hospital-acquired infection
Let an agent explain hospital-acquired infections and their main types, relay causes, prevention and surveillance from infection control and public health sources, describe patient rights and reporting, and distinguish hospital-acquired infections from community-acquired infections and from other adverse events.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain hospital-acquired infections and their main types, relay causes, prevention and surveillance from infection control and public health sources, describe patient rights and reporting, and distinguish hospital-acquired infections from community-acquired infections and from other adverse events.
An infection acquired by a patient during care in a hospital or other healthcare facility that was not present or incubating at admission, including surgical site infections, catheter-associated urinary and bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia and infections such as Clostridioides difficile and MRSA, sometimes transmitted from healthcare workers to patients or caused by procedures as iatrogenic infections, and presenting as hospital-acquired fever; such infections affect millions of patients yearly and are reduced by hand hygiene, sterilisation, surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.
What it is for: Not applicable; a category of infections.
It can be explain types and causes; relay prevention and surveillance; describe rights and reporting; distinguish from community infections.
Distinguishing features
Healthcare setting
Not present at admission
Device and procedure related
Preventable in large part
What it looks like
Not a visible object; infections arising during care.
Physical character
patients affected in high-income countries: about 7 percent - WHO estimates
patients affected in low- and middle-income countries: about 15 percent - WHO estimates
onset threshold: about 48 hours after admission - common definition
How it is recognised
Infection acquired during healthcare
Surgical site, catheter, ventilator and bloodstream infections; iatrogenic infections; professional-to-patient transmission; hospital-acquired fever
Community-acquired infections start outside care; other adverse events are not infections
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is prevented by - and infection control
is worsened by - in many pathogens
In practice
Families and kinds
surgical site infections
catheter-associated urinary tract infections
central line-associated bloodstream infections
ventilator-associated pneumonia
Clostridioides difficile and multidrug-resistant organism infections
iatrogenic infections from procedures and professional-to-patient transmission
hospital-acquired fever of infectious origin
Identifiers
MeSH D003428 cross infection
Standards and regulation
WHO infection prevention and control guidelines
National surveillance systems such as NHSN
Mandatory reporting and public disclosure rules in some countries
Accreditation standards for hospitals
Failure modes and hazards
Underreporting
Antimicrobial resistance
Agents giving personal medical or legal advice
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Help Patients first.
Safety.
Symptoms
Symptoms after care.
Symptoms
Symptoms.
- Why do fever, wound redness, pain or discharge after a hospital stay or procedure need prompt contact with the care team? action
- Is the user describing their own symptoms, which needs a clinician now? boundary
Rights
Rights and complaints.
Rights
Rights.
- What rights do patients have to information, and how are concerns reported? provenance
- Is the user asking about a legal claim, which needs a lawyer? boundary
Understand The infections.
Clinical.
Definition
Definition and types.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a hospital-acquired infection, and what are the main types by site and device? definition
- Is the question about hospital-acquired, community-acquired or another adverse event? boundary
Causes
Causes and pathogens.
Causes
Causes.
- How do devices, procedures, hands and the environment transmit infections, and which pathogens dominate? definition
- Which entry fits the specific pathogen? action
Prevent Prevention and surveillance.
Public health.
Prevention
Prevention.
Prevention
Prevention.
- How do hand hygiene, bundles, sterilisation and stewardship reduce infections, with evidence attributed? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Surveillance
Surveillance.
Surveillance
Surveillance.
- How are infections monitored and reported, and what do rates show? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Costs and history.
Context.
Costs
Impact.
Costs
Costs.
- What are the human and economic costs of hospital-acquired infections, as studies estimate? provenance
- Which entry fits patient safety? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How did Semmelweis, Lister and later infection control transform hospital infection? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of infection control? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should surgical site infection and central line infection be separate primary entries?
- How should infection control sources be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming transmission routes and a symptom; should they be split off?