{ "model": { "rank": 5339, "code": "thing-q211364", "model_id": "vr.tr.principle", "name": "principle", "purpose": "Let an agent handle principles by domain, formulation, status and application, distinguishing descriptive from normative principles.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q211364/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "lowest value principle", "legal maxim", "universal law", "design principle", "Regulamentation", "ethical principle", "principle of least privilege", "Law of Continuity", "Common load principle", "pillar", "Danson Johi", "cosmological principles", "rule of thumb", "reciprocity", "scientific principle", "distribution principle", "indiscernibility of identicals", "openness", "epigrammatic law", "Ekeland's variational principle", "package principles", "principles of freemasonry", "verificationism", "search neutrality", "journalistic objectivity", "common but differentiated responsibility", "FAIR Data Principles", "Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest", "impersonality principles", "country of origin principle", "programming principle", "matching principle", "principles of good governance", "Bermuda Principles", "first principle", "finders, keepers", "Aufbau principle", "Audi alteram partem", "principle of sufficient reason", "mathematical principle" ], "aliasCount": 68, "merged": 69, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.principle", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q211364", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211364", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T08:48:12Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q211364", "registryId": "vr.tr.principle", "name": "principle", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q211364/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.principle", "name": "principle", "purpose": "Let an agent handle principles by domain, formulation, status and application, distinguishing descriptive from normative principles.", "definition": "A fundamental rule, law or proposition that serves as the foundation for reasoning, behaviour or a system, such as ethical principles, legal maxims, scientific principles and design principles.", "what_it_is_for": "Guiding reasoning, decisions and design.", "affordances": [ "state a principle precisely", "apply principles to cases", "resolve conflicts between principles", "cite sources" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Foundational rule or proposition", "Normative or descriptive", "Can conflict with other principles", "Applied through judgement" ], "appearance": "Statements in texts, codes and theories.", "visual_identification": [ "Ethical, legal, scientific or design principles", "Legal maxims in Latin", "Principal (main person) is a different word" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "ethical principles", "legal principles and maxims", "scientific principles", "design principles", "accounting principles" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "rule", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "philosophy and law", "why": "fields" }, { "relation": "guides", "target": "decision", "why": "application" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "principal", "why": "homophone" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Legal general principles", "Professional ethics codes", "Accounting frameworks" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Vague statements", "Applying principles rigidly", "Confusing principle and principal" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "statement", "name": "Statement", "description": "Which principle.", "rationale": "Precision matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "formulation", "name": "Formulation", "description": "Wording.", "findings": [ { "id": "formulation-finding", "name": "Formulation", "description": "Formulation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exactly does the principle state?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "From which source?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "domain", "name": "Domain", "description": "Field.", "findings": [ { "id": "domain-finding", "name": "Domain", "description": "Domain.", "questions": [ { "text": "In which domain does it apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it normative or descriptive?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "application", "name": "Application", "description": "Using it.", "rationale": "Application needs judgement.", "layers": [ { "id": "cases", "name": "Cases", "description": "Examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "cases-finding", "name": "Cases", "description": "Application.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the principle apply to this case?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What precedents exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exceptions", "name": "Exceptions", "description": "Limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "exceptions-finding", "name": "Exceptions", "description": "Exceptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exceptions or limits apply?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who decides?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conflict", "name": "Conflict", "description": "Competing principles.", "rationale": "Principles can clash.", "layers": [ { "id": "balance", "name": "Balance", "description": "Weighing.", "findings": [ { "id": "balance-finding", "name": "Balance", "description": "Balancing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which principles conflict here?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How are they balanced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "views", "name": "Views", "description": "Positions.", "findings": [ { "id": "views-finding", "name": "Views", "description": "Positions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which positions exist on the conflict?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are they presented fairly?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Authority.", "rationale": "Status varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "binding", "name": "Binding", "description": "Legal force.", "findings": [ { "id": "binding-finding", "name": "Binding", "description": "Legal force.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the principle legally binding or guidance?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "In which jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence", "name": "Evidence", "description": "Scientific status.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-finding", "name": "Evidence", "description": "Scientific status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a scientific principle well established?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What evidence supports it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should principle domains be separate entries?", "How should conflicts be represented?", "How should maxims be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a principle, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle principles by domain, formulation, status and application, distinguishing descriptive from normative principles.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: lowest value principle, legal maxim, universal law, design principle, Regulamentation, ethical principle, principle of least privilege, Law of Continuity, Common load principle, pillar, Danson Johi, cosmological principles.", "69 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a principle, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "lowest value principle", "legal maxim", "universal law", "design principle", "Regulamentation", "ethical principle", "principle of least privilege", "Law of Continuity", "Common load principle", "pillar", "Danson Johi", "cosmological principles" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 69 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one principle from another, and a principle from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a principle sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a principle from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a principle passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a principle between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a principle, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a principle is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a principle says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a principle contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a principle and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What principle studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does principle take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does principle establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where principle is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark principle as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place principle, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a principle came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a principle and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a principle is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a principle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a principle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a principle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }