{ "model": { "rank": 10666, "code": "thing-q213410", "model_id": "vr.tr.polyploidy", "name": "polyploidy", "purpose": "Let an agent explain polyploidy and its kinds, relay its role in plant evolution and agriculture, describe occurrence in animals and consequences in humans in general terms, and distinguish polyploidy from aneuploidy.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q213410/", "tier": 2, "score": 44, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "neopolyploidy", "heptaploidy", "diploid-triploid mosaicism", "pentaploidy", "allopolyploidy", "octoploidy", "paleopolyploidy", "hexaploidy", "amphidiploidy", "tetraploidy", "triploidy", "amphipolyploidy", "autopolyploidy", "endopolyploidy", "allotetraploidy", "auto-alloploidy", "autotriploidy" ], "aliasCount": 17, "merged": 17, "knownIn": 44, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q213410", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213410", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T00:25:56Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q213410", "registryId": "vr.tr.polyploidy", "name": "polyploidy", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q213410/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.polyploidy", "name": "polyploidy", "purpose": "Let an agent explain polyploidy and its kinds, relay its role in plant evolution and agriculture, describe occurrence in animals and consequences in humans in general terms, and distinguish polyploidy from aneuploidy.", "definition": "The state of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, as in triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid and octoploid organisms, arising by whole genome duplication within a species as autopolyploidy or by hybridisation between species as allopolyploidy, common and often adaptive in plants, including many crops such as wheat, potato and banana, found in some animals, and in humans usually lethal in embryos, with diploid-triploid mosaicism as a rare survivable condition.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a genetic state.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds and origins", "relay role in evolution and crops", "describe human and animal cases in general terms", "distinguish from aneuploidy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Whole set multiplication", "Common in plants", "Speciation mechanism", "Usually lethal in mammals" ], "appearance": "Not visible; detected by chromosome counts and genome analysis; polyploid plants are often larger.", "visual_identification": [ "More than two chromosome sets", "Autopolyploidy, allopolyploidy, triploid to octoploid", "Aneuploidy is an abnormal number of individual chromosomes; haploidy is one set" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "flowering plants with polyploid ancestry", "typical_range": "nearly all", "unit": "share", "note": "ancient whole genome duplications" }, { "quantity": "bread wheat ploidy", "typical_range": "6", "unit": "sets", "note": "hexaploid" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "autopolyploidy", "allopolyploidy", "triploidy, tetraploidy, pentaploidy, hexaploidy, heptaploidy, octoploidy", "neopolyploidy in newly formed polyploids", "paleopolyploidy from ancient duplications", "polyploidy in animals such as some fish and amphibians", "human triploidy and diploid-triploid mosaicism", "polyploid cells in normal tissues such as liver" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "ploidy", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "genome mutation", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "drives", "target": "speciation", "why": "in plants" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "aneuploidy", "why": "a change in single chromosomes" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Plant variety and seed regulations for polyploid crops", "Clinical genetics guidelines for human chromosomal conditions" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing polyploidy with aneuploidy", "Overgeneralising from plants to animals", "Agents giving personal genetic advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What polyploidy is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is polyploidy, and how do autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the condition polyploidy or aneuploidy?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "origins", "name": "Origins", "description": "Origins.", "findings": [ { "id": "origins-finding", "name": "Origins", "description": "Origins.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does polyploidy arise through unreduced gametes, hybridisation and induced duplication?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific mechanism?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "plants", "name": "Plants", "description": "Plants and crops.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "evolution", "name": "Evolution", "description": "Evolution.", "findings": [ { "id": "evolution-finding", "name": "Evolution", "description": "Evolution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What role has polyploidy played in plant evolution and speciation, as research shows?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "crops", "name": "Crops", "description": "Crops and breeding.", "findings": [ { "id": "crops-finding", "name": "Crops", "description": "Crops.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which crops are polyploid, and how is polyploidy used in breeding, including seedless fruit?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific crop?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "animals", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animals and humans.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "animals", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "animals-finding", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does polyploidy occur in animals, and why is it rare in mammals?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "humans", "name": "Humans", "description": "Humans.", "findings": [ { "id": "humans-finding", "name": "Humans", "description": "Humans.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the consequences of triploidy and mosaicism in humans, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about a personal or pregnancy result, which needs a genetic counsellor?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Methods and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Detection.", "findings": [ { "id": "methods-finding", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is ploidy determined by cytology, flow cytometry and sequencing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits karyotyping?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was polyploidy discovered and studied, from early cytogenetics to genome sequencing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of genetics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should allopolyploidy and human triploidy be separate entries?", "How should genetics references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming ploidy levels and a mosaic condition; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a polyploidy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain polyploidy and its kinds, relay its role in plant evolution and agriculture, describe occurrence in animals and consequences in humans in general terms, and distinguish polyploidy from aneuploidy.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: neopolyploidy, heptaploidy, diploid-triploid mosaicism, pentaploidy, allopolyploidy, octoploidy, paleopolyploidy, hexaploidy, amphidiploidy, tetraploidy, triploidy, amphipolyploidy.", "17 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 44 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a polyploidy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "neopolyploidy", "heptaploidy", "diploid-triploid mosaicism", "pentaploidy", "allopolyploidy", "octoploidy", "paleopolyploidy", "hexaploidy", "amphidiploidy", "tetraploidy", "triploidy", "amphipolyploidy" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 44 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 17 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one polyploidy from another, and a polyploidy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a polyploidy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a polyploidy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a polyploidy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a polyploidy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a polyploidy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a polyploidy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What polyploidy is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of polyploidy are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is polyploidy operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of polyploidy and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of polyploidy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as polyploidy?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a polyploidy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a polyploidy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a polyploidy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a polyploidy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a polyploidy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a polyploidy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }