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Research draft

signaling receptor

vr.tr.signaling-receptor · PHY.MAT

Let an agent explain signalling receptors and their classes, relay mechanisms of signal transduction, describe roles in physiology, disease and drug action, and distinguish signalling receptors from transporters and sensory receptor cells.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain signalling receptors and their classes, relay mechanisms of signal transduction, describe roles in physiology, disease and drug action, and distinguish signalling receptors from transporters and sensory receptor cells.

A protein that binds a signalling molecule such as a hormone, cytokine, growth factor or neurotransmitter and initiates a cellular response, including cell surface receptors such as cytokine receptors, tumour necrosis factor receptors, the erythropoietin receptor and receptors exploited by toxins such as the anthrax toxin receptor, and intracellular receptors for lipophilic signals; signalling receptors are central to physiology and are major drug targets.

What it is for: Receiving signals and triggering cellular responses.

It can be explain classes and mechanisms; relay roles in physiology and disease; describe drug targeting; distinguish from related proteins and cells.

Distinguishing features

Ligand binding

Signal transduction

Many structural classes

Drug targets

What it looks like

Not visible; proteins shown as structural models spanning membranes or in the cytoplasm.

How it is recognised

Protein binding a signal and starting a response

Cell surface and intracellular classes

Transporters move molecules; sensory receptor cells are whole cells

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

protein

binds - the signalling molecule

ligand

initiates - the response pathway

signal transduction

is targeted by - in many therapies

drug

In practice

Families and kinds

G protein-coupled receptors

receptor tyrosine kinases

cytokine receptors including common chain receptors and the erythropoietin receptor

tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily

ion channel receptors

nuclear receptors

receptors hijacked by pathogens and toxins such as anthrax toxin receptors

Identifiers

Gene Ontology GO:0038023 signaling receptor activity

IUPHAR receptor nomenclature

Standards and regulation

IUPHAR receptor nomenclature

No regulation of the proteins themselves

Failure modes and hazards

Receptor mutations causing disease

Off-target drug effects

Confusing receptor classes

Also called

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 13C/17protoreceptorTumour necrosis factor receptor 5Erythropoietin receptorCytokine IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor common beta chainAnthrax toxin receptorAnnexin-2 receptorglial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptorvascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3)Neogenintumour necrosis factor receptor 9Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6CD48 antigenleptin receptorvascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)Photoactive yellow-proteinUltraviolet-B receptor UVR8vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1)Interferon gamma receptor alpha subunitBet v I type allergenendothelial protein C receptorRenin receptor-likeTonB-dependent siderophore receptorNatural killer cell receptor 2B4PRLRTransmembrane protein PVRIGphotoreceptor proteinneurotransmitter receptorimmunophilinsVEGF receptorsTGFβ superfamily receptorangiopoietin receptoractivin receptoractivin types I and II receptor domain, protein familytransmembrane signaling receptortranslocation receptorintracellular receptorN-Acetylglucosamine receptorneuropilingasoreceptor

+212

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What signalling receptors are.

Science.

Definition

Definition and classes.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is a signalling receptor, and what structural classes exist? definition
  2. Is the protein a signalling receptor, a transporter or an enzyme? boundary

Mechanism

Signal transduction.

Mechanism

Mechanism.

  1. How do receptors transduce signals through second messengers, kinases and gene regulation? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific class? action
Function Physiology and disease.

Science.

Physiology

Roles.

Physiology

Physiology.

  1. What roles do receptors play in immunity, blood formation, growth and neurotransmission? provenance
  2. Which entry fits cytokine receptor? action

Disease

Disease.

Disease

Disease.

  1. How do receptor defects and pathogen exploitation cause disease, with findings attributed? provenance
  2. Is the user asking about a personal condition, which needs a clinician? boundary
Drugs Drug targets.

Application.

Targets

Receptors as targets.

Targets

Targets.

  1. How do drugs act on receptors as agonists, antagonists and modulators? provenance
  2. Which entry fits pharmacology? action

Biologics

Antibodies and biologics.

Biologics

Biologics.

  1. How do antibody drugs target receptors such as TNF receptors and cytokine receptors? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance
Study Methods and history.

Study.

Methods

Methods.

Methods

Methods.

  1. How are receptors identified, structured and assayed? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How did the receptor concept develop from Langley and Ehrlich to molecular cloning? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of pharmacology? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should each receptor class be a separate primary entry?
  • How should nomenclature databases be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific receptors; should they be split off?
Draft as JSON