{ "model": { "rank": 7116, "code": "thing-q213600", "model_id": "vr.tr.sleep-apnea", "name": "sleep apnea", "purpose": "Let an agent explain sleep apnoea and its types, relay symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and risks from sleep medicine guidelines in general terms, route people with symptoms to clinicians, and distinguish sleep apnoea from snoring, insomnia and other sleep-related breathing disorders.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q213600/", "tier": 2, "score": 57, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "central sleep apnea due to periodic breathing", "obstructive sleep apnea", "central sleep apnea", "mixed sleep apnea", "glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome", "primary central sleep apnea syndrome" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 57, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q213600", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:26:56Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q213600", "registryId": "vr.tr.sleep-apnea", "name": "sleep apnea", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q213600/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sleep-apnea", "name": "sleep apnea", "purpose": "Let an agent explain sleep apnoea and its types, relay symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and risks from sleep medicine guidelines in general terms, route people with symptoms to clinicians, and distinguish sleep apnoea from snoring, insomnia and other sleep-related breathing disorders.", "definition": "A sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts, most commonly obstructive sleep apnoea from airway collapse, less often central sleep apnoea from reduced breathing drive including forms due to periodic breathing and primary central sleep apnoea, and mixed forms, causing fragmented sleep, daytime sleepiness and raised cardiovascular risk; it is diagnosed by sleep studies and treated with positive airway pressure, oral appliances, lifestyle change or surgery, and people with symptoms should see a clinician.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disorder.", "affordances": [ "explain types", "relay diagnosis and treatment", "route to clinicians", "distinguish related conditions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Breathing pauses", "Obstructive and central forms", "Cardiovascular risk", "Treatable" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; pauses in breathing during sleep, loud snoring.", "visual_identification": [ "Repeated breathing pauses in sleep", "Obstructive, central including periodic breathing and primary forms, mixed sleep apnoea", "Snoring alone is not apnoea; insomnia is difficulty sleeping; hypoventilation is shallow breathing" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "adults affected worldwide", "typical_range": "about 1", "unit": "billion", "note": "estimates, obstructive" }, { "quantity": "apnoea definition", "typical_range": "breathing pause of at least 10 seconds", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "severity index", "typical_range": "AHI: mild 5-15, moderate 15-30, severe over 30", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "obstructive sleep apnoea", "central sleep apnoea including due to periodic breathing and primary forms", "mixed sleep apnoea", "paediatric sleep apnoea", "sleep apnoea with associated conditions such as the reported glaucoma association" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sleep-related breathing disorder", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "apnea", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is treated with", "target": "continuous positive airway pressure", "why": "as first-line therapy" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "snoring", "why": "without breathing pauses" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "G47.3", "note": "sleep apnoea" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D012891", "note": "Sleep Apnea Syndromes" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "AASM diagnostic and treatment guidelines", "Driving fitness rules for untreated sleep apnoea", "Medical device regulation for CPAP" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Undiagnosed apnoea and accident risk", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Registry aliases naming an association as a syndrome" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What sleep apnoea is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and types.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is sleep apnoea, and how do obstructive, central and mixed forms differ from snoring and insomnia?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing symptoms of their own, which need a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes and risk factors.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes airway collapse or reduced breathing drive, and what are the risk factors?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is sleep apnoea diagnosed with sleep studies and the apnoea-hypopnoea index, as guidelines describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatments do guidelines recommend, from CPAP and oral appliances to surgery and lifestyle change, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Health impact.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "risks", "name": "Risks", "description": "Risks.", "findings": [ { "id": "risks-finding", "name": "Risks", "description": "Risks.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the cardiovascular, metabolic and accident risks of untreated apnoea, as research reports?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits cardiovascular risk?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rules", "name": "Rules", "description": "Driving and work.", "findings": [ { "id": "rules-finding", "name": "Rules", "description": "Rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rules apply to driving and safety-critical work with sleep apnoea?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits driving fitness?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Living and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "living", "name": "Living", "description": "Living with apnoea.", "findings": [ { "id": "living-finding", "name": "Living", "description": "Living.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do people adapt to CPAP and manage the condition day to day?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits CPAP?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was sleep apnoea recognised and CPAP developed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of sleep medicine?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should obstructive and central sleep apnoea be separate primary entries?", "How should sleep medicine guidelines be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming subtypes and a reported association; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a sleep apnea, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain sleep apnoea and its types, relay symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and risks from sleep medicine guidelines in general terms, route people with symptoms to clinicians, and distinguish sleep apnoea from snoring, insomnia and other sleep-related breathing disorders.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: central sleep apnea due to periodic breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, mixed sleep apnea, glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome, primary central sleep apnea syndrome.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 57 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a sleep apnea, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "central sleep apnea due to periodic breathing", "obstructive sleep apnea", "central sleep apnea", "mixed sleep apnea", "glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome", "primary central sleep apnea syndrome" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 57 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one sleep apnea from another, and a sleep apnea from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a sleep apnea sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a sleep apnea from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a sleep apnea passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a sleep apnea between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a sleep apnea, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a sleep apnea is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What sleep apnea is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of sleep apnea are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is sleep apnea operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of sleep apnea and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of sleep apnea?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as sleep apnea?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a sleep apnea came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a sleep apnea and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a sleep apnea is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a sleep apnea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a sleep apnea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a sleep apnea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }