{ "model": { "rank": 2889, "code": "thing-q21695", "model_id": "vr.tr.podicipedidae", "name": "Podicipedidae", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise members of Podicipedidae, assess their aquatic life state and ecological dependencies, and determine evidence-supported observation, conservation or care actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q21695/", "tier": 2, "score": 95, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 95, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q21695", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21695", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:29:03Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00218008, "turns": 1, "seconds": 23.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 92.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c0d-761f-79d3-996f-f09f64f02d3f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Podicipedidae\nRegistry id: vr.tr.podicipedidae\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q21695", "registryId": "vr.tr.podicipedidae", "name": "Podicipedidae", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q21695/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.podicipedidae", "name": "Podicipedidae", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise members of Podicipedidae, assess their aquatic life state and ecological dependencies, and determine evidence-supported observation, conservation or care actions.", "definition": "Podicipedidae is the sole family of the order Podicipediformes, comprising the grebes: foot-propelled diving waterbirds with lobed (not webbed) toes, a vestigial tail, and a unique nest-and-chick biology.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the family-level recognition criteria and assessment requirements for Podicipedidae, registered as vr.tr.podicipedidae in PHY / PHY.LIV, with observations attached explicitly to a taxon, individual or population rather than attributed indiscriminately to the whole family.", "in_scope": [ "Family membership, identification confidence and unresolved species assignments.", "Grebe morphology, diving behaviour and context-dependent locomotor capability.", "Aquatic habitat use, prey relationships and seasonal movement.", "Breeding state, nest dependence and parent-chick relationships.", "Individual condition, population evidence and constraints on intervention." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete species descriptions and species-specific diagnostic keys, owned by linked species models.", "Waterbody hydrology, chemistry and wetland management as independent systems.", "Full models of fish, aquatic invertebrates, predators and pathogens.", "Veterinary diagnosis, treatment protocols and rehabilitation facility operations.", "Legal instruments, permit administration and conservation programme governance." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Where feet are visible, test for individually lobed toes and rear-set legs; lobed feet distinguish grebes from fully webbed-footed waterbirds but are insufficient alone. [Cornell identification account](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Eared_Grebe/id/)", "Test for a rudimentary tail lacking stiff tail feathers together with the grebe foot configuration when separating a grebe from a loon or auk; an obscured tail is unknown evidence, not an absent tail. [Family morphology account](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Podicipediformes/)", "For duck-like candidates, combine bill shape, near-tailless outline and diving posture; do not require every grebe to have a slender bill, since Pied-billed Grebes have short, thick bills. [Cornell Pied-billed Grebe identification](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pied-billed_Grebe/id)", "For a lobed-footed candidate such as a coot, require additional agreement with grebe leg placement and tail anatomy before accepting family identification. [Family morphology account](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Podicipediformes/)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Podicipedidae membership; proposed genus or species; authority and version; confidence", "why_it_matters": "Controls which species-level expectations may be applied and permits unresolved family-only identification." }, { "name": "Diagnostic character evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Toe lobation, leg placement, tail development and bill profile; each observed, obscured, contradictory or unexamined", "why_it_matters": "Prevents resemblance to another diving waterbird from becoming an unsupported identification." }, { "name": "Plumage and developmental context", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Chick, juvenile, adult or unknown; breeding, nonbreeding, transitional or unknown plumage; moult evidence", "why_it_matters": "Identification and interpretation of behaviour depend on age and seasonal appearance." }, { "name": "Aquatic locomotor performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dive duration in seconds; dives per observation minute; surface recovery observations; observation conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of foraging and locomotion without imposing a single family-wide performance threshold." }, { "name": "Flight capability assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Flight observed; not assessed; suspected temporary limitation; documented taxon-level flightlessness; suspected injury", "why_it_matters": "Failure to observe flight must not automatically be interpreted as injury." }, { "name": "Waterbody use", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked waterbody and locality; breeding, feeding, resting, moulting or passage use; date and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects the bird's requirements to the particular habitat and life stage being assessed." }, { "name": "Reproductive association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Pair, nest, eggs, dependent chicks and caregivers; confirmed, suspected or unknown association", "why_it_matters": "Reveals dependencies that observation or intervention could disrupt." }, { "name": "Condition and exposure", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed injury, entanglement, contamination, stranding, abnormal behaviour or no visible impairment; confidence and timestamp", "why_it_matters": "Separates observable concerns from diagnosis and supports proportionate escalation." }, { "name": "Population observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Individuals counted; survey area, duration, method and detection limitations", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison while accounting for birds temporarily hidden underwater or outside the surveyed area." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify an observed bird to family and propose a species assignment with explicit alternatives and confidence.", "Plan and record observation sessions that account for diving, seasonal appearance and breeding activity.", "Relate feeding, resting and breeding observations to specific waterbody conditions.", "Track nests, dependent chicks and local abundance without confusing observations with confirmed reproductive success.", "Flag evidence of impairment or exposure and route it to an appropriately qualified responder.", "Evaluate proposed habitat or observation actions against documented grebe dependencies and applicable external rules." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-wikipedia-podicipedidae", "title": "Podicipedidae", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipedidae", "what_it_supports": "Family circumscription, genera, morphology, and breeding biology of grebes.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "grebe-identity", "name": "Grebe identity", "description": "Establish whether evidence supports Podicipedidae membership and how narrowly the organism can be identified.", "rationale": "A grebe model must distinguish family recognition from species identification and avoid treating all diving waterbirds as equivalent.", "layers": [ { "id": "family-recognition", "name": "Family recognition", "description": "Evaluate the combination of visible characters supporting a grebe identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-combination", "name": "Diagnostic character combination", "description": "Record feet, leg placement, tail and bill evidence separately, including unavailable observations and plausible lookalikes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed combination supports Podicipedidae rather than a loon, duck, coot or auk?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-character-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which diagnostic features were actually visible, and what image, specimen or observer record supports them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "diagnostic-character-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-resolution", "name": "Taxonomic resolution", "description": "Bound the identification by authority, geography and developmental or seasonal appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-membership-resolution", "name": "Supported membership resolution", "description": "Keep family membership distinct from a tentative species label and preserve disagreements between classifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic authority and version place the proposed species or genus within Podicipedidae?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-membership-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Do age, plumage, locality or conflicting characters require retaining identification at family or genus level?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-membership-resolution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "aquatic-function", "name": "Aquatic function", "description": "Assess diving, surface behaviour and movement in their biological context.", "rationale": "Grebe state cannot be judged using terrestrial mobility or observed flight alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "diving-and-surfacing", "name": "Diving and surfacing", "description": "Describe underwater activity and surface recovery without assuming a universal normal range.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-dive-performance", "name": "Contextual dive performance", "description": "Record dive sequences, apparent purpose and recovery alongside species uncertainty and water conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dive durations, surface intervals and visible feeding outcomes were recorded over what observation period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contextual-dive-performance-q01" }, { "text": "What species- and context-matched evidence is needed before interpreting this diving pattern as impaired?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contextual-dive-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-capability", "name": "Movement capability", "description": "Separate observed movement from assumptions about flight, land mobility and access to water.", "findings": [ { "id": "capability-versus-impairment", "name": "Capability versus impairment", "description": "Assess apparent movement limitations using taxon, moult, setting and direct signs of injury.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a movement limitation supported by direct observation, taxon-specific evidence, moult evidence or an inferred injury?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "capability-versus-impairment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the bird's location and access to usable water warrant continued observation or qualified rescue assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "capability-versus-impairment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "waterbody-and-feeding-dependencies", "name": "Waterbody and feeding dependencies", "description": "Connect grebe occurrence to the water, prey and seasonal conditions supporting it.", "rationale": "Presence on water does not establish that the site can sustain feeding, breeding or seasonal refuge.", "layers": [ { "id": "aquatic-site-use", "name": "Aquatic site use", "description": "Identify the function of an occupied waterbody and the conditions relevant to that function.", "findings": [ { "id": "site-function-and-access", "name": "Site function and access", "description": "Record whether use concerns feeding, nesting, resting, moult or passage, with uncertainty retained.", "questions": [ { "text": "What repeated behaviour supports the assigned site function rather than a brief occurrence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "site-function-and-access-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured water-level, vegetation, salinity or access conditions are relevant to this taxon and activity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "site-function-and-access-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prey-use", "name": "Prey use", "description": "Describe observed feeding relationships without imposing a uniform fish-based diet.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-feeding-dependency", "name": "Supported feeding dependency", "description": "Distinguish identified prey and observed capture from assumptions based on local prey availability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which prey items were actually identified, by what method and with what confidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-feeding-dependency-q01" }, { "text": "What feeding rate or prey-availability evidence would support concern about food limitation at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-feeding-dependency-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "breeding-and-dependent-young", "name": "Breeding and dependent young", "description": "Represent nesting activity and the dependencies between adults, eggs and chicks.", "rationale": "Assessment must account for aquatic nest settings and parental care rather than treating every bird as an independent mobile adult.", "layers": [ { "id": "nest-state", "name": "Nest state", "description": "Assess nest association, occupancy and exposure to changing site conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "nest-activity-and-stability", "name": "Nest activity and stability", "description": "Record observed nest material, support, adult attendance and reproductive stage without inferring contents from distant views.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence links this nest to the identified grebes and establishes construction, incubation, hatching or inactivity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "nest-activity-and-stability-q01" }, { "text": "What changes in water level, wave exposure or supporting vegetation could affect this particular nest?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "nest-activity-and-stability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chick-dependence", "name": "Chick dependence", "description": "Track young with caregivers and distinguish temporary separation from unsupported abandonment claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "caregiver-association", "name": "Caregiver association", "description": "Record feeding, proximity and any back-carrying as observed care behaviours; back-carrying is documented in Pied-billed Grebes. [Cornell life-history overview](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pied-billed_Grebe/overview)", "questions": [ { "text": "How many dependent young and associated caregivers were observed, including chicks potentially concealed on or near adults?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "caregiver-association-q01" }, { "text": "What observation history and qualified guidance are needed before treating a separated chick as requiring intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "caregiver-association-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-conservation-and-action", "name": "Condition, conservation and action", "description": "Translate individual and population evidence into bounded responses.", "rationale": "A family-level grebe record must not turn a local sighting into a conservation trend or an apparent difficulty into permission to handle wildlife.", "layers": [ { "id": "individual-concern", "name": "Individual concern", "description": "Identify observable impairment and determine the evidence needed for an appropriate response.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-and-response", "name": "Exposure and response", "description": "Keep entanglement, contamination, injury and unusual behaviour separate from unconfirmed diagnoses.", "questions": [ { "text": "What direct evidence documents impairment or exposure, and how has the bird's condition changed over time?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "exposure-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which qualified responder, local requirements and site-specific constraints govern any proposed handling or rescue?", "kind": "action", "id": "exposure-and-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-and-site-decisions", "name": "Population and site decisions", "description": "Assess local counts and conservation relevance at the correct taxonomic and spatial scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-population-evidence", "name": "Interpretable population evidence", "description": "Require comparable survey effort, seasonal context and named assessment scope before assigning trends or conservation priorities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are counts comparable after accounting for diving birds, survey coverage, season and movement between waterbodies?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-population-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which current species or population assessment and documented site dependencies support the proposed conservation action?", "kind": "action", "id": "interpretable-population-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "dabchicks and small grebes (Tachybaptus, including little grebe T. ruficollis and least grebe T. dominicus)", "typical grebes of the Holarctic (Podiceps, including great crested, red-necked, horned/Slavonian, and black-necked/eared grebes)", "western grebe and Clark's grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis and A. clarkii)", "pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and the extinct Atitlán grebe (P. gigas)", "hoary-headed grebe and Australasian grebe (Poliocephalus poliocephalus and P. rufopectus)", "great grebe (Podicephorus / Podiceps major of southern South America)", "silvery grebe and Junin grebe (Podiceps occipitalis and P. taczanowskii of Andean lakes)", "Titicaca grebe / short-winged grebe (Rollandia microptera) and white-tufted grebe (R. rolland)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Podicipedidae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q18498", "note": "Podicipedidae (taxon)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Podicipedidae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which taxonomic authority and version should define included living, recently extinct and fossil members of this registry entry?", "Which family recognition characters remain reliable for chicks, incomplete specimens and photographs where feet and tail are hidden?", "What species-, age-, season- and habitat-specific baselines distinguish normal diving, moult and flight limitations from impairment?", "How broadly do nest architecture, chick back-carrying and caregiver arrangements apply across the family, and which exceptions require species-level rules?", "Which regional evidence supports disturbance limits, rescue thresholds and interpretation of grebe counts at breeding and nonbreeding sites?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 12, "questions": 22 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Podicipedidae, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise members of Podicipedidae, assess their aquatic life state and ecological dependencies, and determine evidence-supported observation, conservation or care actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 95 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Podicipedidae, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 95 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Podicipedidae from another, and a Podicipedidae from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Podicipedidae sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Podicipedidae from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Podicipedidae is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Podicipedidae and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Podicipedidae is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Podicipedidae is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Podicipedidae is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Podicipedidae moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Podicipedidae passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Podicipedidae between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Podicipedidae, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Podicipedidae is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Podicipedidae is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Podicipedidae, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Podicipedidae from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Podicipedidae from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Podicipedidae does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Podicipedidae pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Podicipedidae judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Podicipedidae lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Podicipedidae, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Podicipedidae hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Podicipedidae came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Podicipedidae and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Podicipedidae is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Podicipedidae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Podicipedidae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Podicipedidae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }