{
    "model": {
        "rank": 6370,
        "code": "thing-q219466",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.wudu",
        "name": "wudu",
        "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an instance of wudu, record its performance and continuing ritual effect, and identify appropriate next actions under the practitioner's stated religious authority.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Activities and processes",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "ACT",
        "domain": "ACT.ACT",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q219466/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 61,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "ablution basin"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 1,
            "merged": 1,
            "knownIn": 61,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q219466",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219466",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:05:40Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Codex",
                    "Grok"
                ],
                "missingProviders": [],
                "pass": 2,
                "cost": {
                    "grok": {
                        "usd": 0.00867816,
                        "turns": 1,
                        "seconds": 144,
                        "error": null
                    },
                    "codex": {
                        "seconds": 83.2,
                        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c2b-b4ee-7ed2-b421-47aafb2c5e77\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: wudu\nRegistry id: vr.tr.wudu\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model s"
                    }
                }
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q219466",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.wudu",
                "name": "wudu",
                "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "ACT.ACT"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q219466/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.wudu",
                "name": "wudu",
                "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an instance of wudu, record its performance and continuing ritual effect, and identify appropriate next actions under the practitioner's stated religious authority.",
                "definition": "Wuḍūʾ is the Islamic minor ritual purification in which specified limbs are washed or wiped in a prescribed sequence so as to lift ḥadath aṣghar (minor ritual impurity) and make a person eligible for ṣalāh and other acts that require ṭahāra.",
                "scope_statement": "This model owns wudu as a ritual act registered as vr.tr.wudu in ACT / ACT.ACT, including its prerequisites, performed steps, authority-relative assessment, and subsequent continuity; it distinguishes the act from the resulting condition of ritual purity.",
                "in_scope": [
                    "Identification of an intended or reported wudu episode and its relationship to an upcoming act of worship",
                    "The practitioner's applicable tradition, school, or religious authority and the rules used for assessment",
                    "Water suitability, bodily access, and circumstances affecting washing or wiping",
                    "Performance of required and recommended actions, including coverage, sequence, and interruptions",
                    "Completion, unresolved defects, and subsequent events relevant to retaining wudu",
                    "Applicable accommodations and referral to another purification practice"
                ],
                "out_of_scope": [
                    "Ghusl as a complete purification act and its independent requirements",
                    "Tayammum as a distinct purification act",
                    "Salah and other acts of worship beyond their interface with wudu requirements",
                    "Removal of physical impurity, toilet cleansing, and ordinary hygiene as independent activities",
                    "Medical diagnosis or treatment of conditions affecting purification",
                    "Design and operation of ablution facilities and water infrastructure"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "The episode is identified as Islamic ritual ablution, rather than inferred from ordinary handwashing, bathing, or visible cleanliness.",
                    "Its procedure concerns prescribed washing and wiping of specified body regions, rather than whole-body washing alone; the foundational passage is [Qur'an 5:6](https://legacy.quran.com/5/6).",
                    "It uses water-based washing or wiping; an episode identified as tayammum is linked to the neighbouring model rather than recorded as wudu.",
                    "A completed episode and a person's currently retained wudu are distinguishable: later events can affect the latter without changing the historical performance record.",
                    "Its sufficiency is assessed against an identified religious rule set, rather than a universal checklist assembled from different schools."
