{ "model": { "rank": 4572, "code": "thing-q218642", "model_id": "vr.tr.l-alanine", "name": "L-alanine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise L-alanine, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine whether its documented quality supports an intended use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q218642/", "tier": 2, "score": 74, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 74, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q218642", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218642", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:32:15Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087de-064f-7371-ae06-c30e50cd03d7\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: L-alanine\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regis", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087de-064b-7f52-8d9b-dc4244aa82a1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: L-alanine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.l-alanine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q218642", "registryId": "vr.tr.l-alanine", "name": "L-alanine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q218642/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.l-alanine", "name": "L-alanine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise L-alanine, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine whether its documented quality supports an intended use.", "definition": "L-alanine is the (S)-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, a proteinogenic α-amino acid with formula C3H7NO2 and a methyl side chain, which humans can synthesize.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the substance identity of L-alanine (vr.tr.l-alanine, PHY / PHY.MAT) and the composition, stereochemical purity, physical state, performance evidence and use constraints of samples represented as that substance.", "in_scope": [ "L-alanine molecular identity, absolute configuration and verified chemical identifiers", "Chemical assay, enantiomeric composition, water content and relevant impurities", "Solid form, solution state and properties measured under specified conditions", "Sample provenance, grade, storage history and evidence of deterioration", "Substance-specific functional suitability, hazard evidence and applicable use requirements" ], "out_of_scope": [ "D-alanine and DL-alanine as independently characterised substances", "Beta-alanine and other constitutional isomers", "Alanine residues within peptides and proteins as independently available L-alanine", "Finished foods, supplements, medicines and other formulations containing L-alanine", "Manufacturing plants, fermentation systems and synthesis processes", "Clinical treatment decisions and organism-level metabolic models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence for the alpha-amino-acid connectivity of 2-aminopropanoic acid; molecular formula alone cannot distinguish it from beta-alanine.", "Require the L configuration, corresponding to the S configuration for alanine, and a suitable stereochemical measurement to distinguish a sample from D-alanine or a racemic mixture.", "Distinguish free L-alanine from an alanine residue covalently incorporated into a peptide or protein.", "Distinguish the parent amino acid, including its zwitterionic form, from separately identified salts, derivatives and products containing it.", "Keep total alanine assay separate from L-alanine fraction: a chemically pure alanine sample can still fail an enantiomeric-purity requirement." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Verified substance identifiers", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Registry id vr.tr.l-alanine; source-verified CAS, PubChem and EC mappings with represented chemical form", "why_it_matters": "Prevents records for unspecified alanine, a racemate, a salt or a mixture from being treated as equivalent." }, { "name": "Molecular identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "C3H7NO2; 2-aminopropanoic acid connectivity; L configuration; S absolute configuration", "why_it_matters": "Separates composition, connectivity and stereochemistry as distinct requirements for identification." }, { "name": "Alanine assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% mass fraction or amount fraction; specify method and as-received, dry or other reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports quantitative preparation without confusing chemical assay with stereochemical purity." }, { "name": "Enantiomeric composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "L and D mole fractions, L:D ratio or enantiomeric excess; specify method and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a sample meets requirements that depend on L-alanine specifically." }, { "name": "Water and impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Water in % mass fraction; individual impurities in mg/kg, % or method-specific units", "why_it_matters": "Changes effective concentration, storage interpretation and suitability for sensitive uses." }, { "name": "Physical and chemical state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Solid form or solution; temperature, pressure, solvent, pH and concentration where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Makes property values interpretable and separates protonation state from substance identity." }, { "name": "Solubility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/L or mol/L with solvent composition, temperature, pH and equilibration method", "why_it_matters": "Supports preparation of solutions and interpretation of precipitation." }, { "name": "Thermal behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C with method, heating rate, atmosphere and distinction between melting and decomposition", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an ambiguous thermal value from being used as an ordinary melting or boiling point." }, { "name": "Optical rotation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Observed or specific rotation with units, wavelength, temperature, solvent and concentration convention", "why_it_matters": "Provides condition-dependent identity evidence but does not by itself establish enantiomeric purity." }, { "name": "Grade and intended-use qualification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared grade; named specification and edition; intended use; qualification status", "why_it_matters": "A grade label alone does not demonstrate that a lot is suitable for a particular application." }, { "name": "Hazard and regulatory evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated SDS, jurisdiction-specific identity and classification records, applicable use requirements", "why_it_matters": "Connects handling and use decisions to evidence covering the actual substance form and jurisdiction." } ], "affordances": [ "Reconcile an L-alanine label against molecular identity, authoritative identifiers and analytical evidence.", "Compare a sample's alanine assay and D-alanine content with an intended-use specification.", "Calculate a weighed amount or solution preparation using assay basis, water content and measured solubility.", "Select condition-appropriate checks for identity, stereochemical composition and sample deterioration.", "Accept, quarantine or reject a lot against documented quality and handling requirements.", "Link L-alanine to a formulation or biochemical reaction while preserving the boundary between the substance and the containing system." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "alanine-identity-and-stereochemistry", "name": "Alanine identity and stereochemistry", "description": "Establishes which alanine entity is represented and whether the available evidence supports its L designation.", "rationale": "Alanine connectivity, stereochemical identity and commercial naming can be conflated even when a formula or assay appears correct.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-identity-boundaries", "name": "Molecular identity boundaries", "description": "Separates L-alanine from constitutional isomers, derivatives and covalently bound residues.", "findings": [ { "id": "alpha-alanine-parent-identity", "name": "Alpha-alanine parent identity", "description": "Record evidence for the parent amino acid's connectivity and the chemical form covered by each identifier.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structural and analytical evidence identifies this material as 2-aminopropanoic acid rather than beta-alanine?", "kind": "definition", "id": "alpha-alanine-parent-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Do the assigned identifiers refer to free L-alanine, unspecified alanine, a salt or another derivative?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "alpha-alanine-parent-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "l-configuration-verification", "name": "L-configuration verification", "description": "Tests stereochemical identity separately from total alanine content.", "findings": [ { "id": "enantiomer-specific-evidence", "name": "Enantiomer-specific evidence", "description": "Record how L-alanine and D-alanine were distinguished and quantified.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which validated method establishes the L-alanine fraction and detects D-alanine at the required limit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "enantiomer-specific-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "If optical rotation supports identification, are solvent, concentration, temperature and wavelength documented?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "enantiomer-specific-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lot-composition-and-quality", "name": "Lot composition and quality", "description": "Describes the composition and qualification of a particular L-alanine lot.", "rationale": "Suitability depends on assay basis, stereochemical contamination and use-relevant impurities rather than the substance name alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-impurity-accounting", "name": "Assay and impurity accounting", "description": "Makes reported purity interpretable and identifies components that matter to use.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-alanine-content", "name": "Interpretable alanine content", "description": "Distinguish total alanine assay from L-specific content, water and other measured impurities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the assay measure all alanine or L-alanine specifically, and on what mass or amount basis is it reported?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-alanine-content-q01" }, { "text": "Which impurities require limits for this use, and what results and detection limits are available for them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-alanine-content-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-lot-traceability", "name": "Grade and lot traceability", "description": "Connects a grade claim to the lot and specification it actually covers.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-quality-qualification", "name": "Documented quality qualification", "description": "Treat grade as an evidenced claim rather than an intrinsic property of every L-alanine sample.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manufacturer, lot, certificate of analysis and specification edition support the declared grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-quality-qualification-q01" }, { "text": "Which intended-use acceptance criteria remain unmet or untested despite the grade label?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-quality-qualification-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-preparation", "name": "Physical state and preparation", "description": "Connects solid and solution properties to the conditions under which L-alanine is stored or prepared.", "rationale": "Solution behaviour and thermal observations cannot be used reliably without conditions and an explicit interpretation of the measured event.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-and-thermal-behaviour", "name": "Solid and thermal behaviour", "description": "Records the solid material and distinguishes phase changes from chemical decomposition.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-solid-properties", "name": "Conditioned solid properties", "description": "Attach sample identity and experimental conditions to solid-form and thermal observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence characterises the solid form, water content and particle properties relevant to the proposed handling?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-solid-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Does a reported thermal temperature describe melting, decomposition or overlapping events, and under which test conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-solid-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aqueous-state-and-solubility", "name": "Aqueous state and solubility", "description": "Describes dissolution and pH-dependent chemical state without creating a new identity for every protonation state.", "findings": [ { "id": "solution-preparation-envelope", "name": "Solution preparation envelope", "description": "Record conditions that determine whether a target L-alanine solution can be prepared and maintained.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured solubility applies to the intended solvent, temperature, pH and concentration basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "solution-preparation-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "How do pH adjustment and any introduced counterions affect solution composition and its description as L-alanine material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "solution-preparation-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-use-and-transformations", "name": "Functional use and transformations", "description": "Relates L-alanine's stereochemical and chemical properties to a specified application or transformation.", "rationale": "Biochemical participation, formulation performance and analytical use impose different requirements that cannot be inferred from identity alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "application-specific-fitness", "name": "Application-specific fitness", "description": "Connects a proposed role to measurable requirements on the L-alanine sample.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-dependent-acceptance", "name": "Role-dependent acceptance", "description": "Record the intended function and evidence that the sample meets its particular requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material intended as a biochemical substrate, formulation ingredient, analytical standard or another explicitly defined input?", "kind": "definition", "id": "role-dependent-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "Which concentration, enantiomeric-purity, impurity and traceability requirements follow from that role?", "kind": "action", "id": "role-dependent-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reaction-and-incorporation-boundaries", "name": "Reaction and incorporation boundaries", "description": "Tracks when L-alanine is consumed, chemically changed or incorporated into another entity.", "findings": [ { "id": "free-alanine-versus-transformed-material", "name": "Free alanine versus transformed material", "description": "Separate remaining free L-alanine from reaction products and alanine residues in larger molecules.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed transformation consumes L-alanine, and what evidence identifies the resulting species?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "free-alanine-versus-transformed-material-q01" }, { "text": "Does a reported alanine quantity measure free L-alanine, alanine released by hydrolysis or alanine residues within a macromolecule?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "free-alanine-versus-transformed-material-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-handling-and-use-controls", "name": "Storage, handling and use controls", "description": "Supports decisions about continued sample suitability and permitted handling using applicable evidence.", "rationale": "Neither a familiar biochemical identity nor an unchanged label establishes the condition or authorised use of a stored lot.", "layers": [ { "id": "storage-history-and-requalification", "name": "Storage history and requalification", "description": "Relates storage events to the need for inspection or repeat analysis.", "findings": [ { "id": "continued-lot-suitability", "name": "Continued lot suitability", "description": "Record storage requirements, actual exposure history and evidence supporting continued use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supplier or stability evidence supports the storage conditions and retest period for this solid lot or prepared solution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "continued-lot-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed excursions or changes require reassessment of water content, contamination, assay or stereochemical composition?", "kind": "action", "id": "continued-lot-suitability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-jurisdictional-controls", "name": "Hazard and jurisdictional controls", "description": "Links handling and application decisions to current documentation for the relevant material and location.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-handling-and-use-status", "name": "Evidenced handling and use status", "description": "Keep hazard classification, exposure guidance and application-specific requirements distinct and traceable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated SDS and jurisdictional records establish the applicable hazard classification and any substance-specific or general dust exposure limits?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-handling-and-use-status-q01" }, { "text": "What additional qualification is required before this particular lot can be used in the proposed food, laboratory or pharmaceutical application?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidenced-handling-and-use-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall only; no sources were consulted.", "Verify applicable grade specifications, jurisdiction-specific permissions, and supplier hazard classification before operational use.", "Thermal decomposition values, solubility, optical rotation, and acid-base constants require sources that specify experimental conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reagent-grade L-alanine", "Food-grade L-alanine", "Pharmaceutical-grade L-alanine" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "56-41-7", "note": "Identifies L-alanine specifically; D-alanine and DL-alanine have separate identities." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "5950", "note": "Compound identifier for L-alanine." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "(2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid", "note": "Specifies the absolute configuration of the stereogenic carbon." }, { "scheme": "Amino-acid residue codes", "value_or_pattern": "Ala; A", "note": "Three-letter and one-letter codes for alanine in protein sequences; these are not purity or commercial-grade identifiers." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ingredient in amino-acid formulations for nutrition.", "Nutrient component in cell-culture and microbial growth media.", "Starting material for peptide synthesis and other chemical synthesis.", "Food ingredient used for taste modification.", "Material in alanine dosimeters, where irradiation-induced radicals are measured by electron paramagnetic resonance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "89.09", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Isoelectric point in aqueous solution", "typical_range": "Approximately 6.0; depends on measurement conditions", "unit": "pH" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dust can cause mechanical irritation during powder handling.", "D-alanine contamination reduces enantiomeric purity and can compromise stereochemically sensitive applications.", "Chemical or microbial contamination can make a batch unsuitable for food, pharmaceutical, or culture applications.", "Strong heating causes decomposition, so an ordinary boiling point is not an appropriate handling characteristic." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Requirements for use in foods and pharmaceutical formulations depend on jurisdiction and intended product category." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Alanine", "difference": "Alanine is the broader chemical name; L-alanine explicitly selects the (S) stereoisomer." }, { "name": "D-alanine", "difference": "D-alanine has the opposite, (R), configuration at the α-carbon." }, { "name": "DL-alanine", "difference": "DL-alanine is a racemic mixture of the L and D enantiomers." }, { "name": "β-alanine", "difference": "β-alanine has its amino group on the β-carbon rather than the α-carbon and lacks alanine's stereogenic center." }, { "name": "L-alanine residue in a protein", "difference": "A residue is covalently incorporated through peptide bonds; free L-alanine is the standalone amino acid." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of L-alanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own L-alanine or provide a broader amino-acid model to which this entry should link?", "Which authoritative CAS, PubChem and EC records map specifically to L-alanine, and how do they distinguish unspecified alanine, salts and mixtures?", "Which reference measurements establish solubility, optical rotation and thermal behaviour under sufficiently explicit conditions?", "Which analytical methods and acceptance limits are appropriate for D-alanine, water and other impurities in each intended grade?", "Which current hazard records, exposure guidance, storage evidence and jurisdiction-specific use requirements apply to the actual material being assessed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a L-alanine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise L-alanine, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine whether its documented quality supports an intended use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a L-alanine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one L-alanine from another, and a L-alanine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a L-alanine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a L-alanine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a L-alanine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a L-alanine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a L-alanine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a L-alanine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a L-alanine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a L-alanine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a L-alanine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a L-alanine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a L-alanine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a L-alanine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a L-alanine and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a L-alanine is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a L-alanine performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a L-alanine.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a L-alanine at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a L-alanine there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What L-alanine is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name L-alanine unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of L-alanine exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How L-alanine behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of L-alanine, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is L-alanine incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How L-alanine can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is L-alanine classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover L-alanine, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a L-alanine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a L-alanine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a L-alanine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a L-alanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a L-alanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a L-alanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }