{ "model": { "rank": 6771, "code": "thing-q208103", "model_id": "vr.tr.bellows", "name": "bellows", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise bellows, assess their ability to displace air through repeated chamber expansion and compression, and determine suitable operation, inspection and repair.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q208103/", "tier": 2, "score": 58, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "blowpipe", "box bellow", "fireplace bellow", "drive shaft bellow" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 58, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q208103", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208103", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:28:24Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887f-5b41-75c3-a32c-d0d0e3b357c2\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bellows\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 61.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887f-5b4f-7222-9cda-02fbbd21ab07\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bellows\nRegistry id: vr.tr.bellows\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q208103", "registryId": "vr.tr.bellows", "name": "bellows", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q208103/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bellows", "name": "bellows", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise bellows, assess their ability to displace air through repeated chamber expansion and compression, and determine suitable operation, inspection and repair.", "definition": "Bellows are variable-volume air-pumping devices whose flexible or jointed chamber expands to admit air and contracts to discharge it, usually through valves and an outlet that direct the flow.", "scope_statement": "This model owns bellows as a kind of variable-volume air-moving device, including their flexible chamber, actuation, airflow routing and service condition; whether the registry also intends bellows used as expansion joints, seals or protective covers remains unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Hand, foot and mechanically actuated bellows used to deliver air", "Flexible chamber, supporting boards or frames, folds and seams", "Inlet openings, valves, outlet nozzles and connected air paths", "Stroke, chamber recovery, delivered airflow and pressure", "Leakage, fatigue, blockage and application-specific operating limits" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Furnaces, forges and fires receiving the airflow", "Complete musical instruments powered by bellows", "Complete ventilators, anaesthesia systems and other medical apparatus", "Rotary fans, centrifugal blowers and piston pumps", "Product lines and individual units as separate catalogue kinds", "Expansion joints, camera bellows and protective concertina covers pending registry sense clarification" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Air displacement results from expansion and compression of a chamber with a flexible wall, rather than a rotating impeller.", "The flexible chamber wall participates in the pumping stroke; a rigid cylinder with a sliding piston instead indicates a piston pump.", "An air-moving bellows has identifiable inlet and discharge paths whose behaviour can be traced over its operating cycle.", "A corrugated or folding enclosure that only accommodates movement or excludes dirt does not establish the air-pumping sense of bellows." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Application", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "fire tending | forge air supply | musical instrument air supply | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines the required airflow behaviour, interfaces and operating constraints." }, { "name": "Chamber arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "single chamber | multiple pumping chambers | pumping chamber with reservoir | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Helps explain how intake, discharge and any smoothing of delivery occur." }, { "name": "Flexible wall material", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded material and construction, including coatings or reinforcement; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Informs flexibility, repair compatibility and tolerance of the intended environment." }, { "name": "Actuation source", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "hand | foot | mechanical linkage | powered drive | other", "why_it_matters": "Identifies how chamber movement is produced and controlled." }, { "name": "Usable chamber volume change", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "L per stroke, with stroke endpoints stated", "why_it_matters": "Describes geometric displacement without assuming all displaced volume reaches the outlet." }, { "name": "Operating cycle rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cycles/min, with load and actuation method stated", "why_it_matters": "Connects repeated chamber movement to delivery and wear." }, { "name": "Delivered airflow", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "L/min, with outlet pressure, cycle rate and averaging interval stated", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether actual air delivery suits the receiving process." }, { "name": "Outlet gauge pressure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Pa or kPa, with flow and operating conditions stated", "why_it_matters": "Characterises delivery against resistance and supports comparison with documented limits." }, { "name": "Air-path arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Locations and directions of inlets, outlets and valves; valveless arrangement if applicable", "why_it_matters": "Explains which stroke admits air, which discharges it and where reverse flow may occur." }, { "name": "Chamber and valve condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "intact | leaking | stiff | torn | sticking | obstructed | unassessed; multiple values permitted", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes causes of weak delivery and impaired motion." }, { "name": "Receiving equipment interface", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked receiving equipment, nozzle or hose connection, dimensions in mm where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Establishes fit, airflow destination and constraints imposed by the connected equipment." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate by checking whether flexible-chamber movement intentionally produces airflow.", "Trace intake and discharge over a full operating cycle and identify valve or connection faults.", "Compare measured delivery with the needs and documented limits of the receiving equipment.", "Operate or adjust stroke and cycle rate within established application limits.", "Inspect folds, seams, valves and linkages to identify likely causes of leakage or poor recovery.", "Select a compatible repair or replacement and verify chamber motion and delivery afterward." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-air-moving-role", "name": "Identity and air-moving role", "description": "Establishes which sense of bellows applies and what the air delivery serves.", "rationale": "The name also describes flexible components that do not function as air pumps.", "layers": [ { "id": "pumping-identity", "name": "Pumping identity", "description": "Recognises bellows through the relationship between flexible-wall movement and airflow.", "findings": [ { "id": "flexible-chamber-displacement", "name": "Flexible chamber displacement", "description": "Record whether expansion and compression of a flexible chamber intentionally admit and discharge air.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flexible surfaces move to change the chamber volume?", "kind": "definition", "id": "flexible-chamber-displacement-q01" }, { "text": "Does this object pump air, or does its folding wall only provide enclosure, sealing or movement accommodation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "flexible-chamber-displacement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-boundary", "name": "Application boundary", "description": "Locates the bellows within the process or equipment it supplies.", "findings": [ { "id": "air-delivery-role", "name": "Air delivery role", "description": "Record the airflow destination and separate the bellows assembly from its receiving apparatus.", "questions": [ { "text": "What process or component receives the discharged air?", "kind": "definition", "id": "air-delivery-role-q01" }, { "text": "Which reservoir, hoses, controls or mounting parts belong to the bellows assembly, and which belong to the host equipment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "air-delivery-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chamber-and-air-path", "name": "Chamber and air path", "description": "Describes the flexible enclosure and the route air follows through it.", "rationale": "Bellows performance depends on both chamber integrity and correctly directed airflow.", "layers": [ { "id": "flexible-envelope", "name": "Flexible envelope", "description": "Records how the moving chamber is formed and supported.", "findings": [ { "id": "wall-folds-and-joints", "name": "Wall, folds and joints", "description": "Identify wall materials, folds, attachments and supports that permit repeated volume change.", "questions": [ { "text": "What materials, seams and attachments form the air-retaining chamber?", "kind": "definition", "id": "wall-folds-and-joints-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence identifies the wall material, reinforcement and any previous repairs?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "wall-folds-and-joints-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "air-routing", "name": "Air routing", "description": "Maps intake, discharge and any intermediate storage.", "findings": [ { "id": "ports-valves-and-reservoirs", "name": "Ports, valves and reservoirs", "description": "Record air passages and valve directions without assuming every bellows has the same valve arrangement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Through which openings does air move during expansion and during compression?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ports-valves-and-reservoirs-q01" }, { "text": "Which valves or chamber connections prevent reverse flow or retain air between pumping strokes?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ports-valves-and-reservoirs-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stroke-and-actuation", "name": "Stroke and actuation", "description": "Connects operator or drive movement to chamber expansion and compression.", "rationale": "Usable stroke, recovery and linkage behaviour determine whether repeated pumping is possible.", "layers": [ { "id": "drive-and-recovery", "name": "Drive and recovery", "description": "Identifies what moves the chamber and returns it for the next stroke.", "findings": [ { "id": "actuation-cycle", "name": "Actuation cycle", "description": "Record handles, pedals, linkages, springs, weights or powered mechanisms involved in the cycle.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supplies the compression force, and what re-expands the chamber?", "kind": "definition", "id": "actuation-cycle-q01" }, { "text": "How can the operator or controller start, stop and vary repeated strokes?", "kind": "action", "id": "actuation-cycle-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "travel-and-handling", "name": "Travel and handling", "description": "Establishes usable movement and access around folding or closing parts.", "findings": [ { "id": "stroke-envelope", "name": "Stroke envelope", "description": "Record normal travel, limiting features and points where movement can strain the wall or trap fingers.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the usable travel and chamber volume change between normal stroke endpoints?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stroke-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What handling or guarding provisions keep operation within travel limits and clear of closing gaps?", "kind": "action", "id": "stroke-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "delivery-and-application-fit", "name": "Delivery and application fit", "description": "Characterises actual airflow and compatibility with the intended receiving equipment.", "rationale": "Geometric displacement alone does not establish useful delivery under resistance or acceptable pulsation.", "layers": [ { "id": "flow-and-pressure", "name": "Flow and pressure", "description": "Records delivery under explicit operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "loaded-delivery", "name": "Loaded delivery", "description": "Assess airflow, pressure and variation over the pumping cycle at the intended load.", "questions": [ { "text": "What airflow and outlet gauge pressure are measured at the stated stroke and cycle rate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "loaded-delivery-q01" }, { "text": "How does delivery vary across the cycle, including any pause while the chamber refills?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "loaded-delivery-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "connection-and-exposure", "name": "Connection and exposure", "description": "Relates the outlet connection and service environment to permissible use.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-compatibility", "name": "Service compatibility", "description": "Record fit and documented limits relevant to heat, particles, reverse flow and receiving-system resistance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What outlet dimensions, connection arrangement and airflow requirements must match the receiving equipment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "service-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which instructions or applicable standards establish pressure, temperature and exposure limits for this use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "service-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-restoration", "name": "Condition and restoration", "description": "Supports diagnosis and restoration of chamber motion and directed air delivery.", "rationale": "A bellows may move normally while losing useful output through seams, valves or connections.", "layers": [ { "id": "fault-localisation", "name": "Fault localisation", "description": "Distinguishes leakage, flow restriction and mechanical impairment.", "findings": [ { "id": "delivery-loss-causes", "name": "Delivery loss causes", "description": "Connect observed symptoms to the chamber wall, seams, valves, nozzle or drive mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are leaks, tears, loose attachments, sticking valves or obstructed passages observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "delivery-loss-causes-q01" }, { "text": "Which suitable inspection or test can distinguish air loss from restricted flow or incomplete stroke?", "kind": "action", "id": "delivery-loss-causes-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repair-and-return-to-use", "name": "Repair and return to use", "description": "Establishes compatible interventions and evidence that pumping function has been restored.", "findings": [ { "id": "restoration-acceptance", "name": "Restoration acceptance", "description": "Record repair choices and verify flexibility, sealing, valve operation and delivery before resuming the intended service.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which repair materials and procedures are supported for this wall construction and service environment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "restoration-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "What post-repair checks demonstrate full usable motion, correct airflow direction and adequate delivery?", "kind": "action", "id": "restoration-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense; this description assumes the air-pumping device rather than an expansion joint, protective cover or camera bellows.", "Valve arrangements differ: accordion bellows support airflow in both directions, so one-way discharge is not universal.", "Dimensions, pressure, flow rate and applicable standards depend strongly on the application; no universal typical ranges or governing standard are asserted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of bellows this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hand-operated fireplace bellows", "Forge bellows", "Double-chamber bellows", "Foot-operated bellows", "Organ bellows", "Accordion bellows" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bellows this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Supplying combustion air to fireplaces and forges", "Supplying air to pipe organs", "Driving airflow through reeds in accordions and related instruments", "Inflating objects using foot-operated pumps", "Producing directed air jets for cleaning" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bellows this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cracks, punctures or failed seams cause air leakage and reduced output.", "Worn or obstructed valves impair intake or allow unwanted reverse flow.", "Repeated flexing can fatigue folds and loosen their attachments.", "Hands can be pinched between moving boards or within linkages.", "Use near fires can expose the bellows and operator to sparks, hot gases and burns." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bellows this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Blower", "difference": "A blower commonly produces airflow with a rotating impeller or rotor; bellows move air by expanding and contracting a chamber." }, { "name": "Piston pump", "difference": "A piston pump changes chamber volume with a piston sliding in a cylinder; bellows do so by deforming or folding the chamber wall." }, { "name": "Diaphragm pump", "difference": "A diaphragm pump uses a flexible membrane across a chamber; bellows typically expand and collapse a folded chamber, although terminology can overlap." }, { "name": "Expansion bellows", "difference": "Expansion bellows accommodate movement in pipework or assemblies through a flexible corrugated wall; they need not pump air." }, { "name": "Protective bellows", "difference": "Protective bellows cover moving parts against contamination rather than deliberately deliver airflow." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bellows this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.bellows denote only air-pumping devices, or also flexible expansion, sealing and protective components?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or a broader variable-volume pump concept to which this entry should link?", "Which chamber and valve arrangements must be represented to cover the intended historical and contemporary uses?", "What documented ranges of displacement, airflow, pressure and dimensions are representative for each included application?", "Which issuing bodies, standards and manufacturer instructions govern particular bellows applications, and when do requirements apply to the complete host apparatus rather than the bellows?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bellows, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise bellows, assess their ability to displace air through repeated chamber expansion and compression, and determine suitable operation, inspection and repair.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: blowpipe, box bellow, fireplace bellow, drive shaft bellow.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bellows, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "blowpipe", "box bellow", "fireplace bellow", "drive shaft bellow" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bellows from another, and a bellows from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bellows sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bellows from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a bellows is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a bellows is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a bellows is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a bellows is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a bellows is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a bellows is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bellows passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bellows between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bellows, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bellows is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What bellows is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does bellows perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise bellows, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How bellows is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does bellows have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does bellows need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about bellows is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about bellows hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern bellows, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bellows came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bellows and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bellows is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bellows, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bellows, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bellows is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }