ceasefire

Ceasefire undertaking

Record the agreement, declaration or communications evidencing restraint, including authenticity, versions and differences between public summaries and operative wording.

1. What specific undertaking to stop hostilities establishes this ceasefire rather than a request for one or an observed lull? definition
2. Which accessible records establish the operative wording, its issuer and any amendments or competing versions? provenance

Participation and command reach

Record each actor's commitment, claimed authority over covered forces and evidence that the commitment reached those forces.

1. Which actors have undertaken restraint, and which forces are expressly included, excluded or contested? boundary
2. What evidence establishes acceptance and communication of ceasefire instructions to the relevant commands or units? provenance

Prohibitions and reserved actions

Record restraints on attacks and other specified activities, together with any claimed or agreed exceptions and their conditions.

1. Which acts are expressly prohibited, including any restrictions on movement, reinforcement, reconnaissance or weapons use? definition
2. What exceptions are stated, who accepts their interpretation, and which proposed actions require clarification before being treated as permitted? action

Applicable area and window

Record geographic boundaries, operational domains, effective times, recurring windows and uncertainty in maps or timing.

1. Which territories, corridors, facilities and operational domains fall within the ceasefire, and where are boundaries disputed? boundary
2. What start time, time zone, duration or recurring schedule applies, and how precisely can applicability at an incident's time be established? measurement

Entry into effect

Record whether activation is immediate, scheduled or conditional, and whether different actors or phases have different triggers.

1. Which events, confirmations or orders must occur before each commitment takes effect? definition
2. What evidence shows that each activation condition was met, and who is designated to confirm it? provenance

Implementation tasks

Record any required separation, withdrawal, weapons positioning, liaison arrangements or linked measures, distinguishing obligations from aspirations.

1. Which implementation tasks are required, by whom and by what deadline, and which depend on another actor's prior action? action
2. What observable evidence establishes completion or non-completion of each required task? measurement

Monitoring mandate and gaps

Record monitors' mandates, access, methods, reporting periods and blind spots, including arrangements without a designated monitor.

1. Who is designated or otherwise reporting on adherence, and what access and investigative powers does each observer have? definition
2. Which actors, locations and periods were actually observed, and where does lack of access prevent a meaningful assessment? measurement

Incident-to-term assessment

Link an alleged incident to the applicable commitment, evidence of conduct and responsibility, alternative explanations and any designated body's determination.

1. Which term potentially covers the reported conduct, actor, place and time, and what exception or interpretation is invoked? boundary
2. Which evidence supports or contests the incident and its attribution, and has a designated mechanism issued a finding? provenance
3. What incident reporting, clarification or investigation procedure is available, and who may initiate it? action

Formal status and observed restraint

Record status by commitment, actor and area, alongside a time-bounded adherence assessment and the evidence supporting each.

1. Which commitments are currently in effect, expired, suspended, terminated or disputed, and what event supports each status? definition
2. Over what observation period and geographic coverage is restraint holding or failing, and how does this differ from the parties' status claims? measurement

Authorised status-changing procedures

Record amendment, renewal, dispute-resolution and termination provisions, including notice requirements and contested assertions of entitlement.

1. What procedures govern renewal, amendment, suspension or termination, and whose participation or notice is required? action
2. After an alleged breach, which consultation, corrective or escalation steps are provided, and which actions require separate authority? action
3. Does an ending or suspension affect every commitment, or do specified obligations continue? boundary

Kinds and varieties

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• unilateral ceasefire
• bilateral ceasefire
• multilateral ceasefire
• humanitarian ceasefire
• temporary / timed ceasefire
• permanent ceasefire
• local / tactical ceasefire
• nationwide / comprehensive ceasefire

1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Wikidata - Q1086725 - ceasefire (Q1086725)

1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• UN Charter, Chapter VII (Security Council ceasefire demands)
• Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols (IHL constraints during and after ceasefires)
• Customary IHL (ICRC)

1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• UN Security Council resolutions demanding or monitoring ceasefires
• Peace-process annexes and monitoring missions
• Humanitarian corridors and pauses for aid, medical evacuation, and prisoner exchange

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• duration - hours to years - h / d

1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• violations and spoiler attacks
• ambiguous geographic or force coverage
• collapse into renewed fighting

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Arabic hudna vs tahdi'a usage in Levant conflicts
• Korean Armistice as long-term military armistice rather than political peace

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• armistice - An armistice is a formal, usually written, cessation of hostilities often ending active campaigning; a ceasefire may be informal, local, or temporary without ending the war.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ceasefire this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance