{ "model": { "rank": 1378, "code": "thing-q21200", "model_id": "vr.tr.germanic-languages", "name": "Germanic languages", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Germanic language family and its branches, describe its history and characteristic features, support comparison between Germanic languages, and provide sourced classification.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q21200/", "tier": 2, "score": 151, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "North Germanic", "East Germanic", "Northwest Germanic", "Old Germanic", "Paleo-Germanic", "Germanic Parent Language", "West Germanic languages", "Proto-Germanic", "Sarrois", "Scandinavian languages", "Proto-Norse", "Svorsk", "Dano-Norwegian", "Modern Norwegian", "Gepidian", "Vandalic", "Burgundian", "South Germanic", "Low German languages", "Proto-West Germanic", "Yenish", "Weser-Rhine Germanic", "North Sea Germanic", "Lombardic", "Elbe Germanic", "High German", "Anglo-Frisian", "German-Dutch languages", "High Franconian German", "Proto-North Sea Germanic", "Proto-Frisian", "Suebian", "Texas German", "Early New High German", "Upper German", "Standard High German", "New High German", "Central German", "Middle High German", "Proto-Anglo-Frisian" ], "aliasCount": 62, "merged": 62, "knownIn": 151, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q21200", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21200", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T22:51:39Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q21200", "registryId": "vr.tr.germanic-languages", "name": "Germanic languages", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q21200/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.germanic-languages", "name": "Germanic languages", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Germanic language family and its branches, describe its history and characteristic features, support comparison between Germanic languages, and provide sourced classification.", "definition": "A branch of the Indo-European language family descended from Proto-Germanic, divided into North Germanic languages such as Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic, West Germanic languages such as English, German, Dutch and Frisian, and the extinct East Germanic languages such as Gothic, spoken today by over five hundred million native speakers; the family is characterised by sound shifts and shared vocabulary.", "what_it_is_for": "A family of related languages.", "affordances": [ "explain the family and its branches", "describe history and features", "compare Germanic languages", "provide classification with sources" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Proto-Germanic origin", "Grimm and Verner sound shifts", "Three branches", "Global spread through English" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a group of languages.", "visual_identification": [ "Descended from Proto-Germanic", "North, West and East branches", "Romance and Slavic are other Indo-European branches" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "North Germanic languages", "West Germanic languages", "East Germanic languages (extinct)", "historical stages such as Old Germanic languages", "Proto-Germanic reconstruction" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Indo-European", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "Swedish", "why": "a North Germanic language" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Slavs", "why": "speakers of a neighbouring branch" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "alphabet", "why": "runic and Latin scripts" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Linguistic classification conventions", "ISO 639 language codes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing Germanic with German", "Outdated subgrouping claims", "Misuse of linguistic terms for ethnic claims" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "classify", "name": "Classify", "description": "The family tree.", "rationale": "Classification.", "layers": [ { "id": "branches", "name": "Branches", "description": "Branches and members.", "findings": [ { "id": "branches-finding", "name": "Branches", "description": "Branches.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which languages belong to the North, West and East Germanic branches, and how are they subgrouped?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific language?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "Germanic versus German.", "findings": [ { "id": "concept-finding", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the Germanic language family differ from the German language and from Germanic peoples?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the linguistic sense meant?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "features", "name": "Features", "description": "Characteristic features.", "rationale": "Linguistics.", "layers": [ { "id": "sounds", "name": "Sounds", "description": "Sound shifts.", "findings": [ { "id": "sounds-finding", "name": "Sounds", "description": "Sound shifts.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are Grimm and Verner laws, and how do they define the Germanic branch?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What other shared features exist, such as stress and verb classes?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparing languages.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How similar are these two Germanic languages, and how mutually intelligible are they?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which shared vocabulary reveals the relationship?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of the family.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "origins", "name": "Origins", "description": "Proto-Germanic and early stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "origins-finding", "name": "Origins", "description": "Origins.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about Proto-Germanic and the earliest Germanic languages, according to historical linguists?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What are the oldest attestations, such as runic inscriptions and Gothic?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spread", "name": "Spread", "description": "Spread and change.", "findings": [ { "id": "spread-finding", "name": "Spread", "description": "Spread.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Germanic languages spread and diversify, including the global spread of English?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which debates about subgrouping exist, with positions attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Study and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching the family.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can the Germanic language family be taught with cognates and sound laws?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "resources", "name": "Resources", "description": "Resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "resources-finding", "name": "Resources", "description": "Resources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference works and databases document Germanic languages?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Indo-European generally?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each branch be a separate entry?", "How should classification databases be linked?", "How should historical stages be modelled?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Germanic languages, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Germanic language family and its branches, describe its history and characteristic features, support comparison between Germanic languages, and provide sourced classification.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: North Germanic, East Germanic, Northwest Germanic, Old Germanic, Paleo-Germanic, Germanic Parent Language, West Germanic languages, Proto-Germanic, Sarrois, Scandinavian languages, Proto-Norse, Svorsk.", "62 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 151 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Germanic languages, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "North Germanic", "East Germanic", "Northwest Germanic", "Old Germanic", "Paleo-Germanic", "Germanic Parent Language", "West Germanic languages", "Proto-Germanic", "Sarrois", "Scandinavian languages", "Proto-Norse", "Svorsk" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 151 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 62 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Germanic languages from another, and a Germanic languages from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Germanic languages sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Germanic languages from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Germanic languages passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Germanic languages between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Germanic languages, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Germanic languages is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Germanic languages says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Germanic languages contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Germanic languages and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Germanic languages a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Germanic languages, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Germanic languages exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Germanic languages and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Germanic languages, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Germanic languages, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Germanic languages came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Germanic languages and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Germanic languages is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Germanic languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Germanic languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Germanic languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }