{ "model": { "rank": 6051, "code": "thing-q216635", "model_id": "vr.tr.stomata", "name": "stomata", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise stomata, assess their developmental and functional state, and determine which observations or interventions are justified by the evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q216635/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q216635", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216635", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:13:55Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0106947, "turns": 1, "seconds": 178.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8f-b9de-76f2-bd44-5a92517e9197\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: stomata\nRegistry id: vr.tr.stomata\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy m" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q216635", "registryId": "vr.tr.stomata", "name": "stomata", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q216635/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.stomata", "name": "stomata", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise stomata, assess their developmental and functional state, and determine which observations or interventions are justified by the evidence.", "definition": "A stoma (plural stomata) is an epidermal pore of a plant aerial organ, bounded by a pair of turgor-operated guard cells and often by subsidiary cells, whose aperture is actively regulated to control transpiration and the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere.", "scope_statement": "This model owns plant stomata as epidermal pores with their associated guard cells, recording individual stomata or explicitly bounded populations and distinguishing pore, guard-cell pair and wider stomatal-complex observations.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of stomatal pores and guard-cell pairs in their epidermal context", "Stomatal-complex anatomy, including associated subsidiary cells where identified", "Developmental maturity, structural integrity and opening state", "Stomatal dimensions, density and spatial distribution within a defined sample", "Responses of stomatal aperture to recorded conditions and interventions", "Evidence connecting observed stomata to gas exchange without assuming aperture alone establishes flux" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-plant water balance, growth and stress status", "Leaf or stem anatomy beyond the context needed to locate and interpret stomata", "Photosynthesis and internal carbon metabolism", "Cuticular permeability, lenticels and hydathodes as separate exchange structures", "Complete genetic and biochemical models of stomatal development and signalling", "Microscope, porometer and gas-exchange instrument operation as equipment models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Look for an epidermal pore associated with an identifiable guard-cell pair; an unbounded gap or tear without that organisation is insufficient evidence of a stoma.", "Distinguish a closed stoma from an ordinary epidermal cell boundary by identifying the guard-cell pair and pore region, even when no open lumen is visible.", "Distinguish hydathode-associated water pores using organ position and underlying tissue context; surface resemblance to a stoma alone does not settle the classification.", "Distinguish stomata from lenticels by testing for an individual guard-cell-bounded epidermal pore rather than an area of loosely organised exchange tissue.", "Distinguish stomatal precursors from mature stomata by recording whether the guard-cell pair and pore have formed, without assuming that apparent maturity demonstrates functional responsiveness." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Observation unit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "individual stoma | stomatal complex | bounded stomatal population", "why_it_matters": "Prevents anatomy and measurements from different observational scales being treated as properties of one pore." }, { "name": "Plant and organ context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked specimen, taxon identification, organ, developmental region and epidermal surface", "why_it_matters": "Makes identification and comparisons interpretable in their biological context." }, { "name": "Stomatal-complex organisation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "described guard-cell shape and subsidiary-cell arrangement; named type with classification reference; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports anatomical recognition without forcing unfamiliar structures into an unsupported type." }, { "name": "Developmental state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "precursor | guard-cell pair forming | pore formed | mature by stated criteria | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates developmental absence of a pore from closure or structural damage." }, { "name": "Pore aperture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "width and length in µm; projected area in µm²; measurement definition, timestamp and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Records opening quantitatively and supports comparison across time or treatments." }, { "name": "Guard-cell dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "length and width in µm, specifying the cell and measurement landmarks", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish stomatal size from transient pore opening." }, { "name": "Opening state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "open | partially open | closed | indeterminate, using stated operational thresholds", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions when continuous aperture measurements are unavailable while preserving the classification basis." }, { "name": "Structural integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "apparently intact | damaged | collapsed | obscured | unresolved, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents damaged or preparation-altered structures from being interpreted as normally closed stomata." }, { "name": "Stomatal density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "stomata/mm² of a defined epidermal surface, with count, sampled area and counting rules", "why_it_matters": "Characterises a population while retaining the denominator needed to interpret the estimate." }, { "name": "Stomatal index", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "100 × S/(S + E) %, with explicit definitions of counted stomata S and other epidermal cells E", "why_it_matters": "Records relative stomatal abundance while exposing counting conventions that affect comparability." }, { "name": "Exposure conditions", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked time series of light, CO₂, temperature, humidity or vapour-pressure deficit, and water-status evidence", "why_it_matters": "Allows opening state and response to be interpreted against the conditions actually experienced." }, { "name": "Observed aperture response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "change in aperture, response latency and recovery over a stated observation interval", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a static observation from evidence that a stoma responds under tested conditions." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate, image and annotate candidate stomata, recording identification confidence and alternative interpretations.", "Measure pore and guard-cell geometry using calibrated images and reproducible landmarks.", "Estimate stomatal density, index and spatial variation over explicitly bounded epidermal samples.", "Track opening and closing of the same stomata through time while recording exposure conditions.", "Evaluate or conduct controlled environmental or chemical response tests when the specimen and protocol permit them.", "Relate sampled stomatal states to independently measured gas exchange, retaining differences in measurement scale and timing." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "willmer-fricker-1996", "title": "Stomata, 2nd edition - Chapman & Hall (Willmer & Fricker, 1996)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Specialist monograph covering structure, types, mechanics, physiology, and ecology of stomata." }, { "id": "taiz-zeiger", "title": "Plant Physiology and Development - Sinauer Associates / Oxford University Press (Taiz, Zeiger and co-authors, successive editions)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Standard account of guard-cell turgor mechanics, stomatal conductance, and the role of stomata in gas exchange and water relations." }, { "id": "hetherington-woodward-2003", "title": "The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change - Nature (Hetherington & Woodward, 2003)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01843", "what_it_supports": "Stomatal density and index as CO2-sensitive traits, evolutionary and palaeoclimatic use, and environmental control of stomatal development.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-stoma", "title": "Stoma (botany) - Wikimedia Foundation", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma", "what_it_supports": "Overview of morphology, subsidiary-cell types, distribution on the leaf, and the medical homonym.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "stomatal-identity-and-anatomy", "name": "Stomatal identity and anatomy", "description": "Establish what structure is being identified and which anatomical elements belong to the observation.", "rationale": "A pore-like image feature is not sufficient to recognise a stoma or define a stomatal complex.", "layers": [ { "id": "guard-cell-and-pore-recognition", "name": "Guard-cell and pore recognition", "description": "Record the anatomical evidence supporting or challenging stomatal identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "candidate-stoma-evidence", "name": "Candidate stoma evidence", "description": "Retain visible guard-cell boundaries, the pore region and evidence relevant to competing identifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed features establish a guard-cell pair and its pore region, including when the pore appears closed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "candidate-stoma-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this structure from a preparation tear, hydathode-associated water pore or lenticel?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "candidate-stoma-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "complex-boundary-and-organ-position", "name": "Complex boundary and organ position", "description": "Define the recorded anatomical unit and locate it on the specimen.", "findings": [ { "id": "stomatal-complex-extent", "name": "Stomatal-complex extent", "description": "Separate the pore and guard cells from any subsidiary cells included in the adopted complex definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this observation cover the pore, the guard-cell pair or a wider complex, and what criterion identifies included subsidiary cells?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stomatal-complex-extent-q01" }, { "text": "Which specimen, organ region and epidermal surface contain this stoma, and what record supports that location?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stomatal-complex-extent-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-opening-state", "name": "Development and opening state", "description": "Separate structural development and damage from the opening state observed at a particular time.", "rationale": "An absent or narrow visible opening can reflect development, closure, obstruction or damage, each with different implications.", "layers": [ { "id": "maturity-and-integrity", "name": "Maturity and integrity", "description": "Assess whether the stomatal structure is formed and sufficiently intact for the intended interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "formed-and-intact-stoma", "name": "Formed and intact stoma", "description": "Record developmental and integrity evidence independently of apparent aperture.", "questions": [ { "text": "What anatomical criteria support the assigned developmental stage and indicate that a pore has formed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "formed-and-intact-stoma-q01" }, { "text": "What observations indicate damage, collapse or obstruction that could invalidate an opening-state assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "formed-and-intact-stoma-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aperture-and-cell-geometry", "name": "Aperture and cell geometry", "description": "Record calibrated geometry and derive opening categories using explicit criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "time-specific-aperture", "name": "Time-specific aperture", "description": "Treat aperture as a time-specific observation with measurement limits rather than a permanent property.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the pore width, length or projected area at the recorded time, and which landmarks and calibration were used?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "time-specific-aperture-q01" }, { "text": "What resolution limit or threshold separates closed, partially open, open and indeterminate observations?", "kind": "definition", "id": "time-specific-aperture-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "epidermal-population-and-sampling", "name": "Epidermal population and sampling", "description": "Describe stomatal abundance and pattern within a defined surface while retaining sampling limitations.", "rationale": "Stomatal counts and distributions are properties of bounded populations and cannot be inferred reliably from a selected image alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "abundance-and-counting-denominators", "name": "Abundance and counting denominators", "description": "Make density and index estimates reproducible through explicit sampling and counting conventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "stomatal-count-basis", "name": "Stomatal count basis", "description": "Record the counted structures, epidermal area and cell denominator underlying each abundance estimate.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many stomata were counted in what calibrated epidermal area, and how were structures crossing image boundaries handled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stomatal-count-basis-q01" }, { "text": "For stomatal index, which epidermal cells enter the denominator, and how are subsidiary cells and immature structures treated?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stomatal-count-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-pattern-and-representativeness", "name": "Surface pattern and representativeness", "description": "Record spatial variation and the limits of extending sampled observations to a larger organ or specimen.", "findings": [ { "id": "stomatal-distribution-evidence", "name": "Stomatal distribution evidence", "description": "Retain sampling locations and spatial observations rather than reducing all surfaces to a single mean.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do stomatal spacing, clustering or row alignment vary across the sampled surface and organ regions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stomatal-distribution-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which surfaces, regions and specimens were sampled, and which population can those observations reasonably represent?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stomatal-distribution-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "response-and-intervention", "name": "Response and intervention", "description": "Connect observed aperture changes to documented exposures and constrain what actions or functional interpretations are justified.", "rationale": "A single opening-state observation does not establish responsiveness, its cause or the gas exchange attributable to stomata.", "layers": [ { "id": "exposure-linked-aperture-dynamics", "name": "Exposure-linked aperture dynamics", "description": "Record response trajectories with the environmental history and controls needed to interpret them.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-stomatal-response", "name": "Documented stomatal response", "description": "Describe measured aperture changes without presuming a universal response direction or mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "What aperture change, latency and recovery were measured in the same stomata after a defined exposure change?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-stomatal-response-q01" }, { "text": "What light, CO₂, temperature, humidity and specimen water-status records, baseline observations and controls support attribution to that exposure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-stomatal-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "permitted-tests-and-functional-inference", "name": "Permitted tests and functional inference", "description": "Specify suitable observations or interventions and the evidence needed to connect anatomy to exchange function.", "findings": [ { "id": "stomatal-test-selection", "name": "Stomatal test selection", "description": "Choose a test suited to the specimen while accounting for preparation effects on stomatal state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which imaging, environmental-change or chemical-treatment protocol can address the question for this specimen, with what exposure limits and stopping criteria?", "kind": "action", "id": "stomatal-test-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Could detachment, epidermal peeling, fixation or handling alter the aperture, and what comparison would assess that effect?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stomatal-test-selection-q02" } ] }, { "id": "gas-exchange-attribution", "name": "Gas-exchange attribution", "description": "Link stomatal observations to separate flux or conductance evidence without assigning organ-scale measurements directly to individual pores.", "questions": [ { "text": "What independent gas-exchange or conductance measurement overlaps the stomatal observations in time, surface and sampled area?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "gas-exchange-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What assumptions and other exchange pathways limit attributing the measured flux to these observed stomata?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "gas-exchange-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "kidney-shaped (elliptic) stomata, the common form in most eudicots and many other groups", "dumbbell-shaped (graminaceous) stomata, characteristic of grasses and some other monocots", "anomocytic (ranunculaceous): no morphologically distinct subsidiary cells", "anisocytic (cruciferous): typically three subsidiary cells of unequal size", "paracytic (rubiaceous): one or more subsidiary cells parallel to the long axis of the pore", "diacytic (caryophyllaceous): subsidiary cells with their common wall at right angles to the pore", "hypostomatic: stomata confined to the abaxial leaf surface", "amphistomatic: stomata on both leaf surfaces (epistomatic, adaxial-only, is rarer)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q182047", "note": "Botanical stoma/stomata as an anatomical structure (not the surgical sense)." }, { "scheme": "Plant Ontology", "value_or_pattern": "PO:0008032", "note": "Class stomatal complex (pore plus guard cells and associated subsidiary cells), Planteome/OBO." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Plant Ontology (Planteome Consortium / OBO Foundry) - controlled vocabulary for the anatomical entity, not a performance or safety code.", "Metcalfe & Chalk subsidiary-cell typology in Anatomy of the Dicotyledons (Oxford University Press) is the de facto descriptive standard used in comparative leaf anatomy; it is a monograph classification, not a formal issued code." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "The ordinary path of terrestrial-plant gas exchange and of most leaf transpiration.", "Palaeoclimate reconstruction: stomatal density and stomatal index of fossil and herbarium leaves used as a proxy for past atmospheric CO2.", "Crop and irrigation work: stomatal conductance and density are breeding and management targets for water-use efficiency.", "Land-surface and Earth-system models parameterize canopy exchange with stomatal-conductance formulations (Ball-Berry, Medlyn and related).", "Infection biology: many foliar bacteria and some fungi enter, or are blocked, at open stomata.", "Taxonomy and cuticle analysis: stomatal type and distribution are diagnostic characters in living floras and in palaeobotany." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "stomatal density", "typical_range": "50-400 (mesophytic leaves; recorded extremes roughly 10-1000)", "unit": "mm^-2" }, { "quantity": "stomatal index", "typical_range": "8-25", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "guard-cell length", "typical_range": "15-50 (some grasses and woody taxa outside this)", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "pore aperture width", "typical_range": "0-12 (closed to fully open)", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs)", "typical_range": "0.05-0.5 when open in the light for typical C3 leaves; near 0 when closed", "unit": "mol m^-2 s^-1" }, { "quantity": "aperture response time", "typical_range": "5-60", "unit": "min" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Incomplete closure in drought, causing excess transpiration and contributing to hydraulic failure.", "Failure to open, or overly conservative closure, cutting CO2 uptake, cooling, and growth.", "Pathogen entry and chemical suppression of stomatal immunity (classic example: coronatine-producing Pseudomonas syringae).", "Foliar injury from ozone, SO2 and other gases whose uptake is gated by stomatal aperture.", "Occlusion by dust, aerosols or heavy epicuticular wax, reducing conductance.", "Nocturnal or leaky opening, wasting water without photosynthetic return." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "American English often uses stomate/stomates; British and most international botanical usage uses stoma/stomata.", "Amphistomaty and sunken or crypt-hidden stomata are more frequent in arid and high-light floras; hypostomaty is typical of many temperate forest trees.", "Dumbbell-shaped grass-type stomata characterize Poaceae worldwide; kidney-shaped types dominate most other angiosperm floras.", "Anatomical schools differ in which subsidiary-cell typology they apply (Metcalfe & Chalk versus Dilcher or van Cotthem)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "hydathode", "difference": "A hydathode discharges liquid water (guttation) at a vein ending through epithem tissue; it is not a turgor-gated pore between a pair of guard cells opening onto a substomatal chamber." }, { "name": "lenticel", "difference": "A lenticel is a corky gas-exchange opening in periderm or bark and has no guard-cell pair." }, { "name": "glandular trichome or extrafloral nectary", "difference": "These are secretory epidermal outgrowths or glands, not a pore delimited by two guard cells." }, { "name": "surgical stoma (ostomy)", "difference": "A surgically created opening in a human or animal organ (colostomy, tracheostomy, etc.); same English plural, unrelated structure, separated by organism and anatomical context." }, { "name": "cuticular crack or torn epidermis", "difference": "An irregular mechanical break lacks a differentiated guard-cell pair, a defined pore axis, and a substomatal chamber." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of stomata this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the registry entry encompass hydathode-associated water pores and stomata across all stomata-bearing plant lineages, or should some cases be represented through neighbouring models?", "Which stomatal-complex classification and subsidiary-cell criteria should be adopted, and how should disagreement between classification systems be represented?", "What taxon- and method-specific criteria can reliably distinguish mature, closed, nonresponsive and damaged stomata?", "Which sampling designs and epidermal-cell counting conventions provide comparable density and stomatal-index estimates across the intended organs and taxa?", "Under which validated conditions can observed aperture distributions support estimates of stomatal conductance, and what independent measurements remain necessary?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a stomata, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise stomata, assess their developmental and functional state, and determine which observations or interventions are justified by the evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a stomata, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one stomata from another, and a stomata from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a stomata sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a stomata from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a stomata is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a stomata is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a stomata is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a stomata is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a stomata is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a stomata is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a stomata passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a stomata between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a stomata, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a stomata is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What stomata is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does stomata perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise stomata, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How stomata is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does stomata have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does stomata need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about stomata is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about stomata hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern stomata, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a stomata came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a stomata and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a stomata is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a stomata, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a stomata, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a stomata is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }