{ "model": { "rank": 6654, "code": "thing-q211690", "model_id": "vr.tr.london-borough", "name": "London borough", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a London borough, interpret its territorial and administrative state, and determine which authorities and evidence apply to a location or proposed action.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q211690/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q211690", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211690", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:13:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08871-61c4-73c3-bbcb-8f34a845c72c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: London borough\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.PLC\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 62.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08871-61d2-7112-b84b-8269f109f6ac\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: London borough\nRegistry id: vr.tr.london-borough\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.PLC\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q211690", "registryId": "vr.tr.london-borough", "name": "London borough", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.PLC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q211690/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.london-borough", "name": "London borough", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a London borough, interpret its territorial and administrative state, and determine which authorities and evidence apply to a location or proposed action.", "definition": "A London borough is one of the 32 local government districts established in 1965 that, together with the separately governed City of London, constitute Greater London.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the London borough as a registered territorial unit, including its designation, extent, administrative relationships and changes over time; it links to separate models for its council, communities and constituent places.", "in_scope": [ "Borough identity, official names, identifiers and designation evidence", "Territorial extent, boundary provenance and spatial reference systems", "Relationships to Greater London, neighbouring boroughs and constituent electoral areas", "Links to responsible authorities for specified functions and dates", "Borough-level observations and historical territorial continuity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The borough council's internal organisation, staffing, finances and procedures", "Individual residents, households and community identities", "Neighbourhoods, settlements and postal areas as independently identified places", "Individual buildings, infrastructure assets and land ownership", "Detailed planning, licensing or service-delivery decisions", "Greater London government and the City of London as separately modelled entities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Recognition requires evidence identifying the territory as a London borough; a London address or familiar district name is insufficient.", "The territorial borough must be distinguished from the council that governs it, even when their names overlap.", "Its administrative boundary must be distinguished from postal coverage, neighbourhood boundaries and the built-up urban area.", "The City of London must not be treated as a London borough merely because a dataset groups it with boroughs.", "Royal or city styling must be recorded separately from the evidence establishing London borough status." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Registered identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Registry identifier vr.tr.london-borough for the kind; authority-issued codes and gazetteer identifiers for instances", "why_it_matters": "Separates the registered kind from named borough instances and supports reliable cross-dataset matching." }, { "name": "Official name and styling", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Source-attested name, language, naming role, formal styling and validity dates", "why_it_matters": "Prevents abbreviated, ceremonial and council names from silently becoming separate territories." }, { "name": "Designation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, in force, superseded or unresolved, with effective date and supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an operative borough from a proposal or historical predecessor." }, { "name": "Boundary representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Geometry type, coordinate reference system, publisher, release, effective date and generalisation level", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a boundary is suitable for a particular location or extent judgment." }, { "name": "Territorial area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Square kilometres, with geometry version, calculation method and land or water inclusion rule", "why_it_matters": "Makes area comparisons interpretable and prevents incompatible extent measures from being mixed." }, { "name": "Administrative relationships", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Containing territory, adjacent borough, constituent ward and related council, each time-qualified", "why_it_matters": "Supports navigation without confusing containment, adjacency and governance." }, { "name": "Function-specific authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Function, responsible body, territorial coverage, effective dates and authority evidence", "why_it_matters": "A borough location alone does not establish which organisation can perform or authorise an action." }, { "name": "Resident population observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons, with reference date, population definition, statistical method and boundary vintage", "why_it_matters": "Supports borough-level assessment while keeping population distinct from territorial identity." }, { "name": "Historical continuity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Predecessor, successor, renamed from or boundary-adjusted from, with dated evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents historical observations from being assigned to a present-day territory without checking comparability." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a borough name or external identifier to a dated territorial identity.", "Test whether a location falls within a specified borough boundary and flag uncertainty near its edge.", "Identify candidate authorities for a proposed action using function-specific responsibility evidence.", "Compare borough observations only after checking dates, definitions and territorial coverage.", "Trace a historical address or observation through borough renamings and boundary changes.", "Explain why a postal area, neighbourhood, council or City of London record is not interchangeable with a London borough." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "borough-identity-and-designation", "name": "Borough identity and designation", "description": "Establishes which territory is being identified and why it qualifies as a London borough.", "rationale": "London place names, council names and formal styles can overlap without denoting the same kind of entity.", "layers": [ { "id": "names-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "Connects an instance to attested names and identifiers without merging related entities.", "findings": [ { "id": "territorial-name-resolution", "name": "Territorial name resolution", "description": "Record which names and codes denote the borough territory and which denote its council or a constituent place.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which official names, alternative names and identifiers refer to this borough territory, and for which dates?", "kind": "definition", "id": "territorial-name-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which publishing authority or gazetteer supports each identifier and name-to-territory match?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "territorial-name-resolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "designation-and-styling", "name": "Designation and styling", "description": "Separates borough status from honorary, royal or city styling and dataset groupings.", "findings": [ { "id": "borough-status-evidence", "name": "Borough status evidence", "description": "Require dated evidence of London borough designation rather than inferring it from a label containing London or borough.", "questions": [ { "text": "What authoritative record establishes this territory's London borough status and its effective period?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "borough-status-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does a royal or city style affect the territorial designation, or only how this borough is named?", "kind": "definition", "id": "borough-status-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "borough-extent-and-location", "name": "Borough extent and location", "description": "Makes territorial judgments reproducible using dated, attributable boundary representations.", "rationale": "Administrative limits cannot safely be inferred from visible urban form, postal addresses or neighbourhood names.", "layers": [ { "id": "boundary-authority-and-geometry", "name": "Boundary authority and geometry", "description": "Distinguishes evidence establishing a boundary from the geometry used to represent it.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-borough-boundary", "name": "Traceable borough boundary", "description": "Record the boundary's establishing authority, geometry publisher, coordinate reference system and relevant dates.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instrument or authoritative record establishes the boundary, and which dataset represents it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-borough-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What coordinate reference system, precision, effective date and generalisation level apply to the geometry?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-borough-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "edge-cases-and-spatial-tests", "name": "Edge cases and spatial tests", "description": "Handles locations close to a borough edge, including riverfront sites and properties spanning boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-location-membership", "name": "Qualified location membership", "description": "Express borough membership against an explicit location representation and boundary version.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the judgment concern an address point, entrance, building footprint or land parcel, and can that feature cross the borough boundary?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-location-membership-q01" }, { "text": "What further evidence is required before assigning a boundary-adjacent or cross-boundary site to a borough for the intended action?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-location-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "london-administrative-relationships", "name": "London administrative relationships", "description": "Locates the borough within London's territorial and governance arrangements.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish borough containment from overlapping service coverage and responsibilities exercised by different bodies.", "layers": [ { "id": "territorial-containment-and-overlap", "name": "Territorial containment and overlap", "description": "Connects the borough to Greater London, wards and neighbouring territories while qualifying other geographic overlaps.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-geographic-relationships", "name": "Dated geographic relationships", "description": "Record containment and overlap explicitly rather than assuming every London geography nests within boroughs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which wards constitute this borough at the relevant date, and what evidence establishes their boundaries?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dated-geographic-relationships-q01" }, { "text": "How does this borough relate spatially to Greater London, neighbouring boroughs, parliamentary constituencies and postal areas?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dated-geographic-relationships-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "council-and-functional-authorities", "name": "Council and functional authorities", "description": "Links the territory to its council and other bodies responsible for particular functions.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility-routing", "name": "Responsibility routing", "description": "Identify responsibility by function, location and date, including shared or specially designated arrangements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which council governs this borough, and which authoritative sources establish responsibility for the requested function?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "responsibility-routing-q01" }, { "text": "For the proposed planning, transport, housing or waste-related action, which body has responsibility at this location and date?", "kind": "action", "id": "responsibility-routing-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "borough-observations-and-comparison", "name": "Borough observations and comparison", "description": "Qualifies measurements used to describe the borough's population and physical extent.", "rationale": "Borough statistics can refer to different population concepts, boundary vintages and classification systems.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-and-territorial-measures", "name": "Population and territorial measures", "description": "Attaches measurement definitions and territorial coverage to borough-level observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-population-and-area", "name": "Comparable population and area", "description": "Require aligned coverage before combining population and area or comparing boroughs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the population observation count usual residents, daytime occupants or another defined population, and at what reference date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-population-and-area-q01" }, { "text": "Do population and area use compatible borough boundaries, and how are water surfaces treated when calculating density?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-population-and-area-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "london-comparison-groups", "name": "London comparison groups", "description": "Makes the membership and purpose of borough comparison groups explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-comparison-universe", "name": "Declared comparison universe", "description": "Record the source's classification of London territories before interpreting rankings or aggregates.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source defines any Inner London or Outer London classification used, and which territories does that classification include?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-comparison-universe-q01" }, { "text": "Does the comparison include the City of London alongside boroughs, and how must that inclusion be represented without changing entity types?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-comparison-universe-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "borough-change-and-continuity", "name": "Borough change and continuity", "description": "Tracks designation, naming and territorial changes while preserving the meaning of historical records.", "rationale": "A familiar borough name can conceal changes in extent, while predecessor areas may belong to different administrative categories.", "layers": [ { "id": "change-events-and-effective-dates", "name": "Change events and effective dates", "description": "Separates proposals and publication dates from changes that have taken effect.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-territorial-change", "name": "Evidenced territorial change", "description": "Represent each change with its type, establishing evidence and operative date.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the event a borough creation, renaming, boundary adjustment or alteration to constituent wards?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evidenced-territorial-change-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative record establishes the change, and when did it take effect rather than merely being proposed or published?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-territorial-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical-crosswalks", "name": "Historical crosswalks", "description": "Links earlier territories and observations to later borough geography without assuming equivalence.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-predecessor-mapping", "name": "Qualified predecessor mapping", "description": "Distinguish identity continuity from partial spatial overlap with predecessor administrative areas.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which predecessor territories contributed land to this borough, and was each relationship complete or partial?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-predecessor-mapping-q01" }, { "text": "Can the historical observation be transferred using an authoritative crosswalk, or must its original geography and uncertainty be retained?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-predecessor-mapping-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge; no sources were consulted.", "Check current boundary editions, identifier assignments and applicable legislation before operational use.", "The area range is approximate; precise measurements depend on boundary vintage, coordinate reference system and treatment of water." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Inner London borough", "Outer London borough" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Government Statistical Service (GSS) geography codes", "value_or_pattern": "E09 followed by six digits", "note": "Identifies borough-level statistical geography; the City of London also uses this prefix, so the prefix alone does not establish London borough status." }, { "scheme": "ISO 3166-2:GB", "value_or_pattern": "GB- followed by a three-letter subdivision code", "note": "Identifies individual boroughs as UK subdivisions; this pattern is also used for other UK subdivision types." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "London Government Act 1963 - UK Parliament; established the framework for the London boroughs that came into operation in 1965.", "Greater London Authority Act 1999 - UK Parliament; established the Greater London Authority and the framework for London-wide governance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Defining the territory served by a borough council.", "Organising local services such as waste collection, housing and social care.", "Administering local planning and development decisions.", "Reporting demographic, housing and economic statistics.", "Structuring local elections through electoral wards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Administrative area", "typical_range": "Approximately 12-150 across the 32 boroughs", "unit": "km²" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusing the borough territory with its council as a legal and administrative organisation.", "Counting the City of London as one of the 32 London boroughs.", "Treating postal addresses, postcode areas or neighbourhood names as authoritative borough boundaries.", "Combining statistics and boundary datasets from different dates without checking compatibility.", "Treating administrative boundaries as physical features observable on the ground." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Inner and Outer London are established groupings, but their membership can differ between administrative and statistical definitions.", "Some boroughs have royal borough or city status; these distinctions do not create an additional tier of local government.", "Boroughs differ substantially in area, density and urban form, including dense central districts and extensive suburban areas." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "London borough council", "difference": "The council is the governing organisation; the borough is the territorial district." }, { "name": "City of London", "difference": "It is a separate local government area within Greater London, governed by the City of London Corporation, rather than a London borough." }, { "name": "Greater London", "difference": "Greater London contains all 32 London boroughs and the City of London." }, { "name": "Electoral ward", "difference": "A ward is an electoral subdivision within a borough." }, { "name": "London neighbourhood", "difference": "A neighbourhood is a locality whose customary extent may be informal and may cross borough boundaries." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of London borough this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative designation register and identifier system should anchor borough instance identity across time?", "Which boundary products provide suitable precision for address, parcel and river-boundary judgments, and how should conflicting representations be resolved?", "Which function-specific exceptions or shared governance arrangements require explicit territorial coverage beyond the borough-to-council relationship?", "Which Inner London and Outer London classifications are needed for intended uses, and how do their memberships and validity periods differ?", "How far back must predecessor mappings extend, and which authoritative crosswalks support comparisons across borough boundary changes?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a London borough, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify a London borough, interpret its territorial and administrative state, and determine which authorities and evidence apply to a location or proposed action.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a London borough, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one London borough from another, and a London borough from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a London borough sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a London borough from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a London borough is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a London borough is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a London borough is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a London borough is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a London borough is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a London borough is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a London borough passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a London borough between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a London borough, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a London borough is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a London borough and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a London borough is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a London borough performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a London borough.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a London borough at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where London borough is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes London borough, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is London borough known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What London borough sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain London borough, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use London borough, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a London borough came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a London borough and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a London borough is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a London borough, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a London borough, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a London borough is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }