{ "model": { "rank": 10940, "code": "thing-q211675", "model_id": "vr.tr.genetic-recombination", "name": "genetic recombination", "purpose": "Let an agent explain genetic recombination by type and mechanism, its role in inheritance, immunity and evolution, and its use in research and biotechnology.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q211675/", "tier": 2, "score": 43, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "gene conversion at mating-type locus", "V(D)J recombination", "RNA recombination", "homologous recombination", "gene fusion", "site-specific recombination", "immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination", "T cell receptor V(D)J recombination", "reciprocal homologous recombination", "gene conversion", "meiotic gene conversion", "gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes", "long tract gene conversion", "short tract gene conversion" ], "aliasCount": 14, "merged": 14, "knownIn": 43, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q211675", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211675", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:45:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q211675", "registryId": "vr.tr.genetic-recombination", "name": "genetic recombination", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q211675/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.genetic-recombination", "name": "genetic recombination", "purpose": "Let an agent explain genetic recombination by type and mechanism, its role in inheritance, immunity and evolution, and its use in research and biotechnology.", "definition": "The exchange or rearrangement of genetic material between DNA molecules, producing new combinations of alleles, including homologous recombination during meiosis and DNA repair, site-specific recombination, V(D)J recombination that generates antibody diversity, and gene conversion; recombination drives genetic variation and is a core tool in genetics and biotechnology.", "what_it_is_for": "Genetic variation, repair and biotechnology.", "affordances": [ "explain recombination mechanisms", "relate recombination to inheritance and mapping", "explain V(D)J recombination and immunity", "describe uses in genetic engineering" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Exchange of genetic material", "Homologous or site-specific", "Generates diversity", "Used in biotechnology" ], "appearance": "Not visible; molecular events inferred from genetics and shown in diagrams.", "visual_identification": [ "Crossing over in meiosis", "New allele combinations in offspring", "Mutation changes sequence without exchange" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "homologous recombination", "site-specific recombination", "V(D)J recombination", "gene conversion", "RNA recombination in viruses" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "biological process", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "DNA repair", "why": "shared mechanisms" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "restriction enzyme", "why": "recombinant DNA tools" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "inbred strain", "why": "recombinant inbred strains" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "Gene Ontology", "value_or_pattern": "GO:0006310 DNA recombination", "note": "ontology" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Regulations on genetically modified organisms", "Biosafety rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing recombination with mutation", "Oversimplifying mechanisms", "Regulatory breaches in engineering" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "mechanism", "name": "Mechanism", "description": "How it works.", "rationale": "Types and steps.", "layers": [ { "id": "homologous", "name": "Homologous", "description": "Homologous recombination.", "findings": [ { "id": "homologous-finding", "name": "Homologous", "description": "Homologous recombination.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does homologous recombination proceed, and which proteins are involved?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it differ in meiosis and repair?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "specific", "name": "Specific", "description": "Site-specific and V(D)J.", "findings": [ { "id": "specific-finding", "name": "Specific", "description": "Site-specific.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do site-specific and V(D)J recombination work, and what do they achieve?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does V(D)J generate antibody diversity?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "genetics", "name": "Genetics", "description": "Inheritance.", "rationale": "Mapping and variation.", "layers": [ { "id": "mapping", "name": "Mapping", "description": "Linkage and mapping.", "findings": [ { "id": "mapping-finding", "name": "Mapping", "description": "Mapping.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are recombination frequencies used to map genes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What is a centimorgan?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evolution", "name": "Evolution", "description": "Role in evolution.", "findings": [ { "id": "evolution-finding", "name": "Evolution", "description": "Evolution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why does recombination matter for evolution and sex, according to theory?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How does it vary across the genome?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "applications", "name": "Applications", "description": "Biotechnology.", "rationale": "Recombination as a tool.", "layers": [ { "id": "engineering", "name": "Engineering", "description": "Recombinant DNA.", "findings": [ { "id": "engineering-finding", "name": "Engineering", "description": "Recombinant DNA.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is recombination used in gene targeting, recombinase systems and genome editing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which regulations apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "viruses", "name": "Viruses", "description": "Viral recombination.", "findings": [ { "id": "viruses-finding", "name": "Viruses", "description": "Viral recombination.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does RNA recombination generate new viral strains?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Why does it matter for surveillance?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Study.", "rationale": "Resources exist.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Discovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "Discovery.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was recombination discovered, and who was recognised?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which experiments were key?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can recombination be taught with models and problems?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each recombination type be a separate entry?", "How should mapping resources be linked?", "How should GMO rules be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a genetic recombination, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain genetic recombination by type and mechanism, its role in inheritance, immunity and evolution, and its use in research and biotechnology.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: gene conversion at mating-type locus, V(D)J recombination, RNA recombination, homologous recombination, gene fusion, site-specific recombination, immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination, T cell receptor V(D)J recombination, reciprocal homologous recombination, gene conversion, meiotic gene conversion, gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes.", "14 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 43 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a genetic recombination, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "gene conversion at mating-type locus", "V(D)J recombination", "RNA recombination", "homologous recombination", "gene fusion", "site-specific recombination", "immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination", "T cell receptor V(D)J recombination", "reciprocal homologous recombination", "gene conversion", "meiotic gene conversion", "gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 43 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 14 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one genetic recombination from another, and a genetic recombination from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a genetic recombination sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a genetic recombination from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a genetic recombination passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a genetic recombination between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a genetic recombination, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a genetic recombination is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a genetic recombination proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a genetic recombination, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a genetic recombination and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a genetic recombination consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a genetic recombination takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What genetic recombination is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of genetic recombination are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is genetic recombination operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of genetic recombination and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of genetic recombination?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as genetic recombination?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a genetic recombination came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a genetic recombination and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a genetic recombination is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a genetic recombination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a genetic recombination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a genetic recombination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }