{ "model": { "rank": 5017, "code": "thing-q216507", "model_id": "vr.tr.bird-migration", "name": "bird migration", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise bird migration, assess the progress and constraints of a migratory movement, and identify evidence-supported monitoring or conservation actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q216507/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Migration of the red-tailed hawk", "reverse migration" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q216507", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216507", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:28:58Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08812-166d-7031-b27e-a3375bb17514\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bird migration\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 57.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08812-166d-7912-92c8-7073237992a4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bird migration\nRegistry id: vr.tr.bird-migration\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q216507", "registryId": "vr.tr.bird-migration", "name": "bird migration", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q216507/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bird-migration", "name": "bird migration", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise bird migration, assess the progress and constraints of a migratory movement, and identify evidence-supported monitoring or conservation actions.", "definition": "Bird migration is recurrent movement by birds between areas used during different phases of the annual cycle, typically connecting breeding and nonbreeding ranges and distinguished from one-way dispersal and irregular resource tracking.", "scope_statement": "This model owns bird migration as a recurrent movement activity linking seasonal ranges, including its classification, timing, routes, stopovers, environmental dependencies and outcomes at individual and population scales; it records the operational definition used rather than assuming every substantial bird movement is migration.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence distinguishing migration from dispersal, nomadism, irruptions and routine foraging movements", "Individual journeys and population migration patterns, including partial and differential migration", "Departure, travel, stopover, arrival and seasonal range occupancy", "Routes, migratory connectivity and dependencies between breeding, nonbreeding and passage areas", "Movement conditions, energetic constraints, hazards and migration-specific interventions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Bird taxonomy, anatomy and general species descriptions", "Breeding biology except where it establishes migration timing or destinations", "Dispersal, local commuting and nomadic movements except at their classification boundaries", "Complete habitat and ecosystem models beyond their migration-related functions", "Tracking-device engineering and general observation-system design", "Conservation law and protected-area administration beyond constraints on a proposed action" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Ask whether movement links seasonally used ranges within a recurrent cycle; distance alone does not establish migration.", "Distinguish seasonal relocation from repeated trips between a roost or nest and feeding sites within the same occupied range.", "Distinguish migration from a lasting change of natal or breeding location, while allowing one tracked history to contain both activities.", "Require evidence for directionality, seasonal context and recurrence before treating an isolated displacement or unusual sighting as migration.", "Test migration status at the individual and population levels separately: a population label does not establish that every member migrates." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Classification and evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Confirmed migration, probable migration, ambiguous movement, or excluded under an explicitly recorded definition", "why_it_matters": "Makes the recognition decision inspectable and preserves disputed boundaries." }, { "name": "Migratory participation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "All sampled individuals, some sampled individuals, none detected, or unknown; record sample and season", "why_it_matters": "Prevents species-wide assumptions from replacing evidence about the population being assessed." }, { "name": "Seasonal range linkage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Individual or population linked to origin, destination and intervening sites, with confidence", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which places jointly support the movement cycle." }, { "name": "Migration phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Predeparture, travelling, stopping over, arrived, interrupted, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observations and actions are appropriate at a given time." }, { "name": "Departure and arrival timing", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Timestamp or date interval with year, time zone where applicable, and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparisons with seasonal resources, weather and exposure windows." }, { "name": "Movement extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Kilometres travelled, endpoint displacement in kilometres, and elevation change in metres, reported separately", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes the observed path from displacement and accommodates altitudinal migration." }, { "name": "Stopover duration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hours or days per identified stopover, with detection rule and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Helps identify staging dependencies and delays without assuming every pause serves the same function." }, { "name": "Energetic condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Body mass in grams, named fat-score scale, or explicitly identified proxy", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of travel readiness while keeping direct measurements separate from inference." }, { "name": "Journey outcome", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Arrival confirmed, still progressing, interruption observed, mortality confirmed, contact lost, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents missing observations from being mistaken for failed migration or death." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify an observed movement against an explicit migration definition and flag insufficient evidence.", "Reconstruct a seasonal journey with uncertain segments and distinguish travel from stopover.", "Compare migration timing, participation and routes across individuals, populations and years.", "Identify seasonal range linkages and potentially consequential stopover dependencies.", "Assess migration-specific exposure and propose timed monitoring or conservation actions.", "Update journey status as evidence arrives without converting tracking gaps into biological conclusions." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "migration-recognition", "name": "Migration recognition", "description": "Establishes which bird movements qualify as migration and at what scale.