{ "model": { "rank": 4527, "code": "thing-q208166", "model_id": "vr.tr.borderline-personality-disorder", "name": "borderline personality disorder", "purpose": "Let an agent explain borderline personality disorder in general terms, relay criteria, causes, treatments and prognosis from psychiatric and psychological sources with debates attributed, route suicide and self-harm risk to crisis services first, reduce stigma, describe the named classifications, and distinguish BPD from bipolar disorder, complex PTSD, ADHD and other personality disorders, without diagnosing individuals.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q208166/", "tier": 2, "score": 74, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "emotionally unstable personality disorder: borderline type", "emotionally unstable personality disorder, impulsive type" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 74, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q208166", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208166", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T23:23:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q208166", "registryId": "vr.tr.borderline-personality-disorder", "name": "borderline personality disorder", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q208166/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.borderline-personality-disorder", "name": "borderline personality disorder", "purpose": "Let an agent explain borderline personality disorder in general terms, relay criteria, causes, treatments and prognosis from psychiatric and psychological sources with debates attributed, route suicide and self-harm risk to crisis services first, reduce stigma, describe the named classifications, and distinguish BPD from bipolar disorder, complex PTSD, ADHD and other personality disorders, without diagnosing individuals.", "definition": "A mental health condition characterised by a pervasive pattern of instability in emotions, self-image and relationships, with impulsivity, intense fear of abandonment, chronic emptiness and often self-harm or suicidal behaviour, classified in DSM-5 as a cluster B personality disorder and in ICD-10 as emotionally unstable personality disorder with borderline and impulsive types, while ICD-11 uses a borderline pattern specifier; many people improve substantially over time, and evidence-based psychotherapies such as dialectical behaviour therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, mentalisation-based treatment and schema therapy help. The diagnosis carries stigma and debates about its relationship to trauma, attributed. Anyone at immediate risk of suicide or self-harm should contact emergency services or a crisis line.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a mental health condition.", "affordances": [ "route crises first", "explain criteria and classifications in general terms", "relay evidence-based treatments", "present debates with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Emotional dysregulation", "Relationship instability", "Self-harm risk", "Treatable" ], "appearance": "Not visible; described through patterns of emotion, relationships and behaviour.", "visual_identification": [ "Personality disorder with emotional and relational instability", "Emotionally unstable personality disorder borderline type, emotionally unstable personality disorder impulsive type, BPD", "Bipolar disorder involves mood episodes; complex PTSD centres on trauma symptoms; ADHD is neurodevelopmental; other personality disorders have distinct patterns" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "DSM-5 criteria", "typical_range": "9 listed, 5 required", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "DBT developed", "typical_range": "late 1980s-1993", "unit": "note", "note": "Marsha Linehan" }, { "quantity": "ICD-11", "typical_range": "borderline pattern specifier", "unit": "note", "note": "from 2022" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "borderline type", "impulsive type", "borderline pattern specifier in ICD-11" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "cluster B personality disorders", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is treated with", "target": "dialectical behavior therapy", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "bipolar disorder", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "complex post-traumatic stress disorder", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 classifications", "NICE borderline personality disorder guidelines", "Mental health legislation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Missing suicide risk", "Stigmatising language", "Remote diagnosis" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What BPD is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is someone thinking of suicide, self-harming or in crisis right now, in which case contact emergency services or a crisis line immediately?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is borderline personality disorder, and how does it differ from bipolar disorder, complex PTSD, ADHD and other personality disorders?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification", "description": "Named classifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-finding", "name": "Classification", "description": "Classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the ICD-10 borderline and impulsive types and the ICD-11 borderline pattern?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific classification?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "clinical", "name": "Clinical", "description": "Clinical picture.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "criteria", "name": "Criteria", "description": "Criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "criteria-finding", "name": "Criteria", "description": "Criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "What patterns do diagnostic criteria describe, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes and trauma.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do researchers say about genetic, developmental and trauma factors, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment and recovery.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "therapies", "name": "Therapies", "description": "Psychotherapies.", "findings": [ { "id": "therapies-finding", "name": "Therapies", "description": "Therapies.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do DBT, mentalisation-based treatment and schema therapy help, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits dialectical behavior therapy?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prognosis", "name": "Prognosis", "description": "Recovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "prognosis-finding", "name": "Prognosis", "description": "Prognosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do long-term studies show about improvement over time, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits recovery approach?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Stigma and families.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "stigma", "name": "Stigma", "description": "Stigma.", "findings": [ { "id": "stigma-finding", "name": "Stigma", "description": "Stigma.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does stigma affect people with BPD in healthcare, as advocates and studies report?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful and non-stigmatising?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "families", "name": "Families", "description": "Family support.", "findings": [ { "id": "families-finding", "name": "Families", "description": "Families.", "questions": [ { "text": "What support exists for families of people with BPD?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits family connections programme?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "How should the ICD-10 subtype aliases be mapped to ICD-11?", "How should trauma and BPD debates be presented?", "How should treatment guidelines be linked by country?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "disease or condition", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a borderline personality disorder, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain borderline personality disorder in general terms, relay criteria, causes, treatments and prognosis from psychiatric and psychological sources with debates attributed, route suicide and self-harm risk to crisis services first, reduce stigma, describe the named classifications, and distinguish BPD from bipolar disorder, complex PTSD, ADHD and other personality disorders, without diagnosing individuals.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: emotionally unstable personality disorder: borderline type, emotionally unstable personality disorder, impulsive type.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a borderline personality disorder, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by criteria applied to signs and findings, not by appearance. Two conditions can look identical and be distinguished only by test." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "emotionally unstable personality disorder: borderline type", "emotionally unstable personality disorder, impulsive type" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one borderline personality disorder from another, and a borderline personality disorder from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a borderline personality disorder sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a borderline personality disorder from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a borderline personality disorder passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a borderline personality disorder between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a borderline personality disorder, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a borderline personality disorder is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnosis-and-criteria", "name": "Diagnosis, criteria and coding", "description": "What makes a case of borderline personality disorder a case, and under which revision.", "rationale": "Criteria change between revisions, so a diagnosis without its coding revision cannot be compared with a later one.", "layers": [ { "id": "criteria", "name": "Diagnostic criteria", "description": "The criteria in force and who issues them.", "findings": [ { "id": "criteria-record", "name": "Criteria, issuer and revision", "description": "What must be true for a diagnosis, according to whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "criteria-record-q01", "text": "What criteria define borderline personality disorder, issued by which body, in which revision?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "criteria-record-q02", "text": "What changed between revisions that would reclassify existing cases?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coding", "name": "Coding and terminology", "description": "The codes used to record it and their mapping.", "findings": [ { "id": "coding-record", "name": "Codes and mappings", "description": "Which classification codes apply and how they map.", "questions": [ { "id": "coding-record-q01", "text": "Which classification and terminology codes cover borderline personality disorder, and how do they map to each other?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "coding-record-q02", "text": "What is lost when a case is mapped from one scheme to another?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "course-and-population", "name": "Course, population and care", "description": "How borderline personality disorder develops, whom it affects, and what is done about it.", "rationale": "The condition, the diagnosis and the episode of care are three different things, and an agent must not merge them.", "layers": [ { "id": "course", "name": "Course and stages", "description": "Onset, progression, remission and outcome.", "findings": [ { "id": "course-record", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages recorded and what moves a case between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "course-record-q01", "text": "What course does borderline personality disorder typically take, and what marks each stage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "course-record-q02", "text": "What separates the condition itself from an episode of care for it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population", "name": "Affected populations", "description": "Who is affected, how often, and on what evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemiology", "name": "Prevalence and its basis", "description": "Rates with their population, period and source.", "questions": [ { "id": "epidemiology-q01", "text": "What prevalence or incidence is reported for borderline personality disorder, in which population and period?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "epidemiology-q02", "text": "What may an agent not conclude about an individual from a population rate?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a borderline personality disorder came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a borderline personality disorder and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a borderline personality disorder is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a borderline personality disorder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a borderline personality disorder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a borderline personality disorder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }