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Research draft

spheroid

vr.tr.spheroid · XCT.QLT

Let an agent explain spheroids, relay geometry, formulas and geodetic uses from mathematics and geodesy sources, describe the named forms, and distinguish spheroids from spheres, triaxial ellipsoids, geoids and ovoid or egg shapes.

Thing Registry Cross-cutting context

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain spheroids, relay geometry, formulas and geodetic uses from mathematics and geodesy sources, describe the named forms, and distinguish spheroids from spheres, triaxial ellipsoids, geoids and ovoid or egg shapes.

A surface formed by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes, called an oblate spheroid when rotated about the minor axis, flattened at the poles like the Earth, and a prolate spheroid when rotated about the major axis, elongated like a rugby ball; reference ellipsoids such as the Earth ellipsoid of WGS 84, with an equatorial radius of 6,378,137 metres and a flattening of about 1/298.257, underpin GPS, mapping and geodesy. Spheroids are special cases of ellipsoids with two equal axes.

What it is for: Describing flattened or elongated round shapes.

It can be explain geometry; relay formulas; describe Earth reference ellipsoids; distinguish related shapes.

Distinguishing features

Two equal axes

Rotational symmetry

Oblate or prolate

Geodetic importance

What it looks like

A ball flattened at the poles or stretched along an axis.

Physical character

WGS 84 equatorial radius: 6,378,137 m

WGS 84 inverse flattening: 298.257223563 number

Newton predicted Earth oblateness: 1687 year - Principia

How it is recognised

Ellipsoid of revolution

Earth ellipsoid, oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid

Spheres have all axes equal; triaxial ellipsoids have three different axes; geoids model gravity equipotential; ovoids are asymmetric eggs

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

ellipsoid

includes -

oblate spheroid

is used in -

World Geodetic System

is contrasted with -

geoid

In practice

Families and kinds

oblate spheroids

prolate spheroids

reference ellipsoids

spheroidal coordinates

Standards and regulation

WGS 84 and GRS 80 geodetic standards

ISO 19111 coordinate reference systems

Failure modes and hazards

Mixing datums in mapping

Confusing ellipsoid and geoid heights

Assuming Earth is a sphere for precise work

Also called

Earth ellipsoidoblate spheroidprolate spheroid

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.spheroid

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What a spheroid is.

Definition.

Definition

Definition.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is a spheroid, and how does it differ from spheres, triaxial ellipsoids, geoids and ovoids? definition
  2. Is the question about geometry, mapping, GPS or physics? boundary

Forms

Named forms.

Forms

Forms.

  1. What are oblate and prolate spheroids and Earth ellipsoids? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific form? action
Geometry Geometry.

Science.

Formulas

Volume and surface.

Formulas

Formulas.

  1. How are volume and surface area of spheroids computed? measurement
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Flattening

Flattening and eccentricity.

Flattening

Flattening.

  1. What are flattening and eccentricity of a spheroid? measurement
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Geodesy Geodesy.

Regulation.

WGS 84

WGS 84.

WGS 84

WGS 84.

  1. How does WGS 84 define the Earth ellipsoid used by GPS? provenance
  2. Which entry fits World Geodetic System? action

Geoid

Ellipsoid and geoid.

Geoid

Geoid.

  1. Why do ellipsoidal heights differ from heights above the geoid? provenance
  2. Which entry fits geoid? action
Context History and nature.

Context.

History

Figure of the Earth.

History

History.

  1. How did 18th-century expeditions confirm the Earth is oblate? provenance
  2. Which entry fits French Geodesic Mission? action

Planets

Rotating bodies.

Planets

Planets.

  1. Why are fast-rotating planets such as Saturn strongly oblate? provenance
  2. Which entry fits flattening? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should reference ellipsoids be a separate entry?
  • How should geodesy standards be linked?
  • Should prolate spheroid be split off?