{ "model": { "rank": 17969, "code": "thing-q2091629", "model_id": "vr.tr.magnitude-q2091629", "name": "magnitude", "purpose": "Let an agent explain magnitude as a general property and its measurement, describe specialised magnitude scales such as those for earthquakes and stars, support comparison and classification of values, and clarify usage.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q2091629/", "tier": 2, "score": 30, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "abnormally low value", "abnormally high value", "family size", "file size", "document length", "font size", "sensory threshold", "citation index", "genome size", "magnitude of a complex number", "human brain size", "frequency deviation", "demo file size", "intro file size", "dentro file size", "glucose threshold" ], "aliasCount": 16, "merged": 16, "knownIn": 30, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.magnitude", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q2091629", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091629", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T02:02:12Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q2091629", "registryId": "vr.tr.magnitude-q2091629", "name": "magnitude", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2091629/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.magnitude-q2091629", "name": "magnitude", "purpose": "Let an agent explain magnitude as a general property and its measurement, describe specialised magnitude scales such as those for earthquakes and stars, support comparison and classification of values, and clarify usage.", "definition": "The size, extent or amount of something as a measurable property, whether the length or mass of an object, the size of a family, file or document, a font size, or the scale of an event such as an earthquake or star brightness, including values judged abnormally high or low against a reference; magnitude is expressed in units or on scales, compared across cases, and is a general concept in mathematics, science and everyday description.", "what_it_is_for": "Size or amount as a property.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept", "describe specialised scales", "support comparison", "clarify usage" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Measurable extent", "Units and scales", "Comparative", "General concept" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a measured or judged quantity.", "visual_identification": [ "How large or how much", "Measured in units or scales", "Direction is not magnitude; a vector has both" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "physical magnitudes", "magnitudes of collections such as family size", "digital magnitudes such as file size and font size", "scaled magnitudes such as earthquake and stellar magnitude", "abnormal values against references" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "property", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "observable", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "size", "why": "a closely related concept" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "fault", "why": "earthquake magnitudes" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI units and measurement standards", "Scale definitions such as moment magnitude", "Reference ranges for abnormal values" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing magnitude scales", "Confusing magnitude with vector or direction", "Misjudging abnormal values" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What magnitude is.", "rationale": "Concepts.", "layers": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept and measurement.", "findings": [ { "id": "concept-finding", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is magnitude as a property, how does it differ from size, scale and vector quantities, and how is it measured?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which sense of magnitude applies here?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scales", "name": "Scales", "description": "Specialised scales.", "findings": [ { "id": "scales-finding", "name": "Scales", "description": "Scales.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do earthquake magnitude, stellar magnitude and orders of magnitude work as scales?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific scale?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparing and classifying.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparing magnitudes.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are magnitudes compared across units and scales, and how are orders of magnitude used?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits unit conversion?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "abnormal", "name": "Abnormal", "description": "Abnormal values.", "findings": [ { "id": "abnormal-finding", "name": "Abnormal", "description": "Abnormal.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are values judged abnormally high or low against reference ranges in medicine, quality control and statistics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about a personal medical value, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "digital", "name": "Digital", "description": "Digital and everyday magnitudes.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "digital", "name": "Digital", "description": "File and font sizes.", "findings": [ { "id": "digital-finding", "name": "Digital", "description": "Digital.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are file sizes, document lengths and font sizes measured and expressed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits data storage units?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "social", "name": "Social", "description": "Social magnitudes.", "findings": [ { "id": "social-finding", "name": "Social", "description": "Social.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are magnitudes such as family size or population measured in statistics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits demography?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Mathematics and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "mathematics", "name": "Mathematics", "description": "Magnitude in mathematics.", "findings": [ { "id": "mathematics-finding", "name": "Mathematics", "description": "Mathematics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is magnitude defined for numbers, vectors and complex numbers in mathematics?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits absolute value?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can magnitude and measurement be taught?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each scale be a separate entry?", "How should measurement standards be linked?", "How should reference ranges be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a magnitude, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain magnitude as a general property and its measurement, describe specialised magnitude scales such as those for earthquakes and stars, support comparison and classification of values, and clarify usage.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: abnormally low value, abnormally high value, family size, file size, document length, font size, sensory threshold, citation index, genome size, magnitude of a complex number, human brain size, frequency deviation.", "16 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 30 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a magnitude, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "abnormally low value", "abnormally high value", "family size", "file size", "document length", "font size", "sensory threshold", "citation index", "genome size", "magnitude of a complex number", "human brain size", "frequency deviation" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 30 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 16 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one magnitude from another, and a magnitude from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a magnitude sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a magnitude from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a magnitude passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a magnitude between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a magnitude, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a magnitude is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What magnitude is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of magnitude are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is magnitude operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of magnitude and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of magnitude?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as magnitude?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a magnitude came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a magnitude and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a magnitude is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }