{ "model": { "rank": 6189, "code": "thing-q217029", "model_id": "vr.tr.qadi", "name": "qadi", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a person acting as a qadi, assess the standing and limits of that judicial role, and identify which matters or requests may properly be referred to them.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q217029/", "tier": 2, "score": 62, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 62, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.qadi", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q217029", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217029", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T12:05:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01208292, "turns": 1, "seconds": 138.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 85.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bbd-b291-7c23-9c31-687822b9e402\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: qadi\nRegistry id: vr.tr.qadi\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.PER\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model s" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q217029", "registryId": "vr.tr.qadi", "name": "qadi", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q217029/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.qadi", "name": "qadi", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a person acting as a qadi, assess the standing and limits of that judicial role, and identify which matters or requests may properly be referred to them.", "definition": "A qadi is a judge appointed by a Muslim public authority to hear cases and issue binding judgments according to Islamic law (sharia as applied through a school of fiqh), and historically also to authenticate contracts, register marriages and divorces, supervise endowments (waqf), and perform related notarial and local-administrative acts in a defined territory.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the person-in-role identified by vr.tr.qadi: their evidenced judicial appointment, jurisdiction, adjudicative capacity, ancillary duties and accountability in a specified place and period; the working interpretation is a judge associated with Islamic jurisprudence, subject to verification of local usage ([background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi)).", "in_scope": [ "Evidence that a named person holds or held a qadi appointment.", "Territorial, personal, subject-matter and temporal limits of that appointment.", "Applicable legal framework and demonstrated qualifications for the particular office.", "The capacity in which the qadi hears, decides, authenticates or supervises a matter.", "Current authority, disqualification, delegation and review relationships." ], "out_of_scope": [ "The court as an organisation, including its facilities, staffing and administration.", "The complete dispute, its parties, evidence and procedural history.", "The judgment or other legal instrument as a separately maintained record.", "Islamic jurisprudence, legal schools and legislation as bodies of doctrine.", "The person's unrelated biography, religious leadership or scholarly activities.", "Police, enforcement agencies and the assets or endowments under supervision." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence of a judicial role; the appearance of qadi in a name, honorific or translation alone does not establish an appointment.", "Distinguish adjudicating a matter from providing a mufti's legal opinion, recording which capacity the person actually exercised.", "Distinguish judicial authority from an imam's religious leadership or a scholar's expertise; neither establishes jurisdiction over a dispute.", "Distinguish a qadi appointment from an arbitrator's authority arising from a particular agreement, even when one person performs both roles.", "Resolve whether the local term denotes the intended Islamic judicial role or a broader category of judge before classifying the person." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Local role designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Original-language title, transliteration and evidenced local meaning", "why_it_matters": "Prevents names and translations from being mistaken for proof of judicial authority." }, { "name": "Appointment basis", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Person linked to appointing authority, appointment evidence and designated office", "why_it_matters": "Establishes why the person may act as qadi and identifies the source of that authority." }, { "name": "Authority status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Appointed but not commenced; serving; suspended; ended; disputed; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates historical titleholding from authority to act at the relevant time." }, { "name": "Tenure interval", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Start and end dates with calendar, precision and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Allows an act to be checked against the period of appointment." }, { "name": "Jurisdiction", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to territory, covered persons, permitted matters and effective restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a proposed matter falls within the particular commission." }, { "name": "Governing legal framework", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable enactments, procedural rules and any evidenced jurisprudential requirements", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a single presumed version of Islamic law from being applied across offices and periods." }, { "name": "Capacity exercised", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Adjudication; mediation; authentication; guardianship supervision; endowment supervision; other evidenced duty", "why_it_matters": "Separates judicial decisions from other acts performed by the same officeholder." }, { "name": "Matter-specific eligibility", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unchecked; eligible under identified rules; potential conflict; recused; disqualified; disputed", "why_it_matters": "An otherwise valid appointment does not settle whether the qadi may hear a particular matter." }, { "name": "Review and enforcement relationships", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified reviewing, supervisory and enforcing bodies with their respective powers", "why_it_matters": "Separates authority to decide from authority to review or execute a decision." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a title-bearing person to an evidenced qadi appointment and flag uncertain matches.", "Screen a proposed referral against the qadi's documented jurisdiction and tenure.", "Identify missing appointment, qualification or conflict information before recommending assignment.", "Attribute an act to the capacity in which the qadi performed it.", "Locate the documented route for review, complaint or enforcement.", "Track changes of appointment, suspension or delegation and identify affected referrals." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ei2-kadi", "title": "Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, s.v. \"Ḳāḍī\"", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Classical office, appointment, procedure, and the distinction from mufti and mazalim jurisdiction." }, { "id": "hallaq-2005", "title": "The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Formation of the qadi's court, relationship to the early caliphal state, and the shift from arbitrator to appointed judge." }, { "id": "schacht-1964", "title": "An Introduction to Islamic Law", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Fiqh rules of procedure, evidence, and the legal theory of qada' (judgeship)." }, { "id": "tyan-organisation", "title": "Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Institutional history of Islamic courts, grades of qadi, and neighbouring offices." }, { "id": "vikor-2005", "title": "Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "How qadis actually sat between fiqh and the ruler's siyasa, including Ottoman practice." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "qadi-identity-and-commission", "name": "Qadi identity and commission", "description": "Establish who the officeholder is and what supports recognition of their judicial role.", "rationale": "A title or scholarly reputation cannot substitute for evidence of the relevant appointment.", "layers": [ { "id": "title-and-role-identification", "name": "Title and role identification", "description": "Resolve local terminology and distinguish officeholding from naming conventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-qadi-role", "name": "Evidenced qadi role", "description": "Record the evidence connecting this person to the intended judicial role.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the recorded title mean in this language, locality and period?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evidenced-qadi-role-q01" }, { "text": "Which source identifies this person as an officeholding qadi rather than merely carrying the title or name?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-qadi-role-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "commission-and-tenure", "name": "Commission and tenure", "description": "Locate the grant of authority and its period of operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "appointment-standing", "name": "Appointment standing", "description": "Record appointment, commencement, termination and any contest over authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who appointed or recognised this qadi, and what evidence records the commission?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "appointment-standing-q01" }, { "text": "During which dates was the commission effective, and how precise are those dates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "appointment-standing-q02" }, { "text": "What suspension, removal, expiry or dispute changes whether the person may act now or at the date being assessed?", "kind": "action", "id": "appointment-standing-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "jurisdiction-and-legal-basis", "name": "Jurisdiction and legal basis", "description": "Determine the matters covered by this qadi's commission and the framework governing their exercise.", "rationale": "The designation qadi does not establish a uniform jurisdiction across places and periods.", "layers": [ { "id": "jurisdictional-reach", "name": "Jurisdictional reach", "description": "Record the persons, places and subjects over which authority extends.", "findings": [ { "id": "referral-boundaries", "name": "Referral boundaries", "description": "Identify the conditions that place a proposed matter within or outside the commission.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which territories, categories of persons and subjects fall within this qadi's documented authority?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "referral-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "What consent, residence, subject-matter or other conditions must be established before referring this matter?", "kind": "action", "id": "referral-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "applicable-law-and-competence", "name": "Applicable law and competence", "description": "Connect the appointment to its actual legal and qualification requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "governing-framework", "name": "Governing framework", "description": "Record applicable rules without treating personal jurisprudential affiliation as sufficient evidence of governing law.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sources establish the statutes, procedural rules or jurisprudential requirements governing this office?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "governing-framework-q01" }, { "text": "Which qualifications are required for this appointment, and what evidence establishes whether the person meets them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "governing-framework-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "adjudication-and-decision-capacity", "name": "Adjudication and decision capacity", "description": "Establish the qadi's permitted role in hearing a matter and producing a judicial act.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a competent adjudicator from an adviser and an operative decision from other statements.", "layers": [ { "id": "hearing-eligibility", "name": "Hearing eligibility", "description": "Assess whether this officeholder may participate in the particular proceeding.", "findings": [ { "id": "matter-specific-competence", "name": "Matter-specific competence", "description": "Record assignment, relevant conflicts and procedural prerequisites for hearing the matter.", "questions": [ { "text": "What assignment or procedural step authorises this qadi to hear the particular matter?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "matter-specific-competence-q01" }, { "text": "Which relationships to parties, prior involvement or other conditions require disclosure, recusal or reassignment under the applicable rules?", "kind": "action", "id": "matter-specific-competence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "judicial-act-attribution", "name": "Judicial act attribution", "description": "Identify what the qadi did and the authority in which they did it.", "findings": [ { "id": "act-type-and-effect", "name": "Act type and effect", "description": "Link the officeholder to the actual instrument while separating adjudication, advice and recorded agreement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this act a judgment, procedural order, legal opinion, mediated agreement or another locally defined act?", "kind": "definition", "id": "act-type-and-effect-q01" }, { "text": "What authenticated record establishes the qadi's participation and the capacity exercised?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "act-type-and-effect-q02" }, { "text": "Which conditions govern whether the act has effect, remains challengeable or may be referred for enforcement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "act-type-and-effect-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ancillary-qadi-duties", "name": "Ancillary qadi duties", "description": "Record non-adjudicative powers only when supported for the particular appointment.", "rationale": "A qadi's documented duties may extend beyond deciding disputes, but the title alone cannot establish those additional powers.", "layers": [ { "id": "protective-and-endowment-duties", "name": "Protective and endowment duties", "description": "Determine whether the office includes duties concerning guardianship, protected persons or endowments.", "findings": [ { "id": "supervisory-mandate", "name": "Supervisory mandate", "description": "Separate an evidenced supervisory power from direct management or personal custodianship.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this commission grant any authority over guardianship or waqf supervision, and which source establishes it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supervisory-mandate-q01" }, { "text": "Where does the qadi's supervisory authority end and the guardian's, trustee's or administrator's responsibility begin?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supervisory-mandate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "authentication-and-settlement-duties", "name": "Authentication and settlement duties", "description": "Identify any authorised documentary, certification or settlement functions.", "findings": [ { "id": "nonjudgment-service-capacity", "name": "Nonjudgment service capacity", "description": "Record whether the qadi may provide the requested service and what performing it establishes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authentication, registration or mediation services are explicitly assigned to this qadi?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "nonjudgment-service-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "For the requested service, may the qadi act directly, delegate it or refer it elsewhere?", "kind": "action", "id": "nonjudgment-service-capacity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "oversight-delegation-and-continuity", "name": "Oversight, delegation and continuity", "description": "Track how authority is checked, exercised through others and handed over.", "rationale": "Referrals and reliance on judicial acts require knowledge of who can review, enforce or continue the qadi's work.", "layers": [ { "id": "review-and-enforcement-links", "name": "Review and enforcement links", "description": "Locate distinct routes for challenging an act, reporting conduct and executing a decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability-routes", "name": "Accountability routes", "description": "Record evidenced oversight relationships without assuming a modern appellate hierarchy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What review or complaint mechanisms exist for this qadi's decisions and conduct in the relevant period?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accountability-routes-q01" }, { "text": "Who may enforce an operative decision, and what must the qadi or requesting party provide to initiate that process?", "kind": "action", "id": "accountability-routes-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deputies-and-succession", "name": "Deputies and succession", "description": "Record authorised substitution and the handling of matters when tenure changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "delegated-and-continuing-authority", "name": "Delegated and continuing authority", "description": "Distinguish the qadi's own authority from a deputy's mandate and a successor's responsibilities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which functions may a deputy exercise, under whose grant and within what limits?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "delegated-and-continuing-authority-q01" }, { "text": "When the qadi is absent, suspended or replaced, who may receive pending matters and maintain access to the relevant judicial records?", "kind": "action", "id": "delegated-and-continuing-authority-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ordinary territorial qadi of a city, town, or district", "Chief judge (qadi al-qudat) over a capital or realm, who appoints and disciplines other qadis", "Military judge (qadi al-askar / kadiasker) for army personnel and related cases", "Deputy qadi (na'ib) sitting in place of, or as a circuit under, an appointed qadi", "Madhhab-specific qadi in a multi-rite city (e.g. a Hanafi qadi beside a Shafi'i or Maliki colleague)", "Modern personal-status or family-law qadi whose docket is limited to marriage, divorce, custody, and inheritance", "Appellate sharia-court qadi in contemporary dual-court systems", "Colonial or registrar qazi retained mainly to record Muslim marriages and personal status (especially South Asia)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q185351", "note": "Item for the Islamic judicial office (qadi / kadi / qazi), not for individual holders." }, { "scheme": "Arabic lemma", "value_or_pattern": "قاضي (qāḍī); plural قضاة (quḍāh)", "note": "Standard Arabic name of the office." }, { "scheme": "Library of Congress Subject Headings", "value_or_pattern": "Qadis", "note": "Authorized heading for the office and its holders." }, { "scheme": "Common romanizations", "value_or_pattern": "qadi | kadi | qazi | kazi | cadi | alkali", "note": "Orthographies used in Arabic, Ottoman/Turkish, South Asian, older European, and Hausa contexts." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Classical procedural law of judgeship (qada') as compiled in adab al-qadi treatises, notably Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar al-Khaṣṣāf, Adab al-qāḍī (Hanafi juristic tradition, not a state statute).", "Ottoman kanun (sultanic regulations) on kadi appointment, fees, and the kaza as a judicial district, issued by the imperial chancery and applied alongside sharia in kadi courts.", "Morocco, Family Code (Moudawana), Law 70-03 of 2004 - governs family-law adjudication in which qadis and family-court judges sit.", "Malaysia, state Administration of Islamic Law enactments and Syariah Court legislation - constitute and limit the kadi/syariah judiciary in each state.", "Northern Nigerian states' Sharia Courts of Appeal and Area/Sharia Court laws - statutory basis for contemporary qadi courts in that federation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In pre-modern cities the qadi's majlis was the ordinary forum for debt, property, marriage, divorce, inheritance, and waqf disputes, and the place where sale and endowment deeds were witnessed and recorded.", "Ottoman kadi sicils (court registers) survive as the main local archive of urban life: they mix litigation with notarial acts, price lists, and orders from the centre.", "Today a qadi is most often encountered as a family-law or sharia-court judge in states that retained a personal-status track (e.g. Morocco, Jordan, Egypt's family courts in the Islamic-law tradition, Malaysia, Brunei, northern Nigeria).", "In parts of South Asia a qazi may function mainly as a marriage registrar for Muslims rather than as a full trial judge.", "Litigants still treat the qadi as the official who can make a hukm that the political authority is expected to enforce, as distinct from a mufti's advisory fatwa." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Appointment term (Ottoman territorial kadi, typical practice)", "typical_range": "about 1-2", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "Number of legally sufficient witnesses for a typical pecuniary claim", "typical_range": "2 (adult male 'adl witnesses; female and non-Muslim testimony restricted or excluded depending on madhhab and claim type)", "unit": "persons" }, { "quantity": "Territorial jurisdiction", "typical_range": "one town or Ottoman kaza; a chief qadi's remit is a capital or province", "unit": "administrative district" }, { "quantity": "Deputies (nuwwab) under a busy urban qadi", "typical_range": "0-several", "unit": "persons" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Venality: sale of office, fee-gouging, and bribery, a recurrent complaint in chronicles and visitation records.", "Ignorance or weak training (a 'jahil' qadi), producing unsound judgments and dependence on poorly chosen assessors.", "Partiality (mayl) toward kin, patrons, one madhhab, or the appointing ruler.", "Unenforceable hukm when the qadi lacks the ruler's coercive backing.", "Jurisdictional clash with mazalim boards, the muhtasib, military courts, or modern civil courts, leading to forum shopping and contradictory orders.", "Procedural inequality built into classical evidence rules (gender, religion, slave status), which modern reformers treat as a rights hazard.", "Capture of short-tenure postings by local notables, or the opposite: a revolving door that destroys local legal memory." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ottoman lands: kadi of a kaza, supervised by kadiaskers; court sicils are the characteristic record; kanun and sharia sat in the same court.", "Maghrib and al-Andalus: typically a Maliki qadi, often a prominent urban office; Spanish alcalde derives from al-qadi but became a municipal magistrate.", "South Asia: qazi/kazi; under the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals a full judge, under the British often reduced toward marriage and personal-status registration, a role that still exists.", "West Africa: Hausa alkali (from al-qadi); emirate courts historically and, in northern Nigeria, reconstituted sharia courts.", "Southeast Asia: kadi/syariah court judge in Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore; overlapping but not identical to Indonesian penghulu and religious-court (pengadilan agama) judges.", "Iran: qazi in the sharia tradition, later largely absorbed into the modern state judiciary (dadgostari) after legal reforms." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Mufti", "difference": "A mufti issues a non-binding fatwa on a legal question; a qadi issues a binding hukm in a concrete case after hearing parties." }, { "name": "Hakam (arbitrator)", "difference": "A hakam is chosen by the parties for a dispute; a qadi is appointed by public authority and his competence does not depend on that choice." }, { "name": "Sahib al-mazalim / mazalim board", "difference": "Mazalim is the ruler's grievance and equity jurisdiction, used especially against officials; the qadi's court is the ordinary sharia forum between private parties." }, { "name": "Muhtasib", "difference": "The muhtasib polices markets, public morals, and hisba offences on the spot; the qadi tries private claims under courtroom procedure." }, { "name": "Imam (prayer leader)", "difference": "An imam leads worship and may teach; he is not thereby a judge, though in some small communities one person has held both roles." }, { "name": "Notary / professional witnesses ('udul)", "difference": "They attest and draft; they do not decide the case. The qadi may rely on them and may also perform notarial acts, but the distinguishing act is the judgment." }, { "name": "Civil or common-law trial judge", "difference": "Applies state codes and judicial precedent as such; a qadi's formal source is fiqh (and, where dual courts exist, a personal-status statute), even if the same modern official sometimes sits in both capacities." }, { "name": "Alcalde (Iberian municipal magistrate)", "difference": "The word comes from al-qadi, but the alcalde is a Spanish municipal or royal officer under Christian law, not a sharia judge." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of qadi this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend qadi specifically as an Islamic judicial officeholder, or also broader contemporary Arabic uses meaning judge?", "Which places and historical periods must the model support, and which appointment and jurisdiction distinctions require separate variants within this entry?", "What evidence is sufficient to recognise an appointment when only chronicles, biographies or disputed community records survive?", "Which ancillary duties are evidenced for the intended contexts, particularly guardianship, waqf supervision, authentication and mediation?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this person-in-role concept, requiring a registry link rather than a separate publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a qadi, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a person acting as a qadi, assess the standing and limits of that judicial role, and identify which matters or requests may properly be referred to them.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a qadi, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one qadi from another, and a qadi from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a qadi sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a qadi from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a qadi is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a qadi is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a qadi moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a qadi passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a qadi between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a qadi, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a qadi is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a qadi.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a qadi and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a qadi, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a qadi and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a qadi sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as qadi.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does qadi require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses qadi, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What qadi actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define qadi, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as qadi, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a qadi came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a qadi and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a qadi is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a qadi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a qadi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a qadi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }