{ "model": { "rank": 6284, "code": "thing-q208045", "model_id": "vr.tr.gold-q208045", "name": "gold", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise gold as a colour quality, assess whether an observed or proposed appearance meets its intended gold reference, and choose justified matching or reproduction actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q208045/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Vegas gold" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.gold-attribute", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q208045", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208045", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:36:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.05215414, "turns": 3, "seconds": 173.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c13-34ac-7d02-bebd-df41ca246c31\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: gold\nRegistry id: vr.tr.gold-q208045\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q208045", "registryId": "vr.tr.gold-q208045", "name": "gold", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q208045/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.gold-q208045", "name": "gold", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise gold as a colour quality, assess whether an observed or proposed appearance meets its intended gold reference, and choose justified matching or reproduction actions.", "definition": "Gold is the monoisotopic chemical element Au (atomic number 79), a dense, highly ductile group-11 noble metal that occurs native and in tellurides and is specified, hallmarked, and priced by millesimal mass fraction of elemental gold rather than by colour or alloy family.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identification, specification, observation and reproduction requirements of gold colour for vr.tr.gold-q208045 in XCT / XCT.QLT; the identifier denotes a colour resembling the metal, as recorded by [Wikidata Q208045](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208045).", "in_scope": [ "Gold as a named colour quality attached to a surface, image region or design specification.", "The reference, naming convention and context that establish what counts as gold for a particular task.", "Measured or encoded colour and the conditions needed to interpret it.", "Whether the intended gold appearance includes metallic reflection, sparkle or directional variation.", "Acceptance of gold colour matches and permitted substitutions across media." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Gold as a chemical element, mineral, alloy or commodity.", "Purity, karat rating, authenticity and valuation of gold-bearing objects.", "Manufacture, composition and safety of pigments, coatings, foils and plating.", "The geometry, ownership and function of objects carrying gold colour.", "Award ranks, heraldic rules and cultural symbolism associated with gold." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Test whether 'gold' describes an appearance or a material claim; a colour observation alone does not establish gold content.", "Compare the candidate with the task's gold reference and nearby yellow, ochre, orange and brown references under the same conditions; record ambiguous membership rather than impose an unsupported universal boundary.", "Determine whether acceptance depends on a flat colour match or also on changing highlights and reflections when the surface or viewpoint moves.", "Check whether 'gold' names a particular palette entry or a broader appearance family before treating two identically labelled samples as equivalent.", "Separate a surface intended to be gold from a surface that merely appears golden under coloured illumination by checking additional lighting or capture evidence." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Gold designation basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "named palette entry | physical reference | contextual colour judgement | unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether recognition depends on an exact specification or an interpreted colour family." }, { "name": "Gold reference", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to an identified swatch, palette entry, approved sample or appearance specification, with version", "why_it_matters": "Gives matching decisions an explicit target instead of assuming every use of 'gold' means the same appearance." }, { "name": "Colour coordinates", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Coordinates with named colour space, encoding and applicable profile or reference white", "why_it_matters": "Supports reproducible comparison of the colour component of a gold appearance." }, { "name": "Gold appearance requirement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "flat colour sufficient | metallic appearance required | sparkle required | combined requirements | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents approval of a flat swatch when the task requires a reflective gold effect." }, { "name": "Angular appearance variation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Colour or luminance observations indexed by illumination and viewing angles in degrees", "why_it_matters": "Records whether a proposed metallic gold remains acceptable across relevant viewpoints." }, { "name": "Observation conditions", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked illuminant, viewing geometry, surround, instrument or image capture record", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to distinguish a gold mismatch from a change in how the sample was observed." }, { "name": "Difference from approved gold", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named colour-difference metric and value, with comparison conditions and separately assessed appearance effects", "why_it_matters": "Supports task-specific acceptance without treating one numerical colour difference as a complete metallic appearance judgement." }, { "name": "Gold match status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | accepted for stated conditions | rejected | ambiguous | additional observation required", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an agent may reuse, substitute or request further evaluation of the candidate." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate as gold, outside the selected gold definition or ambiguous, with the reference and conditions recorded.", "Compare a candidate with an approved gold target and identify whether disagreement concerns colour, reflective appearance or both.", "Request additional lighting, angle or calibrated capture observations when a single image cannot settle the match.", "Specify a gold appearance for a target medium using an explicit reference and any required reflective effects.", "Approve or reject a proposed gold substitute within recorded tolerances and decision authority.", "Detect a change from an earlier accepted gold appearance without inferring its physical cause from colour alone." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-gold", "title": "Gold", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold", "what_it_supports": "Elemental identity, native occurrence and tellurides, acid test, cyanide and mercury behaviour, density match with tungsten, jewellery/investment/industry split of use, and post-1971 end of the gold standard.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "pubchem-gold", "title": "Gold | Au | CID 23985", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Gold", "what_it_supports": "CAS 7440-57-5, PubChem CID 23985, Wikidata Q897, NCI Thesaurus C2392, InChIKey, and uses in jewellery, plating, currency, and dental restoration.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q897", "title": "gold (Q897)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897", "what_it_supports": "Wikidata item Q897, CAS, ChemSpider 22421, InChIKey, 2022 Harmonized System code 710812, and the working description as element Au, Z = 79.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ciaaw-gold", "title": "Atomic Weight of Gold", "url": "https://ciaaw.org/gold.htm", "what_it_supports": "CIAAW/IUPAC standard atomic weight Ar(Au) = 196.966570(4) from the single isotope 197Au, revised 2017.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "lbma-purity", "title": "Purity of Gold", "url": "https://www.lbma.org.uk/wonders-of-gold/items/purity-of-gold", "what_it_supports": "How purity is stated as percentage, millesimal fineness, or carat/karat; UK Hallmarking Act 1973 millesimal marks; fire assay as the historic referee method.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "lbma-gdl-specs", "title": "Technical Specifications (Good Delivery Rules)", "url": "https://www.lbma.org.uk/publications/good-delivery-rules/technical-specifications", "what_it_supports": "London Good Delivery gold bar: 350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum 995.0‰, required marks (serial, refiner stamp, fineness, date).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "lbma-gdl-about", "title": "About Good Delivery", "url": "https://www.lbma.org.uk/good-delivery/about-good-delivery", "what_it_supports": "LBMA as the body that sets wholesale bar standards and requires Responsible Gold Guidance of listed refiners.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wgc-jewellery", "title": "Gold Jewellery: Colour, Carat & Purity", "url": "https://www.gold.org/about-gold/about-gold-jewellery", "what_it_supports": "Caratage versus millesimal fineness, troy ounce mass, US 10-karat legal minimum versus 14-karat popularity, and typical yellow/white alloy recipes.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iso-9202", "title": "ISO 9202: Jewellery and precious metals - Fineness of precious metal alloys", "url": "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui?_escaped_fragment_=iso:std:iso:9202:ed-4:v1:en", "what_it_supports": "ISO/TC 174 recommended jewellery finenesses for gold (including 375, 417, 585, 750, 916, 990, 999‰; 995‰ added in the 2026 edition) with no minus tolerance.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "iso-19376-1", "title": "ISO/DIS 19376-1, Jewellery and precious metals - Vocabulary - Part 1: Precious metals and units", "url": "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en?_escaped_fragment_=iso:std:85814:en", "what_it_supports": "ISO vocabulary: fine gold minimum 995‰, very high purity gold ≥999.99‰, troy ounce = 31.1034768 g, karat as parts in 24, and hallmarking as a national legal control system.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "vienna-hallmarking-1972", "title": "Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals (Vienna, 15 November 1972)", "url": "https://hallmarkingconvention.org/users_uploads/editor/source/PMC%20W%2002%202000%20(Rev%203)%20Amended%20Annexes%20English%20%26%20French.pdf", "what_it_supports": "International hallmarking convention: gold as a precious metal, millesimal fineness, assay-office control, and the Common Control Mark (balance in a shield).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "bullionvault-properties", "title": "Chemical properties of Gold Bullion guide", "url": "https://www.bullionvault.com/gold-guide/gold-properties", "what_it_supports": "Density 19 300 kg/m³, melting point 1064.18 °C, Miller chlorination to ~99.5% and Wohlwill electrolysis to 99.99%, and Good Delivery minimum 99.5%.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "et-bis-hallmark", "title": "How to check purity of gold jewellery? Three signs to check for hallmarking", "url": "https://m.economictimes.com/wealth/spend/how-to-check-purity-of-gold-jewellery-three-signs-to-check-for-hallmarking/articleshow/109918271.cms", "what_it_supports": "India BIS hallmarking: 14K585-24K permitted grades, 22K916 as the dominant jewellery mark, and unique HUID verification.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "gold-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Gold identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish which colour meaning of gold applies and how a candidate is distinguished from neighbouring colours and material claims.", "rationale": "An agent must resolve what 'gold' means before interpreting measurements or choosing an appearance.", "layers": [ { "id": "gold-designation", "name": "Gold designation", "description": "Identify the naming authority and intended breadth of the gold designation.", "findings": [ { "id": "operative-gold-reference", "name": "Operative gold reference", "description": "Record the reference that governs this use of gold and whether it specifies one colour or a permitted family.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does gold mean a named palette entry, an approved physical sample or a contextual colour family in this task?", "kind": "definition", "id": "operative-gold-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Who supplied the gold designation, and which reference or version supports it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operative-gold-reference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-colours-and-materials", "name": "Neighbouring colours and materials", "description": "Keep gold colour membership distinct from adjacent colour labels and claims about substance.", "findings": [ { "id": "gold-membership-test", "name": "Gold membership test", "description": "Record the comparison that justifies the gold label and any separate material assertion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference comparison separates this candidate from yellow, ochre, orange, brown or another locally relevant neighbour?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "gold-membership-test-q01" }, { "text": "Is 'gold' being asserted only of appearance, or is there a separate composition claim that must be routed to a material model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "gold-membership-test-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "gold-colour-target-and-observation", "name": "Gold colour target and observation", "description": "Make the intended gold colour and evidence of its observed appearance comparable.", "rationale": "A colour name or an unqualified image cannot establish whether a specific gold target has been met.", "layers": [ { "id": "specified-gold-colour", "name": "Specified gold colour", "description": "Resolve the reference into an interpretable colour specification without inventing a universal gold coordinate.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-gold-values", "name": "Interpretable gold values", "description": "Record colour values with the information required to interpret their intended gold appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What coordinates or measured reference describe the intended gold, and in which colour space and profile?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-gold-values-q01" }, { "text": "Were these values supplied by the reference owner, measured from a swatch or estimated from an image?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interpretable-gold-values-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "observed-gold-colour", "name": "Observed gold colour", "description": "Bind observations to the conditions under which the candidate appeared gold.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-validity", "name": "Observation validity", "description": "Assess whether the evidence supports comparison with the gold target or requires another observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under which illumination, surround and viewing geometry was the candidate assessed against the gold reference?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observation-validity-q01" }, { "text": "Could coloured lighting, white balance, clipping or reflected surroundings account for the golden appearance, and what additional observation would resolve that?", "kind": "action", "id": "observation-validity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "metallic-gold-appearance", "name": "Metallic gold appearance", "description": "Represent reflective effects when they form part of the required gold appearance.", "rationale": "A gold colour target may require more than a flat colour match; the model must make that requirement explicit.", "layers": [ { "id": "gold-effect-requirement", "name": "Gold effect requirement", "description": "Determine which visible effects are necessary for this use of gold.", "findings": [ { "id": "required-gold-cues", "name": "Required gold cues", "description": "Separate the required gold colour from optional or mandatory metallic, glossy and sparkling effects.", "questions": [ { "text": "Would a uniform matte sample matching the target colour satisfy the gold requirement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "required-gold-cues-q01" }, { "text": "Which reflective or sparkling effects must be present, and which approved sample demonstrates them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "required-gold-cues-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "gold-across-viewpoints", "name": "Gold across viewpoints", "description": "Assess the required gold effect across relevant lighting and viewing positions.", "findings": [ { "id": "directional-gold-match", "name": "Directional gold match", "description": "Record whether the candidate matches the intended gold appearance across the observation range required by its use.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the candidate's gold colour, highlights and darker regions compare with the reference as illumination or viewing angle changes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "directional-gold-match-q01" }, { "text": "Which views must pass before the agent can accept the metallic gold appearance?", "kind": "action", "id": "directional-gold-match-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "gold-reproduction-and-acceptance", "name": "Gold reproduction and acceptance", "description": "Determine whether a gold appearance can be reproduced, substituted or retained for a specific use.", "rationale": "An agent needs explicit criteria for accepting gold across media and for responding when an accepted appearance changes.", "layers": [ { "id": "gold-medium-transfer", "name": "Gold medium transfer", "description": "Resolve what must survive when gold moves between a reference, a display, a print or a physical finish.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-gold-approximation", "name": "Permitted gold approximation", "description": "Record the appearance requirements a target medium can satisfy and the compromises authorised for this use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the target medium reproduce the required gold colour and effects, or only an approximation of them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-gold-approximation-q01" }, { "text": "Who may approve loss of metallic reflection, sparkle or colour fidelity, and what proof must they assess?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-gold-approximation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "gold-match-decision", "name": "Gold match decision", "description": "Evaluate initial and continuing conformity to the approved gold appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "gold-acceptance-and-reassessment", "name": "Gold acceptance and reassessment", "description": "Record acceptance against declared criteria and trigger reassessment when the gold appearance no longer meets them.", "questions": [ { "text": "What colour tolerance and separate effect criteria determine whether this gold candidate passes under the required conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "gold-acceptance-and-reassessment-q01" }, { "text": "If a previously accepted gold now differs from its reference, should the agent request a controlled remeasurement, propose a replacement or refer the underlying surface for investigation?", "kind": "action", "id": "gold-acceptance-and-reassessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "native gold (nuggets, placer grains, and natural Au-Ag electrum)", "jewellery karat alloys (yellow, white, and rose/red, typically 9-22 karat)", "investment bullion (LBMA Good Delivery bars, kilobars, and bullion coins)", "high-purity refined gold (999.9‰ four-nines and 999.99‰ five-nines)", "coinage gold (historically 900 fine in the United States, 916.7 fine in sovereign-type coins)", "industrial and electronic gold (bonding wire, contacts, sputtering targets, and electroplate)", "dental gold alloys", "colloidal gold and gold leaf" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q897", "note": "Item for the chemical element gold." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC element symbol / atomic number", "value_or_pattern": "Au / 79", "note": "Symbol from Latin aurum." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "7440-57-5", "note": "Elemental gold; also used for powder, flake, leaf, and colloidal gold as listed synonyms." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "23985", "note": "NCBI PubChem compound record." }, { "scheme": "ChemSpider", "value_or_pattern": "22421", "note": "RSC ChemSpider identifier." }, { "scheme": "InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N", "note": "IUPAC Standard InChIKey for Au." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System 2022", "value_or_pattern": "710812", "note": "Unwrought non-monetary gold (Wikidata HS 2022). Heading 7108 covers gold more broadly." }, { "scheme": "NCI Thesaurus", "value_or_pattern": "C2392", "note": "NCI concept code for gold." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "LBMA Good Delivery Rules for Gold and Silver Bars - London Bullion Market Association (minimum 995.0‰ fine gold; 350-430 fine troy ounces; mandatory marks).", "LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance - London Bullion Market Association (mandatory for Good Delivery refiners; implements the OECD five-step due-diligence framework and Gold Supplement).", "OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas, Supplement on Gold - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.", "ISO 9202, Jewellery and precious metals - Fineness of precious metal alloys - ISO/TC 174 (recommended millesimal grades; no minus tolerance).", "ISO 19376-1, Jewellery and precious metals - Vocabulary - Part 1: Precious metals and units - ISO/TC 174.", "ISO 24018:2020 chemical-composition grades for gold bars (995 / 999 / 999.5 / 999.9‰) - International Organization for Standardization.", "Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals (Vienna, 15 November 1972) - Hallmarking Convention / Common Control Mark, depositary Sweden.", "Hallmarking Act 1973 - United Kingdom (millesimal marks 375, 585, 750, 916 in place of carat stamps).", "BIS gold jewellery hallmarking (14K585-24K, HUID) - Bureau of Indian Standards / Department of Consumer Affairs, India.", "National legal minima for calling an article \"gold\" (for example 10 karat in the United States; 9 carat / 375‰ in the United Kingdom and Canada)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Cast and minted as wholesale Good Delivery bars (~12.5 kg) and as 1 kg and smaller investment bars and coins held in vaults, ETFs, and central-bank reserves.", "Fabricated into jewellery and watch cases, typically 9-22 karat alloys of gold with silver, copper, zinc, nickel, or palladium, then hallmarked.", "Deposited or drawn as corrosion-resistant electrical contacts and semiconductor bonding wire; this is the main industrial sink.", "Used in dental restorations as gold-based alloys.", "Applied as gold leaf, electroplate, and rolled-gold cladding on base-metal objects.", "Mined as native metal or tellurides, then recovered by cyanidation (industrial) or mercury amalgamation (artisanal), and refined by Miller chlorination and/or Wohlwill electrolysis.", "Historically coined as circulating money; most circulating gold coinage ended in the 1930s and the international gold standard was abandoned after 1971." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "standard atomic weight Ar(Au)", "typical_range": "196.966570(4)", "unit": "1 (relative to 12C; 197Au only)" }, { "quantity": "density (pure metal, ~20 °C)", "typical_range": "19.3", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "melting point", "typical_range": "1064.18", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "millesimal fineness (jewellery to four-nines bullion)", "typical_range": "375-999.9", "unit": "‰ by mass Au" }, { "quantity": "karatage (jewellery)", "typical_range": "9-24", "unit": "karat (parts Au in 24)" }, { "quantity": "Good Delivery bar fine-gold content", "typical_range": "350-430", "unit": "troy ounce (1 toz = 31.1034768 g)" }, { "quantity": "Mohs hardness (pure gold)", "typical_range": "2.5", "unit": "Mohs" }, { "quantity": "crustal abundance (order of magnitude)", "typical_range": "~0.005", "unit": "ppm by mass" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Cyanide leach solutions used to dissolve gold in mining and plating are acutely toxic if released or mishandled.", "Mercury amalgamation in artisanal mining poisons workers and sediments; gold dissolves in mercury without a chemical reaction.", "Tungsten cores (density ~19.25 g/cm³ versus gold 19.3 g/cm³) defeat shop-floor specific-gravity checks on counterfeit bars; ultrasonic, conductivity, or core assay is required.", "Gold-plated, rolled-gold, and gold-filled base metal is sold as solid gold; surface XRF or a hallmark does not prove the core.", "Trace iron in otherwise fine gold can make it brittle and unworkable in rolling or coining.", "Nickel in some white-gold alloys causes contact dermatitis.", "Pure and high-karat gold is very soft (Mohs ~2.5) and wears, dents, and scratches in use.", "Conflict, illegally mined, and recycled gold can enter refinery feed; LBMA/OECD due diligence exists because origin is otherwise lost at melt.", "Elemental gold is chemically inert in bulk; soluble gold salts, aurocyanide complexes, and aqua regia solutions are the chemical hazards, not the metal itself." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "British English uses \"carat\" for gold purity; American English uses \"karat\" (both abbreviated K). The gemstone mass unit carat (ct = 200 mg) is a different quantity.", "United Kingdom and Canada treat 9 carat / 375‰ as gold and stamp millesimal fineness under hallmarking law; the United States sets 10 karat as the legal minimum, with 14 karat the usual retail grade.", "India's retail jewellery market is dominated by 22 karat (916‰), with compulsory BIS hallmark plus a unique HUID; 20 karat / 833‰ is used in parts of Asia.", "ISO 9202 lists 333‰ gold, which some jurisdictions do not allow to be sold as gold.", "Europe and other Hallmarking Convention parties use independent assay-office marks and the Common Control Mark; the United States relies mainly on maker's marks and karat stamps.", "London wholesale settlement requires ~400 oz Good Delivery bars at ≥995‰; Asian retail and Shanghai-type trade is built around 1 kg 999.9 bars, for which ISO 24018 fills a gap LBMA does not cover.", "Historic coin alloys differ: United States gold coin was 900 fine with copper; British/Australian sovereign-type gold was 916.7 fine, Australia often with silver rather than copper." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "pyrite (fool's gold, FeS2)", "difference": "Pyrite is brittle, forms cubes, and has density ~5 g/cm³ and a dark streak; gold is malleable, yellow-streaked, and ~19.3 g/cm³. Nitric acid does not dissolve gold (the acid test)." }, { "name": "chalcopyrite", "difference": "Softer brassy sulphide that tarnishes and is not malleable; same density and acid-test separation as for pyrite." }, { "name": "tungsten (Au-plated bar cores)", "difference": "Density is almost identical (~19.25 vs 19.3 g/cm³), so hydrostatic weighing fails; ultrasound, electrical conductivity, XRF of a cut face, or fire assay of a drill core separates them." }, { "name": "gold-plated or gold-filled brass/bronze", "difference": "Surface colour and even a surface XRF reading can match gold; wear-through, density, a file-and-acid test, or fire assay of the core shows base metal." }, { "name": "rolled gold / gold filled", "difference": "A mechanically bonded gold-alloy skin on base metal, thicker than electroplate but not solid gold; cross-section or destructive assay, not the exterior colour, is the test." }, { "name": "platinum", "difference": "White, denser (~21.45 g/cm³), much higher melting point, and a different hallmark/XRF spectrum; not dissolved by the same aqua-regia conditions as readily as gold in workshop tests." }, { "name": "sterling or fine silver (versus white gold)", "difference": "Lower density (~10.5 g/cm³), different XRF/hallmark, and silver dissolves in nitric acid while gold does not." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of gold this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative colour vocabularies and reference collections should govern gold membership beyond the registry's broad colour meaning?", "How should the model relate flat gold palette entries to metallic gold appearances without treating either as the universal definition?", "Which measurement protocols and acceptance criteria adequately describe directional and sparkling gold appearances in the intended application domains?", "Which boundaries between gold, yellow, ochre, bronze-like and copper-like appearances are supported by the relevant language and industry references?", "Which existing Vercy colour or appearance model already owns reusable comparison machinery, and should this entry specialise or link to it?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a gold, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise gold as a colour quality, assess whether an observed or proposed appearance meets its intended gold reference, and choose justified matching or reproduction actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Vegas gold.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a gold, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Vegas gold" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one gold from another, and a gold from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a gold sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a gold from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a gold passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a gold between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a gold, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a gold is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What gold is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of gold are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is gold operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of gold and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of gold?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as gold?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a gold came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a gold and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a gold is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a gold, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a gold, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a gold is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }