Membranophone
Let an agent explain membranophones, relay classification, construction, playing techniques and cultural traditions from organology and ethnomusicology sources, describe the named instruments, and distinguish membranophones from idiophones, chordophones, aerophones, electrophones and electronic drum pads.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain membranophones, relay classification, construction, playing techniques and cultural traditions from organology and ethnomusicology sources, describe the named instruments, and distinguish membranophones from idiophones, chordophones, aerophones, electrophones and electronic drum pads.
A musical instrument that produces sound mainly by a vibrating stretched membrane, class 2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of 1914, including struck drums such as the Indian and Punjabi dhol, the Japanese shime-daiko with a rope- or bolt-tensioned head and the nagado-daiko with a long barrel body, frame drums such as the pandereta plenera used in Puerto Rican plena, the ndungu, a drum from Central Africa, and friction drums such as the cuica and zambomba, where rubbing a stick or cord sets the membrane vibrating, as well as singing membranes such as the kazoo. Drums are central to many musical, ritual and communication traditions.
What it is for: Producing sound by vibrating membranes.
It can be explain classification; relay construction and techniques; describe named instruments; distinguish other instrument classes.
Distinguishing features
Stretched membrane
Struck, rubbed or sung
Tension-tuned
Global traditions
What it looks like
Drums with skins or synthetic heads stretched over frames, bowls or barrels.
Physical character
Hornbostel-Sachs class: 2 code - membranophones
classification published: 1914 year
head materials: animal skin or synthetic film note
How it is recognised
Instrument sounding by a stretched membrane
Shime-daiko, friction drum, ndungu, pandereta plenera, nagado-daiko, dhol
Idiophones vibrate their own body; chordophones use strings; aerophones use air; electrophones use electricity; drum pads trigger electronic sounds
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is classified by -
includes -
is contrasted with -
In practice
Families and kinds
struck drums
frame drums
friction drums
singing membranes
kettle and tubular drums
Standards and regulation
CITES rules for instruments with protected animal skins
Failure modes and hazards
Hearing damage from loud drumming
Protected species skins in trade
Misclassifying instruments
Also called
+37
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What a membranophone is.
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a membranophone, and how does it differ from idiophones, chordophones, aerophones, electrophones and drum pads? definition
- Is the question about playing, classification, buying instruments with animal skins or culture? boundary
Instruments
Named instruments.
Instruments
Instruments.
- What are shime-daiko, nagado-daiko, dhol, pandereta plenera, ndungu and friction drums? definition
- Which entry fits the specific instrument? action
Organology Classification.
Sources.
Hornbostel-Sachs
Classification system.
Hornbostel-Sachs
Hornbostel-Sachs.
- How does Hornbostel-Sachs subdivide membranophones? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Acoustics
Membrane acoustics.
Acoustics
Acoustics.
- How do membrane modes and tension shape drum sound? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Traditions Traditions.
Attribution.
Taiko
Japanese taiko.
Taiko
Taiko.
- How are shime-daiko and nagado-daiko used in Japanese music and festivals? provenance
- Which entry fits taiko? action
Plena
Puerto Rican plena.
Plena
Plena.
- What role do panderetas play in plena music? provenance
- Which entry fits plena? action
Context Materials and safety.
Regulation.
Skins
Animal skins.
Skins
Skins.
- What rules apply to instruments made with protected species skins, checked against current CITES listings? provenance
- Is the information current? boundary
Friction drums
Friction drums.
Friction drums
Friction drums.
- How do friction drums such as the cuica produce sound? provenance
- Which entry fits cuica? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should the named drums be separate entries?
- The registry alias ndungu should be verified for origin
- How should organology references be linked?