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish migration from neighbouring movement activities before interpreting a journey.", "layers": [ { "id": "movement-boundaries", "name": "Movement boundaries", "description": "Records the operational definition and its treatment of ambiguous movements.", "findings": [ { "id": "migration-classification", "name": "Migration classification", "description": "Record the criteria, supporting observations and competing interpretations used to classify the movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which definition is being applied, and what evidence of seasonal range change or recurrence does it require?", "kind": "definition", "id": "migration-classification-q01" }, { "text": "Could this observation instead represent dispersal, irruption, nomadism or local commuting, and what evidence separates those interpretations?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "migration-classification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "migratory-participation", "name": "Migratory participation", "description": "Separates individual behaviour from population-level descriptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "participation-and-variation", "name": "Participation and variation", "description": "Record who migrates in the assessed population and whether participation varies across seasons or identifiable groups.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which population, individuals and observation period support the migration label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "participation-and-variation-q01" }, { "text": "What proportion of adequately observed birds migrates, and how does participation vary with age, sex or year?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "participation-and-variation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "seasonal-journey", "name": "Seasonal journey", "description": "Describes migration as a sequence of departures, movements, stops and arrivals.", "rationale": "Journey phase and seasonal timing determine how an agent interprets movement and evaluates progress.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-phenology", "name": "Phase and phenology", "description": "Locates observed activity within the seasonal cycle.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-transitions", "name": "Phase transitions", "description": "Record departure, stopover and arrival using explicit behavioural or spatial criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observation rule distinguishes migratory departure or arrival from a temporary excursion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "phase-transitions-q01" }, { "text": "When did each phase begin and end, and how tightly do observations bound those times?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-transitions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "route-and-connectivity", "name": "Route and connectivity", "description": "Links seasonal ranges through observed or inferred movement paths.", "findings": [ { "id": "seasonal-range-linkages", "name": "Seasonal range linkages", "description": "Record route segments and connections between seasonal areas without treating inferred paths as directly observed tracks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which breeding, nonbreeding and passage areas are linked by identified birds, and which links are inferred from population evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seasonal-range-linkages-q01" }, { "text": "How do route length, elevation, corridor width and outward-versus-return paths vary among adequately observed journeys?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seasonal-range-linkages-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-requirements", "name": "Movement requirements", "description": "Captures resources and conditions relevant to completing migratory stages.", "rationale": "A route alone cannot explain whether a bird can depart, cross a barrier or continue after stopping.", "layers": [ { "id": "stopover-and-fuelling", "name": "Stopover and fuelling", "description": "Records the functions and condition of sites used between travel stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "stopover-function", "name": "Stopover function", "description": "Distinguish observed site use from inferred resting, feeding or fuel accumulation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence shows whether birds rest, feed or accumulate fuel at this stopover?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stopover-function-q01" }, { "text": "What are the measured residence time and changes in condition, and how representative are the sampled birds?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stopover-function-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "travel-conditions", "name": "Travel conditions", "description": "Records weather, geographic barriers and orientation evidence relevant to a migratory stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "departure-and-passage-constraints", "name": "Departure and passage constraints", "description": "Record the conditions associated with departure, passage or delay, keeping correlations separate from demonstrated mechanisms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which weather conditions, barriers and orientation cues are supported by evidence for these birds and this stage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "departure-and-passage-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What observed changes in departure probability, flight progress or delay accompany those conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "departure-and-passage-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-risk-and-response", "name": "Evidence, risk and response", "description": "Connects the reliability of migration observations to outcome assessment and practical action.", "rationale": "Agents need to distinguish biological events from observation failures and select interventions supported by migration-specific evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "observation-and-outcome", "name": "Observation and outcome", "description": "Evaluates what tracking, counts and other observations can establish about a journey.", "findings": [ { "id": "outcome-confidence", "name": "Outcome confidence", "description": "Record the evidence for progress, arrival, interruption or mortality alongside gaps and sampling limitations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations support the assigned outcome, and can they distinguish mortality from transmitter failure or departure beyond coverage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "outcome-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "How do detection probability, location error, sampling interval and possible tagging effects limit this interpretation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "outcome-confidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazards-and-interventions", "name": "Hazards and interventions", "description": "Locates supported threats in the migration cycle and evaluates targeted responses.", "findings": [ { "id": "timed-risk-reduction", "name": "Timed risk reduction", "description": "Record where and when a hazard affects migrating birds, the proposed response and the evidence needed to judge its effect.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence links a specific passage period or site to collision, artificial-light, habitat-loss, hunting or other exposure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "timed-risk-reduction-q01" }, { "text": "Which feasible action addresses that exposure, who can implement it, and what migration outcome would demonstrate benefit?", "kind": "action", "id": "timed-risk-reduction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the biological movement process; it is recalled knowledge, not a researched or source-verified account.", "Migration categories overlap, and boundaries with dispersal, nomadism and irruption depend partly on the definition and observation period used.", "Measurement ranges are broad illustrations rather than species-specific norms; treaty coverage and applicable national rules require verification for any particular species and jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Complete migration: virtually all individuals in a population migrate", "Partial migration: migrants and year-round residents coexist within a population", "Differential migration: migration distance, timing or destination differs among age or sex classes", "Latitudinal migration: movement principally between different latitudes", "Altitudinal migration: movement between elevations", "Loop migration: outward and return journeys follow different routes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS): intergovernmental framework for conserving migratory species", "African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), under CMS: international conservation framework for covered migratory waterbirds", "Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: international framework relevant to protecting migration stopover and seasonal wetland habitats" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Identifying breeding, stopover and nonbreeding habitats for coordinated conservation", "Informing the siting and operation of wind turbines and other collision hazards", "Forecasting bird movements to support aviation safety", "Assessing changes in seasonal timing and distributions associated with environmental change", "Designing monitoring programmes that connect populations across national boundaries" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Migration distance per seasonal journey", "typical_range": "Tens to more than 10000 kilometres, depending on species, population and how the route is measured", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "Migration timing", "typical_range": "Population- and location-specific seasonal windows; commonly recorded as first arrival, median passage or departure dates", "unit": "day of year" }, { "quantity": "Stopover duration", "typical_range": "Hours to weeks, depending on species, fuel requirements and conditions", "unit": "hours or days" }, { "quantity": "Migratory proportion of a population", "typical_range": "0-100; intermediate values indicate partial migration when migrants and residents belong to the same defined population", "unit": "%" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Loss or degradation of stopover habitat can prevent adequate refuelling", "Storms, adverse winds and extreme temperatures can cause exhaustion, displacement or mortality", "Collisions with buildings, power lines and turbines can kill migrating birds", "Artificial light can attract or disorient nocturnal migrants", "Changes in migration timing can create mismatches with food availability at breeding or stopover sites" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Many temperate and Arctic breeders move toward lower latitudes outside the breeding season, with seasonal timing differing between hemispheres", "Tropical migrations can track rainfall, flooding and food availability rather than temperate winter conditions", "Mountains, deserts and sea crossings shape regional routes, concentrating some migrants at passes, coasts and narrow crossing points" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Animal migration", "difference": "Bird migration is the subset performed by birds; animal migration also includes movements by other animal groups" }, { "name": "Dispersal", "difference": "Dispersal relocates an individual between natal or breeding sites without requiring recurrent seasonal return" }, { "name": "Nomadism", "difference": "Nomadic movements track variable resources without a consistently repeated seasonal itinerary" }, { "name": "Irruption", "difference": "Irruptions are irregular large movements outside usual ranges, often associated with variable food supplies, rather than regular seasonal journeys" }, { "name": "Daily commuting", "difference": "Repeated travel between roosts and feeding sites occurs within a daily activity cycle rather than between seasonal ranges" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bird migration this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which operational definition best handles irregular, irruptive and nomadic bird movements at this registry boundary?", "What evidence is sufficient to infer a recurrent migration cycle when an individual has been observed for only one season?", "How should population migration status represent individuals that switch between residency and migration across years?", "Which stopover sites are necessary dependencies rather than frequently observed sites with usable alternatives?", "How reliably can available observations attribute altered timing, route changes or journey failure to particular environmental pressures?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bird migration, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise bird migration, assess the progress and constraints of a migratory movement, and identify evidence-supported monitoring or conservation actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Migration of the red-tailed hawk, reverse migration.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bird migration, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Migration of the red-tailed hawk", "reverse migration" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bird migration from another, and a bird migration from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bird migration sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bird migration from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bird migration passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bird migration between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bird migration, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bird migration is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a bird migration proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a bird migration, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a bird migration and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a bird migration consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a bird migration takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What bird migration is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of bird migration are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is bird migration operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of bird migration and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of bird migration?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as bird migration?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bird migration came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bird migration and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bird migration is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bird migration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bird migration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bird migration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }