{ "model": { "rank": 7448, "code": "thing-q210064", "model_id": "vr.tr.lighting", "name": "lighting", "purpose": "Let an agent explain lighting and its applications, relay design principles, standards and technologies from lighting engineering sources, describe specialised systems such as approach lighting, and distinguish lighting from light sources and from lighting in photography and film.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q210064/", "tier": 2, "score": 55, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "approach lighting system", "mobile light tower", "bicycle lighting", "street lighting", "aircraft lights", "Solar Garden Lights", "RGB lighting", "airport lighting", "illuminations", "top-left lighting", "licence plate lightung", "Blackout lights", "accent lighting", "cove lighting", "Köhler illumination", "scene lighting", "tritium illumination", "anidolic lighting", "chase light", "daylighting", "frontlight", "bisexual lighting", "backlight", "landscape lighting", "artificial lighting", "task lighting", "track lighting", "gas lighting", "passive daylighting" ], "aliasCount": 29, "merged": 29, "knownIn": 55, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.lighting", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q210064", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210064", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:27:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q210064", "registryId": "vr.tr.lighting", "name": "lighting", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q210064/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lighting", "name": "lighting", "purpose": "Let an agent explain lighting and its applications, relay design principles, standards and technologies from lighting engineering sources, describe specialised systems such as approach lighting, and distinguish lighting from light sources and from lighting in photography and film.", "definition": "The deliberate use of light to illuminate spaces, objects and routes, whether by daylight or artificial sources, for visibility, safety, work and effect, in applications from interior and architectural lighting to street lighting, bicycle and vehicle lighting, aircraft lights and airport approach lighting systems, mobile light towers for sites and events, stage lighting, and solar garden lights; lighting design balances quantity, quality, colour, glare and energy use, and is regulated for safety and efficiency.", "what_it_is_for": "Illuminating for visibility, safety and effect.", "affordances": [ "explain applications and principles", "relay standards and technologies", "describe specialised systems", "distinguish related senses" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Illuminance and quality", "Energy use", "Safety function", "Diverse applications" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; lamps, luminaires and lit environments.", "visual_identification": [ "Deliberate illumination", "Interior, street, bicycle, aircraft and approach lighting, light towers, solar garden lights", "A light source is the lamp; lighting in film and photography is a specialised craft" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "share of global electricity for lighting", "typical_range": "about 15", "unit": "percent", "note": "IEA estimates, falling with LEDs" }, { "quantity": "office illuminance", "typical_range": "about 500", "unit": "lux", "note": "EN 12464 typical" }, { "quantity": "LED efficacy", "typical_range": "over 150", "unit": "lm/W", "note": "best products" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "interior and architectural lighting", "street and outdoor lighting", "vehicle lighting including bicycle and aircraft lights", "aviation ground lighting such as approach lighting systems", "temporary lighting such as mobile light towers", "stage and entertainment lighting", "solar and off-grid lighting such as solar garden lights", "daylighting" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "energy transformation", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "light source", "why": "such as LEDs and lamps" }, { "relation": "is designed by", "target": "lighting design", "why": "as a discipline" }, { "relation": "is measured in", "target": "lux", "why": "for illuminance" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EN 12464 and IES lighting standards", "Road lighting standards such as EN 13201", "ICAO Annex 14 for aerodrome lighting", "Energy efficiency and ecodesign rules", "Vehicle lighting regulations" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Glare and light pollution", "Inadequate lighting causing accidents", "Energy waste", "Confusing lighting with light sources" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What lighting is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and principles.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is lighting, and what do illuminance, luminance, colour temperature and glare mean?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about lighting design, a light source or lighting in film?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "applications", "name": "Applications", "description": "Applications.", "findings": [ { "id": "applications-finding", "name": "Applications", "description": "Applications.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do interior, street, vehicle, aviation, stage and solar lighting differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific application?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Design and standards.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "standards", "name": "Standards", "description": "Standards.", "findings": [ { "id": "standards-finding", "name": "Standards", "description": "Standards.", "questions": [ { "text": "What standards set lighting levels for workplaces, roads and aerodromes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "technology", "name": "Technology", "description": "Technology.", "findings": [ { "id": "technology-finding", "name": "Technology", "description": "Technology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have LEDs and controls changed lighting efficiency and design?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits LED lighting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "special", "name": "Special", "description": "Specialised systems.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "aviation", "name": "Aviation", "description": "Aviation lighting.", "findings": [ { "id": "aviation-finding", "name": "Aviation", "description": "Aviation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do approach lighting systems and aircraft lights work under ICAO rules?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mobile", "name": "Mobile", "description": "Bicycle and mobile lighting.", "findings": [ { "id": "mobile-finding", "name": "Mobile", "description": "Mobile.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rules and technologies apply to bicycle lighting and mobile light towers?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits bicycle lighting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Impact and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Light pollution and health.", "findings": [ { "id": "impact-finding", "name": "Impact", "description": "Impact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the effects of lighting on ecology, night skies and human health, with research attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits light pollution?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did lighting develop from oil lamps and gas to electric and LED lighting?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of lighting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should street lighting and approach lighting system be separate primary entries?", "How should lighting standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specialised systems and products; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a lighting, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain lighting and its applications, relay design principles, standards and technologies from lighting engineering sources, describe specialised systems such as approach lighting, and distinguish lighting from light sources and from lighting in photography and film.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: approach lighting system, mobile light tower, bicycle lighting, street lighting, aircraft lights, Solar Garden Lights, RGB lighting, airport lighting, illuminations, top-left lighting, licence plate lightung, Blackout lights.", "29 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 55 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a lighting, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "approach lighting system", "mobile light tower", "bicycle lighting", "street lighting", "aircraft lights", "Solar Garden Lights", "RGB lighting", "airport lighting", "illuminations", "top-left lighting", "licence plate lightung", "Blackout lights" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 55 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 29 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one lighting from another, and a lighting from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a lighting sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a lighting from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a lighting passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a lighting between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a lighting, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a lighting is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a lighting proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a lighting, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a lighting and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a lighting consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a lighting takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What lighting is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of lighting are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is lighting operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of lighting and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of lighting?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as lighting?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a lighting came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a lighting and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a lighting is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a lighting, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a lighting, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a lighting is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }