{ "model": { "rank": 6739, "code": "thing-q207714", "model_id": "vr.tr.transcription-q207714", "name": "transcription", "purpose": "Let an agent handle transcription by type, standard, accuracy and use, help people transcribe speech and names consistently, and separate biological and other senses.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q207714/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "orthographic transcription", "anglicisation of name", "BS 4812:1972", "cyrillization of Malagasy", "transcription of Japanese", "transcription of Ancient Egyptian Names", "cyrillization of English", "cyrillization of Chinese into Russian", "cyrillization of Cantonese", "GB/T 17693.4-2009", "romanization of North Korean", "audio transcription", "different transcription of the same person's name", "romanization of Modern Greek", "English Romanization of Japanese", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romanization", "Road Sign-style Hepburn Romanization", "voice writing", "phonemic transcription", "phonetic transcription", "Transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages", "transcription into Japanese", "tone number", "transcription of Italian into Japanese", "transcription of Ukrainian into Japanese", "transcription of Catalan into Japanese", "transcription of Spanish into Japanese" ], "aliasCount": 27, "merged": 27, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.transcription-process", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q207714", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:47:58Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q207714", "registryId": "vr.tr.transcription-q207714", "name": "transcription", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q207714/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.transcription-q207714", "name": "transcription", "purpose": "Let an agent handle transcription by type, standard, accuracy and use, help people transcribe speech and names consistently, and separate biological and other senses.", "definition": "The representation of speech or text in written form, either in the same script, as in orthographic or phonetic transcription of speech, or by rendering words from one writing system into another according to pronunciation, as in the transcription of Japanese or Ancient Egyptian names; it differs from transliteration, which maps characters, and from biological transcription of DNA.", "what_it_is_for": "Recording speech, converting names between scripts and research.", "affordances": [ "choose a transcription or romanisation standard", "transcribe speech accurately", "distinguish transcription and transliteration", "separate biological and legal senses" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Represents speech or pronunciation", "Follows standards or conventions", "Can be broad or narrow", "Many script pairs" ], "appearance": "Written text, phonetic symbols or romanised names derived from speech or other scripts.", "visual_identification": [ "IPA or orthographic transcripts", "Romanised names from other scripts", "Transliteration maps letters rather than sounds" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "orthographic transcription of speech", "phonetic and phonemic transcription", "romanisation and cyrillisation systems", "transcription of historical names", "verbatim legal and medical transcripts" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "writing", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "transliteration", "why": "related process" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "International Phonetic Alphabet", "why": "notation" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "transcription (biology)", "why": "another sense" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO and national romanisation standards", "UN recommendations on romanisation of geographical names", "Court transcript rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Inconsistent spellings of names", "Errors in automated transcripts", "Privacy of recorded speech" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "type", "name": "Type", "description": "Which transcription.", "rationale": "Types differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "speech", "name": "Speech", "description": "Transcribing speech.", "findings": [ { "id": "speech-finding", "name": "Speech", "description": "Speech transcription.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is an orthographic, phonemic or phonetic transcription needed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How detailed should it be?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scripts", "name": "Scripts", "description": "Between scripts.", "findings": [ { "id": "scripts-finding", "name": "Scripts", "description": "Between scripts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which romanisation or transcription system applies to this language pair?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is transliteration more suitable?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "accuracy", "name": "Accuracy", "description": "Quality.", "rationale": "Accuracy matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "check", "name": "Check", "description": "Verifying.", "findings": [ { "id": "check-finding", "name": "Check", "description": "Checking transcripts.", "questions": [ { "text": "How accurate is this transcript, and how was it checked?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Were automated tools used?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names", "description": "Personal and place names.", "findings": [ { "id": "names-finding", "name": "Names", "description": "Names.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the person or place officially spell the name in this script?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which standard do official bodies use?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Applications.", "rationale": "Uses need care.", "layers": [ { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Interviews and corpora.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research transcription.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which conventions suit research interviews or corpora?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is consent handled for recordings?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal", "name": "Legal", "description": "Court and medical records.", "findings": [ { "id": "legal-finding", "name": "Legal", "description": "Legal and medical transcripts.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rules apply to court or medical transcripts?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who may access them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "senses", "name": "Senses", "description": "Disambiguation.", "rationale": "Transcription has other senses.", "layers": [ { "id": "biology", "name": "Biology", "description": "DNA to RNA.", "findings": [ { "id": "biology-finding", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biological sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is transcription of DNA into RNA meant?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "music", "name": "Music", "description": "Musical transcription.", "findings": [ { "id": "music-finding", "name": "Music", "description": "Musical sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is transcribing music by ear or arranging for another instrument meant?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each romanisation system be a separate entry?", "How should standards be linked?", "How should the biological sense be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a transcription, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle transcription by type, standard, accuracy and use, help people transcribe speech and names consistently, and separate biological and other senses.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: orthographic transcription, anglicisation of name, BS 4812:1972, cyrillization of Malagasy, transcription of Japanese, transcription of Ancient Egyptian Names, cyrillization of English, cyrillization of Chinese into Russian, cyrillization of Cantonese, GB/T 17693.4-2009, romanization of North Korean, audio transcription.", "27 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a transcription, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "orthographic transcription", "anglicisation of name", "BS 4812:1972", "cyrillization of Malagasy", "transcription of Japanese", "transcription of Ancient Egyptian Names", "cyrillization of English", "cyrillization of Chinese into Russian", "cyrillization of Cantonese", "GB/T 17693.4-2009", "romanization of North Korean", "audio transcription" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 27 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one transcription from another, and a transcription from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a transcription sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a transcription from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a transcription passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a transcription between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a transcription, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a transcription is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a transcription proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a transcription, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a transcription and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a transcription consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a transcription takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What transcription is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of transcription are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is transcription operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of transcription and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of transcription?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as transcription?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a transcription came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a transcription and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a transcription is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a transcription, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a transcription, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a transcription is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }