{ "model": { "rank": 6427, "code": "thing-q218706", "model_id": "vr.tr.erythropoietin", "name": "erythropoietin", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise erythropoietin, assess the identity, abundance and functional state of a particular occurrence, and determine which analyses or uses its evidence supports.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q218706/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "epoetin alfa", "Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q218706", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218706", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:30:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0151912, "turns": 1, "seconds": 183, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 85.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c42-27c8-70e3-890f-1b8b2783789b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: erythropoietin\nRegistry id: vr.tr.erythropoietin\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q218706", "registryId": "vr.tr.erythropoietin", "name": "erythropoietin", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q218706/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.erythropoietin", "name": "erythropoietin", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise erythropoietin, assess the identity, abundance and functional state of a particular occurrence, and determine which analyses or uses its evidence supports.", "definition": "Erythropoietin is a 165-residue class-I helical glycoprotein cytokine, secreted mainly by renal cortical peritubular interstitial fibroblasts under HIF-2α control, that binds the homodimeric EPO receptor on late erythroid progenitors (chiefly CFU-E) to suppress apoptosis and expand red-cell production.", "scope_statement": "This model owns erythropoietin as a glycoprotein hormone under vr.tr.erythropoietin, including identified molecular forms and occurrences in biological specimens or manufactured material; it records links to organisms, assays and medicinal products without owning their models.", "in_scope": [ "Erythropoietin protein identity, species, sequence reference and molecular form", "Endogenous or recombinant origin and evidence supporting that attribution", "Erythropoietin abundance in a specified specimen or preparation", "Erythropoietin receptor binding and erythropoietic activity supported by assays", "Integrity, handling history and suitability of erythropoietin material for a stated use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The EPO gene, its variants and transcriptional regulation as independently modelled entities", "The erythropoietin receptor and its signalling machinery", "Whole-organism oxygen sensing, kidney function and erythropoiesis", "Diagnosis and management of anaemia or erythrocytosis", "Medicinal-product authorisation, prescribing, dosing and administration", "Other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, with analogue boundaries retained as unresolved where necessary" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require protein-level identity evidence: an EPO gene sequence or transcript measurement alone does not establish the presence or amount of erythropoietin protein.", "Distinguish the erythropoietin ligand from EPOR, the receptor it binds; receptor abundance is not an erythropoietin measurement. [NCBI EPOR record](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2057)", "Compare species-specific sequence and molecular modifications with a declared reference; stimulation of erythropoiesis alone does not identify a substance as erythropoietin.", "Do not infer endogenous origin from protein sequence alone: recombinant epoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating glycoprotein whose identity also requires provenance and molecular-form evidence. [DailyMed EPOGEN label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f2d0b28-9cc5-4523-80b8-637fdaf3f7a5)", "Distinguish immunoassay-detectable erythropoietin from demonstrated biological activity by recording antibody recognition and functional assay results separately." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Species and protein reference", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Source species; protein accession and version; precursor or mature-chain designation", "why_it_matters": "Prevents human-specific identity assumptions and confusion between precursor and processed protein." }, { "name": "Molecular form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Reference sequence match; sequence variant; glycoform profile; chemically modified form; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates identity evidence from potentially consequential molecular differences." }, { "name": "Production origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Endogenous; recombinant; mixed; unknown, with supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation without treating a detected protein as proof of its production route." }, { "name": "Occurrence context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Organism or production batch; specimen or preparation; matrix; collection or preparation time", "why_it_matters": "Makes a measured amount attributable to a specific occurrence." }, { "name": "Measured erythropoietin concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Assay-reported mIU/mL, IU/L or mass concentration, with method, calibration and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparisons while preventing unsupported conversion between mass and activity-related units." }, { "name": "Erythropoietic potency", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "IU/mL, IU/mg or relative potency against an identified standard in a specified bioassay", "why_it_matters": "Records functional performance separately from immunoreactive abundance." }, { "name": "EPOR interaction", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Assay-specific binding or response measurement, with receptor species, method and controls", "why_it_matters": "Connects an activity claim to evidence for the relevant receptor interaction." }, { "name": "Material integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Assessed intact; altered; aggregated; fragmented; unassessed, with method and date", "why_it_matters": "Helps determine whether identity or concentration results still support the intended use." }, { "name": "Handling exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C; elapsed time; freeze-thaw count; other documented exposures", "why_it_matters": "Allows suitability to be checked against evidence specific to the specimen or preparation." }, { "name": "Use suitability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported; conditional; unsupported; unresolved for an explicitly named analytical, research or product-linked use", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a successful identity test from being treated as universal permission to use the material." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify an erythropoietin occurrence against species-specific protein and molecular-form references.", "Request or interpret an erythropoietin measurement with its specimen, assay and calibration context.", "Compare erythropoietin results when methods, units and collection circumstances support comparison.", "Select complementary identity, glycoform or functional assays to resolve a specific uncertainty.", "Flag material for reassessment when handling history or integrity evidence undermines a proposed use.", "Link manufactured erythropoietin to its product or research-reagent record before applying use-specific requirements." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "uniprot-p01588", "title": "Erythropoietin, UniProtKB P01588 (Homo sapiens) - UniProt Consortium", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01588/entry", "what_it_supports": "Primary-structure length, gene name, glycosylation sites, and the identity of the mature human protein.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "jacobs-nature-1985", "title": "Isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones of human erythropoietin - Nature (Jacobs et al., 1985)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Cloning of the human EPO gene and cDNA; foundation for recombinant manufacture." }, { "id": "lin-pnas-1985", "title": "Cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Lin et al., 1985)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Independent cloning and expression of recombinant human EPO used to launch clinical epoetins." }, { "id": "ema-epoetin-biosimilar", "title": "Guideline on non-clinical and clinical development of similar biological medicinal products containing recombinant erythropoietins (EMEA/CHMP/BMWP/301636/2008 Rev. 1) - European Medicines Agency", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "How regulators distinguish epoetin glycoforms and biosimilars, and the clinical comparability standard." }, { "id": "kdigo-anemia-ckd", "title": "KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Real-world ESA use in CKD and the hemoglobin range targeted in contemporary practice." }, { "id": "fda-epogen-label", "title": "Epogen (epoetin alfa) prescribing information - U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Approved indications, boxed cardiovascular and tumor-progression warnings, and product identity of epoetin alfa." }, { "id": "bennett-nejm-2004", "title": "Pure red-cell aplasia and epoetin therapy - New England Journal of Medicine (Bennett et al., 2004)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Antibody-mediated PRCA as a formulation-linked failure mode of recombinant EPO." }, { "id": "wada-prohibited-list", "title": "The Prohibited List, section S2 (erythropoietin-receptor agonists) - World Anti-Doping Agency", "url": "https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list", "what_it_supports": "Sporting prohibition of EPO and related receptor agonists, and the anti-doping use-case.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "erythropoietin-identity", "name": "Erythropoietin identity", "description": "Establishes which erythropoietin protein and molecular form an assertion concerns.", "rationale": "The name EPO can refer to a gene, a protein, a measured analyte or therapeutic material; the agent must establish the intended referent.", "layers": [ { "id": "protein-referent", "name": "Protein referent", "description": "Anchors identity to a species-specific protein reference and processing state.", "findings": [ { "id": "sequence-and-processing-identity", "name": "Sequence and processing identity", "description": "Record the reference and evidence needed to distinguish erythropoietin protein from its gene, transcript and precursor representation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species, protein accession and sequence version define the erythropoietin being represented?", "kind": "definition", "id": "sequence-and-processing-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence concern mature protein, precursor protein, EPO transcript or only a name assigned to a sample?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "sequence-and-processing-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "molecular-form-boundaries", "name": "Molecular-form boundaries", "description": "Distinguishes observed variation from an unsupported assumption of equivalence.", "findings": [ { "id": "glycoform-and-analogue-status", "name": "Glycoform and analogue status", "description": "Record sequence changes, glycosylation evidence and chemical modifications before deciding whether material instantiates this entry or needs a neighbouring-model relation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sequence, glycosylation or conjugation differences from the chosen erythropoietin reference have actually been measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "glycoform-and-analogue-status-q01" }, { "text": "Does the registry place this named epoetin or modified analogue inside erythropoietin, or require a relation to a separately registered thing?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "glycoform-and-analogue-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "erythropoietin-origin-and-occurrence", "name": "Erythropoietin origin and occurrence", "description": "Connects detected or prepared erythropoietin to a biological occurrence or production history.", "rationale": "Protein detection does not by itself establish endogenous production, recombinant manufacture or the location of synthesis.", "layers": [ { "id": "production-attribution", "name": "Production attribution", "description": "Separates documented production history from origin inferred through analytical evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "endogenous-or-recombinant-evidence", "name": "Endogenous or recombinant evidence", "description": "Represent origin as an evidence-qualified attribution, allowing mixed and unknown cases.", "questions": [ { "text": "What production record or validated analytical evidence supports an endogenous, recombinant or mixed origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "endogenous-or-recombinant-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "If a tissue of synthesis is asserted, what evidence distinguishes synthesis there from erythropoietin merely being present there?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "endogenous-or-recombinant-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sampled-occurrence", "name": "Sampled occurrence", "description": "Locates erythropoietin within the specimen or preparation that was actually examined.", "findings": [ { "id": "matrix-and-time-context", "name": "Matrix and time context", "description": "Tie observations to a matrix, collection time and relevant exposure history without assigning specimen properties to the molecule itself.", "questions": [ { "text": "In which serum, plasma, urine, tissue extract or manufactured preparation was erythropoietin observed, and when was it obtained?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "matrix-and-time-context-q01" }, { "text": "Is recent exposure to an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent documented, absent from the record or explicitly unknown?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "matrix-and-time-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "erythropoietin-quantification", "name": "Erythropoietin quantification", "description": "Defines what an erythropoietin result measures and which comparisons it supports.", "rationale": "An erythropoietin number is not interpretable without assay specificity, calibration, matrix and reporting limits.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-recognition", "name": "Assay recognition", "description": "Establishes which erythropoietin forms the measurement can detect.", "findings": [ { "id": "analyte-specificity-and-interference", "name": "Analyte specificity and interference", "description": "Record validated recognition of relevant forms and evidence for interference rather than assuming every EPO assay measures them equally.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which endogenous erythropoietin forms, recombinant epoetins or modified analogues does this assay demonstrably detect?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "analyte-specificity-and-interference-q01" }, { "text": "What matrix effects, antibody interference or out-of-range behaviour were assessed for this result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "analyte-specificity-and-interference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calibration-and-comparison", "name": "Calibration and comparison", "description": "Preserves the meaning of reported units, limits and reference intervals.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-erythropoietin-results", "name": "Comparable erythropoietin results", "description": "Qualify comparisons using method and calibration evidence, retaining below-limit results as censored observations rather than zero.", "questions": [ { "text": "What value, unit, calibrator, quantification limits and applicable laboratory reference interval accompany the result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-erythropoietin-results-q01" }, { "text": "Do the assays and calibrators support comparison with the earlier result, or is a method-specific qualification required?", "kind": "action", "id": "comparable-erythropoietin-results-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "erythropoietin-functional-state", "name": "Erythropoietin functional state", "description": "Separates receptor interaction, erythropoietic activity and organism-level response.", "rationale": "Measured abundance, receptor binding and a change in red-cell production answer different questions about erythropoietin.", "layers": [ { "id": "receptor-dependent-activity", "name": "Receptor-dependent activity", "description": "Connects functional claims to an explicit EPOR-related experimental system.", "findings": [ { "id": "binding-versus-potency", "name": "Binding versus potency", "description": "Record receptor-binding evidence and functional potency separately, including controls needed to attribute a response to erythropoietin.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was EPOR binding, receptor-dependent signalling or an erythroid-cell response measured, and in which species and assay system?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "binding-versus-potency-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference standard and specificity controls support attributing the measured potency to erythropoietin?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "binding-versus-potency-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "physiological-interpretation", "name": "Physiological interpretation", "description": "Links erythropoietin observations to the biological context required for interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "abundance-response-discordance", "name": "Abundance-response discordance", "description": "Record whether concentration and observed erythropoietic response agree, leaving diagnosis and treatment decisions to linked clinical models.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which time-linked haemoglobin, reticulocyte, iron-status, renal-function and oxygenation observations are available to contextualise this erythropoietin result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "abundance-response-discordance-q01" }, { "text": "If abundance and response appear discordant, what evidence is missing before assigning the discrepancy to erythropoietin inactivity or inadequate production?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "abundance-response-discordance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "erythropoietin-material-suitability", "name": "Erythropoietin material suitability", "description": "Assesses whether a specimen or preparation remains suitable for a particular erythropoietin-related action.", "rationale": "Handling requirements and evidence of usability depend on whether the occurrence is an analytical specimen, research reagent or medicinal preparation.", "layers": [ { "id": "integrity-and-exposure", "name": "Integrity and exposure", "description": "Relates observed protein condition to the actual handling history and applicable instructions.", "findings": [ { "id": "erythropoietin-stability-evidence", "name": "Erythropoietin stability evidence", "description": "Assess handling against specimen- or preparation-specific evidence rather than assigning one storage rule to all erythropoietin.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, elapsed-time, agitation and freeze-thaw history is documented for this erythropoietin-containing material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "erythropoietin-stability-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do applicable stability data or integrity assays support its continued use for the proposed erythropoietin measurement or activity assay?", "kind": "action", "id": "erythropoietin-stability-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-specific-disposition", "name": "Use-specific disposition", "description": "Connects available erythropoietin evidence to a concrete next action.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-next-use", "name": "Supported next use", "description": "Record whether evidence supports analysis, research use, reassessment or referral to the governing medicinal-product record.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material intended for endogenous-EPO testing, a reference standard, a functional experiment or use as a medicinal product?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-next-use-q01" }, { "text": "Which missing identity, potency, integrity or product-link evidence must be resolved before that specific use is supported?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-next-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Endogenous human EPO (the circulating mixture of serum and urinary glycoforms)", "Epoetin alfa (CHO-derived recombinant originator used as the clinical reference ESA)", "Other recombinant epoetin INN glycoforms (beta, theta, zeta, kappa, omega, delta), distinguished by host cell and glycosylation", "Darbepoetin alfa (engineered analogue with two extra N-glycans)", "Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator, CERA)", "Licensed epoetin biosimilars of an originator epoetin", "EPO-mimetic peptides (for example peginesatide; withdrawn from clinical use)", "Non-clinical research and veterinary EPO preparations" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q218706", "note": "Item for the hormone erythropoietin, not a branded medicinal product." }, { "scheme": "UniProtKB", "value_or_pattern": "P01588", "note": "Canonical human EPO protein entry." }, { "scheme": "HGNC", "value_or_pattern": "EPO (HGNC:3415)", "note": "Human gene symbol for the EPO locus." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Gene", "value_or_pattern": "2056", "note": "Human EPO gene identifier." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "11096-26-7", "note": "Erythropoietin as a substance; epoetin alfa is separately 113427-24-0." }, { "scheme": "ATC", "value_or_pattern": "B03XA01", "note": "WHO ATC for erythropoietin; darbepoetin alfa is B03XA02 and methoxy PEG-epoetin beta is B03XA03." }, { "scheme": "WHO INN", "value_or_pattern": "epoetin alfa | epoetin beta | epoetin theta | epoetin zeta | darbepoetin alfa", "note": "INN stem epoetin names the recombinant hormone class; darbepoetin is the glycoengineered analogue." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "WHO International Nonproprietary Names for epoetins and related ESAs (World Health Organization)", "WHO International Standard for recombinant erythropoietin used to assign IU potency (WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization)", "European Pharmacopoeia monograph Erythropoietin concentrated solution (EDQM)", "EMA guideline on similar biological medicinal products containing recombinant erythropoietins, EMEA/CHMP/BMWP/301636/2008 Rev. 1 (European Medicines Agency)", "US FDA biologics licensing and boxed-warning labeling for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)", "ICH Q6B specifications for biotechnological products, applied to EPO identity, glycosylation and potency (ICH)", "WADA Prohibited List S2, erythropoietin-receptor agonists (World Anti-Doping Agency)", "KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Replacement ESA therapy for anemia of chronic kidney disease, given intravenously on dialysis or subcutaneously in clinic or at home", "Selected treatment of chemotherapy-associated anemia, constrained by tumor-progression and thrombosis warnings", "Perioperative use to support autologous donation or to reduce allogeneic transfusion in some orthopedic and cardiac pathways", "Diagnostic serum EPO measurement to help separate polycythemia vera (typically suppressed EPO) from hypoxia- or EPO-driven secondary erythrocytosis", "Anti-doping testing of blood and urine from endurance athletes for recombinant isoforms", "Protocol use in some neonatal units for anemia of prematurity" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult serum immunoreactive EPO (common clinical immunoassay reference interval)", "typical_range": "2.6-18.5 (method-dependent)", "unit": "IU/L" }, { "quantity": "Mature human polypeptide mass", "typical_range": "18.4", "unit": "kDa" }, { "quantity": "Apparent mass of the circulating glycoprotein", "typical_range": "30-34", "unit": "kDa" }, { "quantity": "Amino-acid residues in the mature human protein", "typical_range": "165", "unit": "aa" }, { "quantity": "N-linked glycosylation sites on native human EPO", "typical_range": "3", "unit": "sites" }, { "quantity": "Epoetin alfa terminal plasma half-life after an intravenous dose", "typical_range": "4-13", "unit": "h" }, { "quantity": "Hemoglobin range targeted during ESA therapy in contemporary CKD practice (not a physiological EPO range)", "typical_range": "100-115", "unit": "g/L" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Anti-EPO antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia, historically clustered with some epoetin alfa formulations given subcutaneously", "Venous and arterial thrombosis, stroke, and excess mortality when ESAs are used to push hemoglobin toward the normal range", "New or worsening hypertension, and seizures when hematocrit rises rapidly", "Signals of shortened survival or tumor progression in some oncology indications", "ESA hyporesponsiveness from iron deficiency, inflammation, secondary hyperparathyroidism, or concurrent ACE-inhibitor use", "Immunogenicity after a change of formulation, container, or route", "Illicit endurance-sport use, including micro-dosing intended to evade isoform tests" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "The United States long used originator epoetin alfa (Epogen/Procrit) and darbepoetin; the EU licensed multiple epoetin biosimilars earlier and more widely", "Japan has locally prominent products such as epoetin kappa and epoetin beta pegol that are uncommon as first-line ESAs elsewhere", "Vernacular \"EPO\" and \"erythropoietin\" versus the INN \"epoetin\"; darbepoetin and CERA keep separate brand families by market", "Dialysis ESA dosing is shaped by US Medicare bundled payment in a way that does not apply in fee-for-service systems", "Anti-doping isoform maps are calibrated to the recombinant products actually circulating in a region, so the laboratory signature of \"rEPO\" is not globally identical" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Darbepoetin alfa", "difference": "Five N-glycans and a longer half-life versus native/epoetin three-N-glycan EPO; IEF or SAR-PAGE shows a more acidic, slower-migrating isoform ladder." }, { "name": "HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (for example roxadustat, vadadustat)", "difference": "They raise endogenous EPO rather than supplying recombinant protein; circulating EPO retains the native isoform pattern instead of an rEPO ladder." }, { "name": "G-CSF (filgrastim and related CSFs)", "difference": "Myeloid growth factor acting on G-CSF receptor, not EPO receptor; increases neutrophils, not red-cell mass." }, { "name": "Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists", "difference": "Platelet-lineage agonists (TPO receptor); they do not bind EPO receptor or raise hemoglobin as their primary effect." }, { "name": "Packed red-cell transfusion", "difference": "Raises hemoglobin without EPO-receptor agonism; measured EPO typically falls after an adequate transfusion." }, { "name": "Polycythemia vera", "difference": "Clonal erythrocytosis with suppressed serum EPO and, in most cases, a JAK2 mutation; secondary erythrocytosis shows elevated or inappropriately normal EPO and no JAK2 driver." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of erythropoietin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own erythropoietin, requiring this registry entry to link to it rather than receive a separate publication?", "Does this registry entry cover erythropoietin across species, and how should named epoetins, darbepoetin and chemically modified derivatives be related without inventing registry splits?", "Which validated methods and reference materials support distinguishing endogenous from administered erythropoietin in each relevant matrix, and where must origin remain unresolved?", "Which assay-specific cross-reactivity, interference and calibration data are needed to compare endogenous erythropoietin measurements with results involving recombinant or modified forms?", "Which preparation-specific stability criteria and functional evidence are sufficient for each intended use, and should proposed non-erythropoietic activities remain outside scope pending stronger evidence?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a erythropoietin, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise erythropoietin, assess the identity, abundance and functional state of a particular occurrence, and determine which analyses or uses its evidence supports.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: epoetin alfa, Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a erythropoietin, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "epoetin alfa", "Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one erythropoietin from another, and a erythropoietin from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a erythropoietin sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a erythropoietin from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a erythropoietin is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a erythropoietin is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a erythropoietin is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a erythropoietin is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a erythropoietin is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a erythropoietin is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a erythropoietin passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a erythropoietin between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a erythropoietin, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a erythropoietin is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What erythropoietin is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does erythropoietin perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise erythropoietin, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How erythropoietin is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does erythropoietin have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does erythropoietin need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about erythropoietin is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about erythropoietin hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern erythropoietin, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a erythropoietin came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a erythropoietin and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a erythropoietin is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a erythropoietin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a erythropoietin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a erythropoietin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }