{ "model": { "rank": 2676, "code": "thing-q217438", "model_id": "vr.tr.demonym", "name": "demonym", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a demonym, assess whom it denotes in a particular context, and decide whether and how to use it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q217438/", "tier": 2, "score": 99, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "-tomin", "locophaulism", "politonym", "Porteño", "adjectival form of toponym", "Regiomontano", "French demonym", "national demonym", "Amarantini" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 99, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q217438", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217438", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:01:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0081039, "turns": 1, "seconds": 136.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 84.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\n2026-09-07T10:56:38.624238Z ERROR rmcp::transport::worker: worker quit with fatal: Transport channel closed, when Client(HttpRequest(HttpRequest(\"http/request failed: error sending request for url (https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/ps/mcp)\")))\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b83-5058-70f3-a358-e19a569fb8a3\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q217438", "registryId": "vr.tr.demonym", "name": "demonym", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q217438/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.demonym", "name": "demonym", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a demonym, assess whom it denotes in a particular context, and decide whether and how to use it.", "definition": "A demonym (also gentilic) is a common noun or adjective that designates an inhabitant, native, or citizen by morphological or conventional derivation from a named place, rather than from an independent ethnic autonym or a legal nationality status.", "scope_statement": "This model owns a demonym as a language-specific designation of people through association with a place, including its forms, geographic referent, membership interpretation, usage evidence and contextual acceptability.", "in_scope": [ "Demonym forms, variants and grammatical behaviour in identified languages", "The place and geographic scale to which a demonym refers", "Whether the designation implies residence, origin, ancestry or another locally evidenced association", "Relationships between self-designations, externally used designations and competing demonyms", "Attested usage, temporal applicability, ambiguity and contextual acceptability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The full identity, boundaries and governance of the referenced place", "Legal citizenship, nationality and immigration eligibility", "Ethnic identity and ancestry independently of geographic designation", "Individual personal identity and demographic records", "Place names considered independently of labels for people" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "In the relevant sense, the expression designates people through association with a place; an expression naming only the place is a toponym.", "A geographic adjective qualifies as evidence of a demonym only where a people-denoting use or interpretation is established; modifying a product or landscape alone is insufficient.", "The designation must have an evidenced geographic connection; an ethnic label is not automatically a demonym, although a term may serve both functions.", "The designation does not by itself establish citizenship or legal nationality; any such interpretation requires contextual evidence.", "A nickname for inhabitants can function as a demonym when that people-and-place reference is attested; morphological resemblance to familiar demonyms is insufficient." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Language and variety", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Identified language, regional variety and script; unresolved where evidence is insufficient", "why_it_matters": "The same spelling can have different meanings, grammar or acceptability across languages." }, { "name": "Geographic referent", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Referenced place or places, with geographic scale and applicable period", "why_it_matters": "An agent must resolve which population the designation could denote." }, { "name": "Association basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Residence, birthplace, origin, ancestry, civic affiliation, mixed, context-dependent or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Different uses draw different boundaries around the people designated." }, { "name": "Grammatical behaviour", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Attested noun or adjective uses; number, gender, inflection and collective constructions where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Recognising a label does not establish how to use it grammatically." }, { "name": "Designation perspective", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Self-designation or external designation relative to an identified community and speaker group; mixed or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "A widely used external label may differ from a community's preferred designation." }, { "name": "Temporal usage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Current, historical, emerging, declining or unresolved, qualified by language and community", "why_it_matters": "A historically appropriate label may misrepresent a present-day population." }, { "name": "Contextual acceptability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Preferred, accepted, contested, derogatory, restricted to particular contexts or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Suitability depends on the audience, designated community and purpose of use." }, { "name": "Interpretive alternatives", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Competing geographic referents, membership readings and non-demonym senses", "why_it_matters": "Ambiguity can require clarification before classification, translation or generation." } ], "affordances": [ "Recognise attested demonym forms and distinguish them from place names and unrelated senses", "Resolve a designation to a place and membership interpretation, or request clarification", "Select an evidenced grammatical form for a specified language and sentence", "Compare alternative labels for a community using audience, period and preference evidence", "Translate a demonym while preserving or explicitly qualifying its geographic and membership meaning", "Flag unsupported legal or ethnic inferences and uncertain or contested usage" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "mw-demonym", "title": "demonym - Merriam-Webster Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, Inc.)", "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/demonym", "what_it_supports": "Established English lexicographic sense: a word used to denote a person who inhabits or is native to a particular place, and the coinage/usage history of the term.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "oed-demonym", "title": "demonym, n. - Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford University Press)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Historical English usage, etymology from Greek dêmos 'people' + onyma 'name', and specialist acceptance of the term in onomastics." }, { "id": "dickson-labels", "title": "Labels for Locals: What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe - Paul Dickson (Collins, 2006)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Practical inventory of English demonyms, official versus colloquial pairs, irregular formations, and the journalism/gazetteer use-case." }, { "id": "cia-nationality", "title": "The World Factbook, field listing Nationality - Central Intelligence Agency", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/", "what_it_supports": "De facto reference list of country-level noun and adjective nationality forms used in government and media, and the overlap with (but non-identity of) legal nationality.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ungegn-manual", "title": "Manual for the National Standardization of Geographical Names - United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (United Nations, 2006)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "How national names authorities treat place-names and related inhabitant designations; absence of a single UN-mandated demonym code list." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "people-place-reference", "name": "People and place reference", "description": "Establishes which people a demonym denotes through which geographic association.", "rationale": "A demonym cannot be interpreted reliably from its spelling or an associated place name alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "geographic-anchor", "name": "Geographic anchor", "description": "Identifies the place, scale and period implicated by the designation.", "findings": [ { "id": "referent-resolution", "name": "Referent resolution", "description": "Record the supported geographic referent and alternatives that context must distinguish.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which place does this demonym designate people in relation to, and at what geographic scale?", "kind": "definition", "id": "referent-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Can the form refer to more than one place or to different historical extents of a place?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "referent-resolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-boundary", "name": "Population boundary", "description": "Separates the possible bases of belonging expressed by the demonym.", "findings": [ { "id": "association-interpretation", "name": "Association interpretation", "description": "Record what relationship to the place is expressed without converting ordinary usage into legal eligibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this use designate residents, people born there, people of local origin, descendants or another population?", "kind": "definition", "id": "association-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "How does the designation apply to newcomers, emigrants and descendants living elsewhere, and where is that application unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "association-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "linguistic-realisation", "name": "Linguistic realisation", "description": "Captures the forms and grammatical constructions through which the demonym is recognised and used.", "rationale": "Demonym formation and inflection cannot safely be inferred from a place name or transferred between languages.", "layers": [ { "id": "forms-and-variants", "name": "Forms and variants", "description": "Distinguishes attested spellings and language-specific variants from generated guesses.", "findings": [ { "id": "attested-form-set", "name": "Attested form set", "description": "Record supported spellings, scripts, capitalisation and variant relationships.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spellings and script forms are attested in each relevant language or variety?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attested-form-set-q01" }, { "text": "Which apparent variants are interchangeable forms, and which change the referent, register or meaning?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attested-form-set-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grammar-and-constructions", "name": "Grammar and constructions", "description": "Defines supported people-denoting constructions and their grammatical requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "grammatical-use", "name": "Grammatical use", "description": "Record noun, adjective and collective uses, including inflection where the language requires it.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the demonym denote one person, several people or a population collectively in this language?", "kind": "definition", "id": "grammatical-use-q01" }, { "text": "Which attested form and construction should an agent use for the intended number, grammatical gender and sentence role?", "kind": "action", "id": "grammatical-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "community-and-acceptability", "name": "Community and acceptability", "description": "Situates the demonym among the people designated, those using it and the contexts in which it appears.", "rationale": "Frequency or dictionary inclusion alone cannot determine whether a population label is appropriate for a given audience.", "layers": [ { "id": "designation-perspectives", "name": "Designation perspectives", "description": "Records community self-use and external use without assuming either is uniform.", "findings": [ { "id": "self-and-external-designations", "name": "Self and external designations", "description": "Identify who uses or prefers the label and how preferences vary within the designated population.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence shows use of this demonym by the people designated and by external speakers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "self-and-external-designations-q01" }, { "text": "Do identified groups within the population prefer different labels or reject this one?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "self-and-external-designations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "register-and-treatment", "name": "Register and treatment", "description": "Assesses suitability for direct designation, quotation and historical discussion.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-use-decision", "name": "Contextual use decision", "description": "Record supported register and acceptability judgements with their audience and temporal limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evidence identifies this label as neutral, informal, affectionate, contested or derogatory, and for which speakers and audiences?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contextual-use-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Should an agent use the label directly, explain it, retain it only in quotation or choose an evidenced alternative?", "kind": "action", "id": "contextual-use-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "attestation-and-change", "name": "Attestation and change", "description": "Connects demonym interpretations to observed usage and tracks their applicability through time.", "rationale": "Plausible formations, prescribed labels and everyday usage may differ, especially after changes to places or political identities.", "layers": [ { "id": "usage-evidence", "name": "Usage evidence", "description": "Separates evidence of actual people-denoting use from recommendations or unsupported proposals.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-demonym-use", "name": "Evidence for demonym use", "description": "Record sources and examples that support the form, referent and claimed usage status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspected sources demonstrate that this expression actually designates people associated with the identified place?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-for-demonym-use-q01" }, { "text": "Does each source document observed use, prescribe a preferred form or merely propose a possible demonym?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidence-for-demonym-use-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical-applicability", "name": "Historical applicability", "description": "Tracks changes in the label's use and geographic or population interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "continuity-and-replacement", "name": "Continuity and replacement", "description": "Record evidenced persistence, replacement or reinterpretation across relevant periods.", "questions": [ { "text": "Over which periods is the demonym attested with this geographic and population meaning?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "continuity-and-replacement-q01" }, { "text": "When describing a historical population, should the agent retain the period's designation or use a current label with qualification?", "kind": "action", "id": "continuity-and-replacement-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "disambiguation-and-transfer", "name": "Disambiguation and transfer", "description": "Controls interpretation and translation where demonyms overlap with other labels or meanings.", "rationale": "An agent must preserve geographic reference without silently assigning ethnicity, citizenship or an inequivalent translated identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "overlapping-labels", "name": "Overlapping labels", "description": "Distinguishes demonym senses from ethnic, legal and non-person senses of the same expression.", "findings": [ { "id": "sense-and-inference-boundaries", "name": "Sense and inference boundaries", "description": "Record contextual cues and limits on what follows from applying the designation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What contextual evidence distinguishes this demonym sense from an ethnic label, legal nationality or non-person meaning?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "sense-and-inference-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "When must the agent ask for clarification before using the label to classify a person or population?", "kind": "action", "id": "sense-and-inference-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cross-language-equivalence", "name": "Cross-language equivalence", "description": "Assesses whether another language offers a designation with the intended reference and connotations.", "findings": [ { "id": "translation-fit", "name": "Translation fit", "description": "Record supported equivalents and mismatches in geographic extent, membership meaning or register.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the proposed target-language demonym denote the same place-associated population in the relevant period?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "translation-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Should translation use an established demonym, preserve the original term or describe the people-place association explicitly?", "kind": "action", "id": "translation-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "National or country-level demonyms (French, Japanese, Brazilian)", "Regional and subnational demonyms (Bavarian, Québécois, Texan)", "Urban and local demonyms (New Yorker, Liverpudlian, Muscovite)", "Official or gazetteer-endorsed forms versus colloquial or slang forms (Glaswegian versus Weegie; Liverpudlian versus Scouser)", "Endonymic versus exonymic demonyms (Deutscher versus German; Hellene versus Greek)", "Morphological classes: regular suffixal (-an/-ian, -ese, -ish, -er, -i) versus irregular or suppletive (Dutch, Greek, Scouse)", "Substantival inhabitant nouns versus adjectival gentilics used attributively (a Canadian versus Canadian policy)", "Civic or legal nationality labels versus purely residential inhabitant labels (French citizen versus resident of France)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata item", "value_or_pattern": "Q217438", "note": "The class 'demonym' itself, not an instance for a particular place." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata property", "value_or_pattern": "P1549", "note": "Property 'demonym' on a place item; values are language-tagged lexemes or strings, not a closed code list." }, { "scheme": "ISO 3166-1 (related place, not the demonym)", "value_or_pattern": "alpha-2 / alpha-3 country codes (e.g. FR, FRA)", "note": "Identifies the toponymic referent from which a national demonym is derived; ISO issues no demonym codes." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "No dedicated international standard enumerates demonyms; ISO 3166-1 (International Organization for Standardization) standardizes country names and codes, not inhabitant names.", "UNGEGN Manual for the National Standardization of Geographical Names and related resolutions (United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names) govern toponyms and, in some national guidelines, associated inhabitant designations.", "National geographical names authorities (e.g. U.S. Board on Geographic Names; Geographical Names Board of Canada; France's Commission nationale de toponymie / IGN) may endorse or record gentilics in gazetteer practice.", "Editorial practice is governed by stylebooks rather than statute: Associated Press Stylebook; Chicago Manual of Style (University of Chicago Press).", "Legal nationality nouns (citizen, national) are governed by each state's nationality and citizenship law, which is adjacent to but not identical with demonymy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "News copy, sports reporting, and diplomatic protocol ('the Japanese delegation', 'a Liverpudlian').", "Gazetteers, encyclopaedia infoboxes, and knowledge graphs (Wikidata P1549) attaching an inhabitant label to a place.", "The CIA World Factbook and similar country profiles listing a nationality noun and adjective.", "Language teaching and travel writing ('nationalities' chapters).", "Product and origin labelling that uses the adjectival gentilic ('Italian wine', 'New Zealand lamb').", "Census, survey, and immigration forms that ask nationality or place of origin, often using the same lexical forms." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Competing demonym forms attested for one place in one language", "typical_range": "1-4", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Orthographic length of a simple English demonym", "typical_range": "4-18", "unit": "letters" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Polysemy: the same form names unrelated places or groups (Georgian as country versus U.S. state; American as hemisphere versus U.S. national).", "Pejorative, archaic, or contested forms (Scotch for Scottish; outdated exonyms) causing offence or diplomatic incident.", "Mismatch with self-identification after a toponymic or political change (Ceylonese versus Sri Lankan; Macedonian naming disputes).", "False productivity: applying a regular suffix to a name that takes an irregular form (*Canadan, *Netherlandian).", "Conflation with the language name or an ethnonym, which misclassifies people in statistics, metadata, and moderation.", "Exonym imposed against an endonym, read as political claim rather than lexical fact." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English favours -ese for several East Asian countries (Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese) and mixed -an/-ian, -ish, -er, -i elsewhere; informal British urban labels (Geordie, Scouser, Cockney) often outrank the regular derivative in speech.", "French maintains a dense official culture of gentilés, with departmental and communal forms recorded in administrative and cartographic practice.", "Spanish is highly productive with -eño, -ense, -ano, -ino; many municipal gentilicios are locally standardized.", "Arabic uses nisba adjectives in -ī; these often double as both demonym and broader affiliative adjectives.", "German and several other languages commonly use one adjectival stem for language, inhabitant, and country-related attributes, so the demonym is not a separate lemma.", "Some languages prefer a periphrasis ('person from X') over a derived demonym, so catalogues that require a single-word form overfit English and Romance practice.", "U.S. state nicknames include unique non-derived forms (Hoosier for Indiana) that do not generalize morphologically." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Ethnonym", "difference": "An ethnonym names a people or ethnic group that can exist without, or across, a current state; a demonym is anchored to a toponym. Test: can the label still apply if the place-name or borders change? If yes independently of the place, it is an ethnonym." }, { "name": "Toponym (place-name)", "difference": "The toponym names the place; the demonym names people of that place. Test: does the word take a human determiner or plural inhabitant reading (a Parisian, the Japanese) rather than locating a geography (Paris, Japan)?" }, { "name": "Glossonym (language name)", "difference": "A language name may be formally identical (French, Chinese) but answers 'what do they speak?' not 'where are they from?'. Test: can the form felicitously modify 'language' or 'speaker' without implying residence or citizenship?" }, { "name": "Legal nationality / citizenship", "difference": "Nationality is a juridical status that can be held without residence and withheld from residents. Test: would a passport or naturalization record, not a gazetteer, be the authority for the label?" }, { "name": "Exonym / endonym of the place", "difference": "Those are variant names of the place itself (Allemagne / Deutschland), not inhabitant labels derived from them. Test: does the form denote land or polity rather than a person?" }, { "name": "Autonym (self-name of a group)", "difference": "An autonym is the group's name for itself and need not be derived from a current toponym. Test: is the form claimed as the in-group name regardless of the official place-name?" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of demonym this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend one demonym thing to represent a language-specific lexical sense or a cross-language family of designations for a place?", "Should adjective-only people-denoting uses and multiword descriptions count as demonyms here, and what evidence separates them from ordinary geographic qualification?", "How should overlapping demonym, ethnonym and nationality senses connect to neighbouring models without duplicating their ownership?", "What evidence threshold is sufficient to recognise an emerging or sparsely documented demonym, particularly where written sources are limited?", "How should conflicting community preferences and changing geographic interpretations be represented when no single preferred designation is supported?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a demonym, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a demonym, assess whom it denotes in a particular context, and decide whether and how to use it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: -tomin, locophaulism, politonym, Porteño, adjectival form of toponym, Regiomontano, French demonym, national demonym, Amarantini.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 99 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a demonym, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "-tomin", "locophaulism", "politonym", "Porteño", "adjectival form of toponym", "Regiomontano", "French demonym", "national demonym", "Amarantini" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 99 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one demonym from another, and a demonym from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a demonym sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a demonym from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a demonym passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a demonym between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a demonym, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a demonym is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a demonym says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a demonym contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a demonym and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of demonym a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For demonym, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of demonym exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made demonym and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to demonym, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in demonym, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a demonym came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a demonym and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a demonym is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a demonym, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a demonym, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a demonym is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }