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Research draft

prostaglandins

vr.tr.prostaglandins · PHY.MAT

Let an agent explain prostaglandins and their biochemistry, relay physiological roles and drug uses in general terms from pharmacology references, describe how NSAIDs act on them, and route personal medication questions to clinicians.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain prostaglandins and their biochemistry, relay physiological roles and drug uses in general terms from pharmacology references, describe how NSAIDs act on them, and route personal medication questions to clinicians.

A group of lipid signalling compounds derived from arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase enzymes, built on the twenty-carbon prostanoic acid skeleton and including series such as PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 with derivatives such as glyceryl esters, that act locally as hormone-like mediators of inflammation, pain, fever, blood flow, platelet function, gastric protection, labour and many other processes; prostaglandin synthesis is blocked by aspirin and other NSAIDs, and synthetic prostaglandins are used as drugs in obstetrics, gastroenterology, ophthalmology and cardiology.

What it is for: Not applicable; a class of signalling lipids.

It can be explain biochemistry; relay physiological roles; describe drug uses and NSAIDs; route personal questions.

Distinguishing features

Local hormone action

Cyclooxygenase synthesis

Diverse receptors

NSAID target

What it looks like

Not a visible object; lipid molecules acting locally in tissues.

Physical character

carbon skeleton: 20 carbons - prostanoic acid

discovered: 1930s period - von Euler

Nobel Prize: 1982 year - Bergstrom, Samuelsson, Vane

How it is recognised

Cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids

PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, prostacyclin; synthetic prostaglandins

Thromboxanes and leukotrienes are related eicosanoids; prostanoids include prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

prostanoids

is a kind of - in registry terms

icosanoid

is synthesised by - from arachidonic acid

cyclooxygenase

is inhibited by - such as aspirin

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

In practice

Families and kinds

PGE series including PGE2

PGD series including PGD2

PGF series including PGF2 alpha

prostacyclin PGI2

PGA, PGB and other derivatives such as prostaglandin B1

glyceryl esters and other conjugates

synthetic prostaglandin drugs such as misoprostol, dinoprostone, latanoprost and epoprostenol

Identifiers

MeSH D011453 prostaglandins

ChEBI CHEBI:26333 prostaglandin

Standards and regulation

Drug regulation of synthetic prostaglandins

Clinical guidelines on NSAID use and prostaglandin drugs

IUPAC nomenclature for prostanoids

Failure modes and hazards

Agents giving personal medication advice

NSAID gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects

Confusing prostaglandins with other eicosanoids

Also called

prostanoic acid7-[2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-yl]heptanoic acidprostaglandin B1(1-)prostaglandin D2 2-glyceryl esterprostaglandin E2 2-glyceryl estersynthetic prostaglandinsprostaglandins J15(R)-Prostaglandin D27-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]heptanoic acid7-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-oxooct-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid7-[2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl]hept-5-enoic acidDinoprost methyl7-[2-(3-Hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl]hept-5-enoic acid7-[6-(3-Hydroperoxyoct-1-enyl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl]hept-5-enoic acidMethyl 7-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate7-[3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(3-oxooct-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid6alpha-Prostaglandin I119-hydroxy-PGB211beta-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha15-Methyl-15S-PGE215R-PGF2alpha18-Acetoxy-PGF2alpha-11-acetate19R-Hydroxy-PGA219R-Hydroxy-PGB22,3-Dinor-11b-PGF2alphaPGF1betaPGH2-EAPGI2-EA7-[2-(3-Hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid7-[2-(3-Hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoic acid7-[3-Hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(3-oxooct-1-enyl)cyclopentyl]heptanoic acid7-[2-(3-Hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]heptanoic acid7-[6-(3-Hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl]hept-5-enoic acid9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid7-[3-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyocta-1,5-dienyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid7-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A17-[2-(3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyloct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl]hept-5-enoic acid15-epi-TravoprostPropan-2-yl 7-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

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Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What prostaglandins are.

Science.

Definition

Definition and synthesis.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What are prostaglandins, and how are they made from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases? definition
  2. Is the question about prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes or a specific drug? boundary

Kinds

Series and receptors.

Kinds

Kinds.

  1. What are the main prostaglandin series and their receptors? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific prostaglandin? action
Biology Physiological roles.

Science.

Roles

Roles.

Roles

Roles.

  1. How do prostaglandins mediate inflammation, pain, fever, gastric protection, blood flow and labour? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

NSAIDs

NSAIDs.

NSAIDs

NSAIDs.

  1. How do aspirin and other NSAIDs act on prostaglandin synthesis, and what effects follow? provenance
  2. Is the user asking about their own medication, which needs a clinician or pharmacist? boundary
Medicine Drugs.

Clinical.

Drugs

Synthetic prostaglandins.

Drugs

Drugs.

  1. What synthetic prostaglandins are used in obstetrics, gastroenterology, ophthalmology and cardiology, in general terms? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance

Research

Research.

Research

Research.

  1. What research explores prostaglandins in cancer, cardiovascular disease and pain? provenance
  2. Which entry fits eicosanoid research? action
Context History.

Context.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How were prostaglandins discovered by von Euler and characterised by Bergstrom, Samuelsson and Vane? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of pharmacology? action

Nomenclature

Nomenclature.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature.

  1. How are prostaglandins named and numbered? provenance
  2. Which entry fits prostanoid nomenclature? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should PGE2 and prostacyclin be separate primary entries?
  • How should pharmacology references be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases with systematic names and esters; should they be split off?