{ "model": { "rank": 11356, "code": "thing-q212903", "model_id": "vr.tr.katabatic-wind", "name": "katabatic wind", "purpose": "Let an agent explain katabatic winds, relay mechanism, types, named local winds and hazards from meteorology sources, describe the named winds, route severe wind warnings, and distinguish katabatic winds from anabatic upslope winds, foehn winds, gap winds and general prevailing winds.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q212903/", "tier": 2, "score": 42, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Ibuki oroshi", "Yatsugatake oroshi", "Hira oroshi", "Bohemian Wind", "karakkaze", "Yamaji-kaze", "Piteraq", "Berg wind", "oroshi", "mountain breeze", "Rokkō oroshi", "Hirodo-kaze" ], "aliasCount": 12, "merged": 12, "knownIn": 42, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q212903", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212903", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:54:21Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q212903", "registryId": "vr.tr.katabatic-wind", "name": "katabatic wind", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q212903/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.katabatic-wind", "name": "katabatic wind", "purpose": "Let an agent explain katabatic winds, relay mechanism, types, named local winds and hazards from meteorology sources, describe the named winds, route severe wind warnings, and distinguish katabatic winds from anabatic upslope winds, foehn winds, gap winds and general prevailing winds.", "definition": "A wind that blows down a slope under gravity as dense, cooler air drains downhill, ranging from gentle mountain and valley breezes to violent cold outbursts; forms include foehn-type warming winds and cold varieties, and the registry aliases name Japanese local downslope winds called oroshi, such as the Ibuki, Yatsugatake, Hira and Yamaji winds, the karakkaze dry winter wind, and the Bohemian Wind of Central Europe, which are named local winds. Extreme katabatic winds, as in Antarctica, can reach very high speeds and pose hazards, so weather warnings should be followed.", "what_it_is_for": "Local downslope winds driven by gravity.", "affordances": [ "explain mechanism", "relay types", "describe named local winds", "route severe wind warnings" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Downslope flow", "Gravity-driven", "Local names", "Can be extreme" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; felt as downhill winds, sometimes with dust or drifting snow.", "visual_identification": [ "Downslope gravity-driven wind", "Ibuki oroshi, Yatsugatake oroshi, Hira oroshi, Bohemian Wind, karakkaze, Yamaji-kaze", "Anabatic winds blow upslope; foehn winds are warm and dry lee winds; gap winds funnel through passes; prevailing winds are large-scale" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Antarctic katabatic speeds", "typical_range": "can exceed 300 km/h in places", "unit": "note", "note": "as reported" }, { "quantity": "driver", "typical_range": "gravity drainage of dense air", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "registry parent", "typical_range": "fall wind", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "cold katabatic winds", "foehn-type warm winds", "glacier and ice-sheet winds", "named local oroshi winds" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "fall wind", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "anabatic wind", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "foehn wind", "why": "" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "oroshi", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Meteorological warning systems" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Extreme wind hazards", "Fire spread by dry downslope winds", "Aviation turbulence" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a katabatic wind is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there a severe wind warning, in which case follow official guidance and avoid exposed areas?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is a katabatic wind, and how does it differ from anabatic winds, foehn winds, gap winds and prevailing winds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "winds", "name": "Winds", "description": "Named local winds.", "findings": [ { "id": "winds-finding", "name": "Winds", "description": "Winds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the oroshi winds, karakkaze and the Bohemian Wind?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific wind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanism", "name": "Mechanism", "description": "Mechanism.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "drainage", "name": "Drainage", "description": "Cold air drainage.", "findings": [ { "id": "drainage-finding", "name": "Drainage", "description": "Drainage.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does dense cool air drain downhill to form katabatic winds?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "warm", "name": "Warm winds", "description": "Foehn-type winds.", "findings": [ { "id": "warm-finding", "name": "Warm winds", "description": "Warm winds.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do warm downslope winds such as foehn and chinook form?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "examples", "name": "Examples", "description": "Examples.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "antarctica", "name": "Antarctica", "description": "Polar katabatic winds.", "findings": [ { "id": "antarctica-finding", "name": "Antarctica", "description": "Antarctica.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why are Antarctic katabatic winds so strong?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Antarctic katabatic winds?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "japan", "name": "Japan", "description": "Oroshi winds.", "findings": [ { "id": "japan-finding", "name": "Japan", "description": "Japan.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are Japanese oroshi winds such as the Ibuki oroshi?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information accurate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Hazards.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "fire", "name": "Fire", "description": "Wind-driven fire.", "findings": [ { "id": "fire-finding", "name": "Fire", "description": "Fire.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do dry downslope winds worsen wildfires, as agencies report?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy", "name": "Energy", "description": "Wind energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "energy-finding", "name": "Energy", "description": "Energy.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are strong local winds relevant to wind energy siting?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should named local winds be separate entries?", "How should foehn and katabatic winds be distinguished in the registry?", "How should wind climatologies be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a katabatic wind, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain katabatic winds, relay mechanism, types, named local winds and hazards from meteorology sources, describe the named winds, route severe wind warnings, and distinguish katabatic winds from anabatic upslope winds, foehn winds, gap winds and general prevailing winds.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Ibuki oroshi, Yatsugatake oroshi, Hira oroshi, Bohemian Wind, karakkaze, Yamaji-kaze, Piteraq, Berg wind, oroshi, mountain breeze, Rokkō oroshi, Hirodo-kaze.", "12 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 42 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a katabatic wind, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Ibuki oroshi", "Yatsugatake oroshi", "Hira oroshi", "Bohemian Wind", "karakkaze", "Yamaji-kaze", "Piteraq", "Berg wind", "oroshi", "mountain breeze", "Rokkō oroshi", "Hirodo-kaze" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 42 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 12 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one katabatic wind from another, and a katabatic wind from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a katabatic wind sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a katabatic wind from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a katabatic wind passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a katabatic wind between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a katabatic wind, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a katabatic wind is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a katabatic wind proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a katabatic wind, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a katabatic wind and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a katabatic wind consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a katabatic wind takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What katabatic wind is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of katabatic wind are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is katabatic wind operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of katabatic wind and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of katabatic wind?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as katabatic wind?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a katabatic wind came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a katabatic wind and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a katabatic wind is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a katabatic wind, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a katabatic wind, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a katabatic wind is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }