{ "model": { "rank": 5940, "code": "thing-q216197", "model_id": "vr.tr.altimeter", "name": "altimeter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify an altimeter, interpret its altitude indications, assess whether those indications are usable and determine which adjustments, checks or restrictions are appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q216197/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "pressure altimeter" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.altimeter", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q216197", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:17:24Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.011101, "turns": 1, "seconds": 131.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b5a-dac1-7380-b291-803daa54d094\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: altimeter\nRegistry id: vr.tr.altimeter\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q216197", "registryId": "vr.tr.altimeter", "name": "altimeter", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q216197/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.altimeter", "name": "altimeter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify an altimeter, interpret its altitude indications, assess whether those indications are usable and determine which adjustments, checks or restrictions are appropriate.", "definition": "An altimeter is an instrument that reports the vertical distance of a platform from a declared datum (mean sea level, a standardised isobaric surface, or the underlying terrain) by converting a physical observable - static pressure, radio or optical round-trip delay, or GNSS-derived height - into indicated, encoded, or control altitude.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the altimeter as an instrument or integrated instrument function, including its measurement principle, altitude reference, inputs, indications, operating limits, condition and permitted interventions.", "in_scope": [ "Altimeter identity, measurement principle and intended use", "Altitude reference, units, settings and interpretation of indications", "Pressure, signal, power and mounting dependencies that affect altitude output", "Accuracy evidence, operating limits, faults and indication validity", "Controls, calibration, inspection and return-to-service evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The aircraft, vehicle, wearable or other platform carrying the altimeter", "Weather systems and atmospheric forecasts", "Terrain databases, maps and surveyed reference networks", "Navigation receivers, air-data computers and sensor networks except at the altimeter interface", "Flight procedures, route planning and platform-wide safety decisions", "General-purpose pressure gauges and rangefinders without an altitude-measurement function" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its intended output is altitude or height relative to an identifiable reference, rather than pressure alone; a pressure gauge needs a documented altitude-conversion function to qualify.", "It provides a current altitude or height indication or output; a vertical-speed-only instrument reports rate of change and does not independently satisfy this test.", "Its measured or derived quantity represents vertical position or clearance; an arbitrary target-distance reading does not establish that a rangefinder is an altimeter.", "For a multifunction device, the altitude function, its reference and its validity can be identified separately from navigation, position or environmental functions." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Measurement principle", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Pressure-based, radio/radar, satellite-derived, other documented principle or hybrid", "why_it_matters": "Determines which inputs, assumptions and failure modes must be checked before interpreting altitude." }, { "name": "Implementation boundary", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Standalone instrument, sensor module, display of externally computed altitude or integrated function", "why_it_matters": "Locates responsibility for sensing, computation and presentation." }, { "name": "Altitude reference", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named pressure reference, named vertical datum, reflecting surface, local zero or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Two readings cannot be meaningfully compared without establishing their references." }, { "name": "Indicated altitude or height", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Metres or feet, with observation time, reference and validity", "why_it_matters": "Records what the instrument currently reports without treating the indication as independently verified truth." }, { "name": "Reference setting", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Pressure in hPa or inHg; altitude offset in metres or feet; not applicable where unsupported", "why_it_matters": "A changed setting can change the indication without physical movement." }, { "name": "Supported measurement envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Documented minimum and maximum altitude or height, with applicable conditions", "why_it_matters": "Separates a displayed value from a value within the instrument's supported range." }, { "name": "Accuracy and resolution evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to specifications and test results identifying units, conditions, uncertainty and display increment", "why_it_matters": "Prevents display precision from being mistaken for measurement accuracy." }, { "name": "Output freshness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Sample age and latency in seconds; update rate in Hz where applicable", "why_it_matters": "An apparently plausible indication may be stale during changing altitude." }, { "name": "Input dependencies", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Associated pressure sources, antennas, receivers, processors, power supplies and data links", "why_it_matters": "Makes upstream faults and shared dependencies visible." }, { "name": "Indication validity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Valid within documented conditions, degraded, invalid, unavailable or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports restrictions on use without equating a working display with a trustworthy measurement." }, { "name": "Service condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unchecked, serviceable with evidence, restricted, due for inspection or out of service", "why_it_matters": "Connects permitted use to inspection and maintenance evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Read or retrieve an altitude indication together with its units, reference, timestamp and validity.", "Inspect or adjust a supported pressure reference or local-zero setting under the applicable procedure.", "Compare indications against a suitable reference or independent altimeter after reconciling datums and settings.", "Inspect input availability and run supported diagnostic or functional checks.", "Identify readings that require restriction because of faults, stale data or operation outside documented limits.", "Arrange calibration, repair or inspection and record the evidence required before further use." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "faa-phak-flight-instruments", "title": "Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25 series), Flight Instruments chapter", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Pressure-altimeter principle, Kollsman setting, indicated/true/absolute/pressure/density altitude, static-system errors, and cockpit use." }, { "id": "wikipedia-altimeter", "title": "Altimeter", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altimeter", "what_it_supports": "Instrument kinds (pressure, radio, GNSS, laser), operational context, and common neighbouring instruments.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-radar-altimeter", "title": "Radar altimeter", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_altimeter", "what_it_supports": "Radio/radar altimeter band, height-above-ground role, and civil low-range use on approach.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "icao-annex-6", "title": "Annex 6 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation - Operation of Aircraft", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Carriage and operational use of pressure and radio altimeters, altimeter-setting procedures, and height/altitude minima." }, { "id": "faa-tso-c10", "title": "TSO-C10 - Pressure Altimeter System", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "U.S. technical standard order that qualifies civil pressure-altimeter equipment." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "altitude-function-and-reference", "name": "Altitude function and reference", "description": "Establishes what the instrument measures and what its altitude means.", "rationale": "Altitude indications from different principles or references can look interchangeable while representing different quantities.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-function", "name": "Measurement function", "description": "Identifies the altimeter function and the boundary between sensing, computation and display.", "findings": [ { "id": "altitude-producing-chain", "name": "Altitude-producing chain", "description": "Record the documented principle and the components that turn an input into altitude.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this altimeter derive altitude from pressure, returned signals, satellite positioning or another documented input?", "kind": "definition", "id": "altitude-producing-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Which identified component senses the input, computes altitude and presents or transmits the result?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "altitude-producing-chain-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vertical-reference", "name": "Vertical reference", "description": "Makes the datum or reference setting explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "meaning-of-zero", "name": "Meaning of zero", "description": "Record the reference that gives zero and other indicated values their meaning.", "questions": [ { "text": "What pressure reference, vertical datum, reflecting surface or local zero does the current output use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "meaning-of-zero-q01" }, { "text": "What source established the reference or setting, and when was it last confirmed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "meaning-of-zero-q02" }, { "text": "Which apparent altitude comparisons are invalid until reference differences are resolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "meaning-of-zero-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "indication-and-interpretation", "name": "Indication and interpretation", "description": "Captures the altitude output and the information needed to read it correctly.", "rationale": "A number or pointer position is insufficient without units, scale, timing and validity.", "layers": [ { "id": "readout-semantics", "name": "Readout semantics", "description": "Describes the particular display or output encoding.", "findings": [ { "id": "unambiguous-altitude-reading", "name": "Unambiguous altitude reading", "description": "Record how the complete altitude is recovered from pointers, digits or transmitted fields.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are units, sign, scale and any multiple pointers or digit windows combined into one altitude reading?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "unambiguous-altitude-reading-q01" }, { "text": "How does this instrument distinguish an out-of-range, unavailable or invalid output from a usable altitude?", "kind": "definition", "id": "unambiguous-altitude-reading-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "output-timing", "name": "Output timing", "description": "Connects a reading to when it was sensed and reported.", "findings": [ { "id": "freshness-and-response", "name": "Freshness and response", "description": "Record available evidence about update timing, lag, filtering and retained values.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observation time, sample age or documented response lag applies to this reading?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "freshness-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "Can the output freeze, retain a last-known value or smooth changes, and how can an agent detect that condition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "freshness-and-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sensing-and-installation-dependencies", "name": "Sensing and installation dependencies", "description": "Connects altitude production to the instrument's actual inputs and installation.", "rationale": "Altitude errors may originate in pressure delivery, signal reception or installation even when the instrument appears operational.", "layers": [ { "id": "input-path", "name": "Input path", "description": "Identifies the inputs required by this particular measurement principle.", "findings": [ { "id": "required-input-condition", "name": "Required input condition", "description": "Record input sources, their condition and evidence of successful delivery.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pressure connection, antenna, receiver or external altitude-data source supplies this altimeter?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "required-input-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What observable checks establish that each required input is available and suitable for altitude measurement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "required-input-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "installation-effects", "name": "Installation effects", "description": "Captures mounting and shared-system conditions that can affect the output.", "findings": [ { "id": "installation-specific-altitude-errors", "name": "Installation-specific altitude errors", "description": "Record documented installation constraints and dependencies relevant to altitude validity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented constraints on pressure-port location, antenna orientation, mounting or local interference apply to this installation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "installation-specific-altitude-errors-q01" }, { "text": "Does an apparent comparison instrument share the same pressure source, receiver, processor or power supply?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "installation-specific-altitude-errors-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement-confidence-and-limits", "name": "Measurement confidence and limits", "description": "Determines where altitude indications are supported and how their reliability is assessed.", "rationale": "An agent needs evidence that a reading is fit for its intended use, beyond the presence of an output.", "layers": [ { "id": "supported-envelope", "name": "Supported envelope", "description": "Records principle-specific and device-specific operating limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-altitude-performance", "name": "Applicable altitude performance", "description": "Associate range and performance claims with their documented conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What altitude or height range and environmental or signal conditions are covered by the available specification?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-altitude-performance-q01" }, { "text": "What accuracy, resolution and response requirements apply within that envelope, and what evidence supports them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-altitude-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "validity-assessment", "name": "Validity assessment", "description": "Interprets fault indications and comparison results.", "findings": [ { "id": "altitude-disagreement-and-faults", "name": "Altitude disagreement and faults", "description": "Record discrepancies without assuming either instrument or reference is correct.", "questions": [ { "text": "After reconciling reference, units and observation time, how far does the indication differ from the chosen comparison?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "altitude-disagreement-and-faults-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed flags, input failures or discrepancies require the reading to be restricted or rejected under the applicable procedure?", "kind": "action", "id": "altitude-disagreement-and-faults-q02" }, { "text": "What remains uncertain about whether a discrepancy comes from the altimeter, its inputs or the comparison reference?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "altitude-disagreement-and-faults-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "settings-checks-and-service", "name": "Settings, checks and service", "description": "Defines supported interventions and the evidence needed to continue using the altimeter.", "rationale": "Reference adjustment, calibration and repair change different aspects of altitude interpretation and require distinct controls.", "layers": [ { "id": "operational-adjustments", "name": "Operational adjustments", "description": "Records the settings an operator or agent may change.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-reference-change", "name": "Controlled reference change", "description": "Track supported setting changes and their effect on altitude meaning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pressure-reference, zero, unit or correction settings are available, and who may change them?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-reference-change-q01" }, { "text": "What source and procedure justify a setting change, and what resulting indication should be checked?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-reference-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "verification-and-restoration", "name": "Verification and restoration", "description": "Connects checks and maintenance to evidence of usable altitude performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-altimeter-serviceability", "name": "Documented altimeter serviceability", "description": "Record inspections, calibration results, unresolved defects and conditions for renewed use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspection or calibration procedure applies to this altimeter and installation, and what does the latest result establish?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-altimeter-serviceability-q01" }, { "text": "After a failed check, repair or relevant installation change, what verification and authorization are required before further use?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-altimeter-serviceability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Pressure (barometric/aneroid) altimeter, including the sensitive cockpit instrument with a Kollsman subscale", "Radio/radar altimeter, measuring height above ground by 4.2-4.4 GHz ranging", "Encoding altimeter or separate altitude encoder for Mode C/S transponder reporting", "GNSS/satellite altimeter (ellipsoidal or geoid-referenced height)", "Laser/LiDAR altimeter (airborne and satellite topographic and ice-sheet ranging)", "Cabin-pressure altimeter used in pressurisation and oxygen systems", "Wrist, handheld, and hiking barometric altimeters", "Servoed or air-data-computer altimeters that drive electromechanical or glass-cockpit displays" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q182628", "note": "Item for the instrument class \"altimeter\"; radio/radar altimeter is a distinct item." }, { "scheme": "ITU / ICAO radio-altimeter band", "value_or_pattern": "4200-4400 MHz", "note": "Allocated airborne radio-altimeter frequency band, not a product code." }, { "scheme": "FAA TSO", "value_or_pattern": "TSO-C10 (pressure); TSO-C67 (airborne radar altimeter)", "note": "Equipment-approval marks on civil units, not a universal taxonomy of the thing." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ICAO Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft) and Annex 2/Doc 4444 altimeter-setting (QNH/QNE) and transition altitude/level procedures - International Civil Aviation Organization", "ICAO Annex 10 and associated SARPs/guidance on airborne radio altimeters - International Civil Aviation Organization", "FAA TSO-C10 (pressure altimeter systems) and TSO-C67 (airborne radar altimeter equipment); 14 CFR airworthiness and operating rules on altimeters and static systems - Federal Aviation Administration", "RTCA DO-155 and later radio-altimeter MOPS used as the industry performance baseline - RTCA", "EASA CS-23/CS-25 and associated ETSO material for altimeters and radio altimeters - European Union Aviation Safety Agency", "ISO 2533 International Standard Atmosphere as the pressure-altitude conversion model used by pressure altimeters - International Organization for Standardization", "National 5G C-band deployment rules and aviation mitigations addressing radio-altimeter interference (e.g. FAA/FCC actions in the United States) - national spectrum and aviation authorities" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Primary cockpit altitude reference for en-route flight, approach minima, and terrain clearance; radio altimeter supplies height AGL and decision-height cues, especially for CAT II/III approaches and TAWS/GPWS.", "Mode C/S transponders and ADS-B report pressure altitude from an encoding altimeter or air-data computer.", "METAR/ASOS \"altimeter setting\" (QNH) is the value crews wind into the Kollsman window so indicated altitude matches elevation at the airport.", "Mountaineering, parachuting, hang-gliding, and sports watches use barometric altimeters for height and accumulated climb.", "Satellite laser altimeters (e.g. ICESat-class, CryoSat-class missions) map ice-sheet, sea-surface, and land elevation.", "Cabin altimeters and pressurisation controllers display equivalent cabin altitude and drive oxygen-mask deployment.", "Small UAS and some automotive/industrial systems use ultrasonic, radar, or barometric altimeters for height-hold and landing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Indicated / pressure altitude (civil aircraft sensitive altimeter)", "typical_range": "-1000 to 50000 (some types to ~80000)", "unit": "ft" }, { "quantity": "Altimeter subscale setting (Kollsman window)", "typical_range": "28.00-31.00 inHg, or about 950-1050", "unit": "inHg or hPa" }, { "quantity": "Radio altitude (civil low-range)", "typical_range": "0-2500 (some military/high-range units higher)", "unit": "ft AGL" }, { "quantity": "Hiking/wrist barometric altitude", "typical_range": "about -500 to 9000", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Radio-altimeter carrier frequency", "typical_range": "4200-4400", "unit": "MHz" }, { "quantity": "Pressure-altimeter tolerance near sea level (sensitive types, order of magnitude)", "typical_range": "on the order of ±20 at sea level, growing with altitude", "unit": "ft" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Incorrect QNH/QFE/QNE setting, causing the aircraft to fly lower (or higher) than intended and contributing to controlled flight into terrain.", "Blocked, iced, or mis-plumbed static ports, giving frozen or grossly wrong indicated altitude.", "Cold-temperature error: true altitude is lower than indicated when the column is colder than ISA, critical on non-precision approaches.", "Three-pointer analog misreading (thousands vs hundreds of feet), a classic accident factor.", "Radio-altimeter interference from adjacent-band 5G C-band transmitters, degrading height-AGL and autoland/TAWS inputs.", "Transponder/encoder mismatch so ATC sees a different altitude than the crew.", "GNSS vertical error or geoid-model mismatch when GNSS height is treated as barometric altitude.", "Servo, air-data-computer, or electrical failure of remote-indicating altimeters without a usable standby." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United States and Canada set and report altimeter setting in inches of mercury; most of the rest of the world uses hectopascals (millibars).", "QNH is the civil default; QFE remains in some military, older UK, and post-Soviet practice; flight levels use QNE (1013.25 hPa / 29.92 inHg).", "Transition altitude is a national value (18,000 ft in the U.S. NAS; often 3,000-6,000 ft or a published TA in Europe and elsewhere).", "China, Mongolia, North Korea and some other states assign metric flight levels; most ICAO states use feet.", "U.S. usage often says \"radar altimeter\"; ICAO/EASA documents prefer \"radio altimeter\" for the same AGL ranging instrument." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Vertical-speed indicator (variometer)", "difference": "Reports rate of change of altitude, not altitude itself; a blocked static system can freeze the altimeter while the VSI still shows a transient then zero." }, { "name": "Barometer", "difference": "Stops at pressure; an altimeter applies an atmosphere model and a subscale datum to express that pressure as height." }, { "name": "Attitude indicator", "difference": "Displays pitch and bank, not height; the similar English names are the usual source of confusion." }, { "name": "GNSS receiver height", "difference": "Geometric (ellipsoidal or orthometric) height, independent of the pressure column; it does not replace QNH-based indicated altitude for IFR separation unless a specific procedure allows it." }, { "name": "Altitude encoder / transponder", "difference": "The encoder reports pressure altitude to ATC; it may be a separate box from the cockpit altimeter and can disagree with it." }, { "name": "Depth sounder / fathometer", "difference": "Ranges downward through water to the seabed; an altimeter ranges in air or vacuum to a pressure surface, ellipsoid, or ground." }, { "name": "Hypsometer", "difference": "Infers height from boiling point of a liquid versus pressure; not the aneroid or radio instrument used in aviation." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of altimeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to cover satellite-derived altitude functions and software-only displays as well as dedicated physical altimeters?", "Which authoritative device manuals should establish the measurement principles, controls and limits represented by this model?", "Should pressure references, geodetic datums and surface-relative heights be expressed through a shared neighbouring reference model?", "Which intended uses require additional acceptance criteria or service rules, and which sources establish those requirements?", "How should hybrid altimeters expose source switching, combined uncertainty and disagreements between their altitude inputs?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a altimeter, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify an altimeter, interpret its altitude indications, assess whether those indications are usable and determine which adjustments, checks or restrictions are appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: pressure altimeter.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a altimeter, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "pressure altimeter" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one altimeter from another, and a altimeter from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a altimeter sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a altimeter from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a altimeter is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a altimeter is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a altimeter is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a altimeter is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a altimeter is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a altimeter is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a altimeter passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a altimeter between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a altimeter, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a altimeter is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What altimeter is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does altimeter perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise altimeter, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How altimeter is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does altimeter have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does altimeter need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about altimeter is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about altimeter hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern altimeter, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a altimeter came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a altimeter and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a altimeter is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a altimeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a altimeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a altimeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }