended-use fit
Evaluate the lot against a defined application or chemical transformation.
Feedstock and application decision
Use composition, chemical condition and documented requirements to decide suitability, while assigning resulting salts or esters to their own identities.
- Which measured properties and documented restrictions determine whether this lot is acceptable for the specified application? action
- If neutralisation or esterification is intended, what conversion evidence establishes when the output must be represented as a different substance? boundary
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.
- Check grade-specific purity, fatty-acid composition and physical-property measurement conditions before using numerical values.
- Verify current jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications, exposure limits and application-specific regulatory requirements; none are asserted here.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Technical-grade oleic acid
- Purified reagent-grade oleic acid
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 112-80-1 - Identifies oleic acid; commercial grades may contain other fatty acids.
- PubChem CID - 445639 - Compound identifier for oleic acid.
- EC number - 204-007-1 - European chemical substance inventory identifier.
- Fatty-acid shorthand - 18:1 cis-9; 18:1 n-9 - An 18-carbon fatty acid with one cis double bond at carbon 9; belongs to the omega-9 family.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Feedstock for oleate salts and esters used in soaps, surfactants and lubricants.
- Ingredient in cosmetic and topical formulations.
- Surface ligand for stabilizing and modifying nanoparticles.
- Collector in mineral flotation.
- Experimental fatty-acid substrate in biochemical and cell-culture research.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass - 282.46 - g/mol
- Melting point of relatively pure material - Approximately 13-14 - °C
- Density near 25 °C - Approximately 0.89 - g/cm³
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Exposure to oxygen can produce lipid oxidation products, changing odor, composition and performance; heat and light can accelerate deterioration.
- Cooling near or below the melting range can cause crystallization and interfere with pumping or formulation uniformity.
- Commercial mixtures of fatty acids can have different melting behavior and reactivity from purified oleic acid.
- Combustible when sufficiently heated.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Elaidic acid - The trans geometric isomer at the same carbon-9 double bond; oleic acid has cis geometry.
- Stearic acid - An 18-carbon saturated fatty acid with no carbon-carbon double bond.
- Linoleic acid - An 18-carbon fatty acid with two cis double bonds, conventionally at carbons 9 and 12.
- Oleate - The carboxylate conjugate base of oleic acid; salts contain this anion, while oleate esters contain an esterified oleoyl group.
- Triolein - A triacylglycerol containing three oleoyl groups esterified to glycerol, rather than free oleic acid.
- Olive oil - A mixture dominated by triacylglycerols, many containing oleoyl groups, rather than the isolated chemical substance.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of oleic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Which authoritative EC identity record and jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications should anchor the model, and how should differing commercial-mixture SDS records be represented?
- Which reference melting ranges, boiling values, densities and viscosities are sufficiently documented by purity, pressure and method to adopt as comparison values?
- Which analytical methods adequately distinguish cis-9 oleic acid from trans and positional isomers while preserving evidence of the sample's original free-acid, salt or ester form?
- Which grade specifications, contaminant limits and origin requirements govern the intended applications, and how should supplier-specific grades map to them?
- Which oxidation measurements, acceptance thresholds and storage or retest conditions are justified for each intended use, including whether any substance-specific or broader aerosol exposure limits apply?