                ],
                "characteristics": [
                    {
                        "name": "Applicable religious authority",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Practitioner-selected tradition, school, scholar, or ruling; unspecified",
                        "why_it_matters": "Determines which requirements, exceptions, and continuity rules may be applied."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Episode purpose",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Preparation for worship; renewal of retained wudu; other stated devotional purpose; unknown",
                        "why_it_matters": "Separates the reason for performing wudu from an assumption that previous wudu had ended."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Performance stage",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Planned; in progress; interrupted; reported complete; abandoned",
                        "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes progress through the act from a judgment of ritual sufficiency."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Intention evidence",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Practitioner-reported intention and timing; not reported; unclear",
                        "why_it_matters": "Allows authority-specific assessment without treating an inward intention as externally observable."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Body-region action and coverage",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Per applicable region: wash or wipe; extent reached; omitted; uncertain; accommodated",
                        "why_it_matters": "Makes missed areas and differences in prescribed technique assessable."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Washing and wiping repetitions",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "Count per action and body region",
                        "why_it_matters": "Allows required sufficiency and recommended repetition to be evaluated separately."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Interruption duration",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "Elapsed seconds or minutes, with drying and environmental context when relevant",
                        "why_it_matters": "Supports continuity assessment without inventing a universal time limit."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Water and access assessment",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Suitable and accessible; suitability unresolved; unavailable; use constrained",
                        "why_it_matters": "Determines whether ordinary performance can proceed or an accommodation needs consideration."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Completion assessment",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Sufficient under selected authority; defect identified; unresolved; not assessed",
                        "why_it_matters": "Keeps an assessment tied to its rule basis and available evidence."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Continuing wudu assessment",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Retained under selected authority; ended under selected authority; uncertain; not assessed",
                        "why_it_matters": "Supports later decisions without assuming that every new prayer requires another episode."
                    }
                ],
                "affordances": [
                    "Construct a wudu checklist from the practitioner's selected authority and circumstances.",
                    "Record reported washing, wiping, omissions, interruptions, and completion without claiming access to inward intention.",
                    "Identify a specific unresolved prerequisite or missed action and retrieve the applicable correction rule.",
                    "Reassess continuing wudu after a reported event using the selected authority's rules.",
                    "Identify when an accommodation or a linked ghusl or tayammum assessment is needed.",
                    "Explain the evidence and ruling behind an assessment while separating required actions from recommendations."
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "id": "quran-5-6",
                    "title": "The Qurʾan, Sūrat al-Māʾida 5:6 (revealed scripture; widely printed and recited recensions)",
                    "url": "https://quran.com/5/6",
                    "what_it_supports": "The scriptural list of the four acts of wuḍūʾ, the concession of tayammum when water cannot be used, and the framing of the rite as purification before prayer.",
                    "url_status": "live"
                },
                {
                    "id": "bukhari-wudu",
                    "title": "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Kitāb al-Wuḍūʾ (Book of Ablutions), compiled by Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī",
                    "url": "https://sunnah.com/bukhari/4",
                    "what_it_supports": "Prophetic descriptions of how wuḍūʾ was performed, water economy, nullifiers, and related rulings used across Sunni fiqh.",
                    "url_status": "live"
                },
                {
                    "id": "ei2-wudu",
                    "title": "\"Wuḍūʾ\", Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, Brill",
                    "url": "",
                    "what_it_supports": "Scholarly overview of the rite, its legal structure, and its distinction from ghusl and tayammum."
                }
            ],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "ritual-identity-and-rule-basis",
                        "name": "Ritual identity and rule basis",
                        "description": "Establish which act is being recorded and which religious interpretation governs its assessment.",
                        "rationale": "Similar washing behaviour can serve different purposes, and wudu cannot be assessed reliably through an unspecified mixture of rulings.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "episode-and-intention",
                                "name": "Episode and intention",
                                "description": "Identify the particular ablution episode and the practitioner's account of its purpose.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "wudu-identification",
                                        "name": "Wudu identification",
                                        "description": "Record whether the practitioner identifies this act as wudu and what is known about intention, without inferring it from appearance.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What identifies this episode as wudu rather than ordinary washing or part of a ghusl?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "wudu-identification-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What purpose and intention timing has the practitioner reported, if any?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "wudu-identification-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "applicable-authority",
                                "name": "Applicable authority",
                                "description": "Bind performance judgments to an identified and traceable rule set.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "authority-specific-requirements",
                                        "name": "Authority-specific requirements",
                                        "description": "Record the authority used and distinguish prerequisites, obligatory acts, recommendations, and unresolved differences.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which tradition, school, or authority does the practitioner follow for this episode, and which consulted source supplies its rules?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "authority-specific-requirements-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which requirements remain undecidable if the authority is unspecified or the available sources disagree?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "authority-specific-requirements-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "water-and-body-readiness",
                        "name": "Water and body readiness",
                        "description": "Record whether the available water and access to required body regions permit the applicable procedure.",
                        "rationale": "A checklist of gestures is insufficient when water suitability or barriers prevent the prescribed washing or wiping.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "water-qualification",
                                "name": "Water qualification",
                                "description": "Separate the water's religious suitability from its availability and practical usability.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "usable-purification-water",
                                        "name": "Usable purification water",
                                        "description": "Record relevant water properties and constraints, leaving disputed suitability to the selected authority.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is known about the water's source, alteration, or contamination, and how does the selected authority classify it?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "usable-purification-water-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is sufficient suitable water accessible for the required washing and wiping?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "usable-purification-water-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "contact-and-coverage-access",
                                "name": "Contact and coverage access",
                                "description": "Identify circumstances affecting water contact with the regions required by the applicable rules.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "barriers-and-covered-regions",
                                        "name": "Barriers and covered regions",
                                        "description": "Record coatings, dressings, garments, or bodily circumstances that may affect required contact without assuming they all have the same ruling.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which required regions have coatings or coverings that may prevent the prescribed water contact?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "barriers-and-covered-regions-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which can be exposed normally, and which require an authority-specific accommodation assessment?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "barriers-and-covered-regions-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "washing-and-wiping-performance",
                        "name": "Washing and wiping performance",
                        "description": "Record the actual body-region actions and their temporal relationships.",
                        "rationale": "Wudu assessment requires knowing what was washed or wiped and how the episode proceeded, rather than merely recording that water was used.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "regional-actions",
                                "name": "Regional actions",
                                "description": "Represent prescribed regions, action types, and extent without imposing one school's complete procedure on every practitioner.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "required-region-coverage",
                                        "name": "Required region coverage",
                                        "description": "Use the face, arms, head, and feet as foundational regions while resolving exact boundaries and washing or wiping requirements through the selected interpretation. [Qur'an 5:6](https://legacy.quran.com/5/6)",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "For each prescribed region, which washing or wiping action and extent does the selected authority require?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "required-region-coverage-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What coverage and repetition count were reported for each region, and what remains unknown?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "required-region-coverage-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "sequence-and-continuity",
                                "name": "Sequence and continuity",
                                "description": "Record action order and gaps when these affect assessment.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "ordered-performance-and-pauses",
                                        "name": "Ordered performance and pauses",
                                        "description": "Keep the observed sequence and interruptions distinct from the authority's judgment about their consequences.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "In what order were the actions performed, and where did pauses or restarts occur?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "ordered-performance-and-pauses-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Under the selected authority, does any ordering or continuity defect require completing an action, repeating part of the sequence, or restarting?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "ordered-performance-and-pauses-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "completion-and-retained-wudu",
                        "name": "Completion and retained wudu",
                        "description": "Assess the completed act separately from whether its ritual effect continues.",
                        "rationale": "An agent must distinguish incomplete performance, later loss of wudu, and uncertainty about either.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "completion-judgment",
                                "name": "Completion judgment",
                                "description": "Determine whether the available account supports sufficiency under the selected rules.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "defects-and-correction",
                                        "name": "Defects and correction",
                                        "description": "Identify specific unmet requirements and distinguish them from omitted recommendations or missing evidence.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which applicable requirements are supported, contradicted, or unreported in this episode?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "defects-and-correction-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What correction, if any, is supported by the selected authority for each identified defect?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "defects-and-correction-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "subsequent-events-and-doubt",
                                "name": "Subsequent events and doubt",
                                "description": "Track relevant events after completion and the authority's treatment of uncertainty.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "continuing-effect-assessment",
                                        "name": "Continuing effect assessment",
                                        "description": "Record reported candidate nullifiers, such as bodily discharge or sleep, without assuming identical criteria across authorities or treating doubt as a confirmed event.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What potentially relevant event was reported after completion, when did it occur, and is it certain or suspected?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "continuing-effect-assessment-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "How does the selected authority treat that event or doubt when deciding whether wudu remains in effect?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "continuing-effect-assessment-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "accommodations-and-worship-interface",
                        "name": "Accommodations and worship interface",
                        "description": "Represent exceptional performance routes and the limited conclusions wudu supports about a subsequent act of worship.",
                        "rationale": "Ordinary performance may be constrained, and sufficient wudu alone does not establish every prerequisite for worship.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "modified-performance",
                                "name": "Modified performance",
                                "description": "Record a claimed accommodation together with its authority, qualifying circumstances, and limits.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "accommodation-eligibility",
                                        "name": "Accommodation eligibility",
                                        "description": "Support investigation of wiping over coverings, assisted performance, injury-related constraints, and continuing discharge without treating any concession as automatic.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which circumstance prevents or modifies ordinary performance, and what evidence establishes it?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "accommodation-eligibility-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What ruling authorises the proposed accommodation, and what conditions or time limits govern its use?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "accommodation-eligibility-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "purification-and-worship-handoff",
                                "name": "Purification and worship handoff",
                                "description": "Connect the assessed episode to the intended worship requirement and neighbouring purification acts.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "limited-readiness-conclusion",
                                        "name": "Limited readiness conclusion",
                                        "description": "Return a conclusion about the wudu requirement only; ghusl can interact with that requirement and needs an explicit authority-based handoff. [Dar al-Ifta discussion of ghusl and wudu](https://dar-alifta.org/ar/fatwa/details/16339/الاكتفاء-بالاغتسال-عن-الوضوء)",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "For the intended act of worship, what wudu-related prerequisite does the selected authority require, and is it currently satisfied?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "limited-readiness-conclusion-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Do the recorded circumstances call for renewal, a ghusl assessment, a tayammum assessment, or resolution by the practitioner's religious authority?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "limited-readiness-conclusion-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment",
                        "name": "Evidence and external alignment",
                        "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.",
                        "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "reported-evidence",
                                "name": "Reported evidence",
                                "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-kinds",
                                        "name": "Kinds and varieties",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Farḍ wuḍūʾ: the four Qurʾanic acts only (wash face, wash arms to the elbows, wipe the head, wash or wipe the feet to the ankles)",
                                            "Complete/sunnah wuḍūʾ: the farḍ acts plus recommended elements (intention, basmala, hands, mouth and nose, ears, up to three washings, observed order and continuity)",
                                            "Wuḍūʾ with masḥ over khuffayn, substituting a wipe of qualifying footwear for washing the feet",
                                            "Wuḍūʾ with masḥ over a jabīrah (bandage, cast, or medical covering) when washing the limb would harm",
                                            "Imāmī (Twelver Shīʿī) wuḍūʾ, distinguished in practice by wiping the feet rather than washing them",
                                            "Tajdīd al-wuḍūʾ: a fresh wuḍūʾ performed while already in a state of purity, commonly before a later prayer",
                                            "Madhhab-conditioned obligatory sets (e.g. niyya as farḍ in Shāfiʿī and Ḥanbalī law; dalk and muwālāt in Mālikī law)"
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-kinds-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Identifiers and schemes",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "Arabic lemma",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "وضوء",
                                                "note": "Classical and modern Arabic; also vocalized wuḍūʾ."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "common Latin spellings",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "wudu | wudhu | wuzu | wuḍūʾ",
                                                "note": "Orthography varies by language of publication; none is an issuing-authority code."
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation",
                                        "name": "Standards and regulation",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Qurʾan 5:6 as the primary revealed prescription of the four acts and of tayammum when water cannot be used",
                                            "Sunni fiqh of the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī, and Ḥanbalī schools, which specify farḍ, sunna, water grades, and nullifiers",
                                            "Jaʿfarī (Imāmī) fiqh for Twelver practice, including wiping rather than washing the feet",
                                            "Hadith collections used as procedural sources, above all the wuḍūʾ books of al-Bukhārī and Muslim",
                                            "Where wuḍūʾ rooms are built, ordinary national plumbing, drainage, and public-hygiene codes apply; there is no single transnational building standard for the rite"
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-real-world-use",
                                        "name": "Real-world use",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Performed at home, in workplace prayer rooms, and in mosque wuḍūʾ halls immediately before the five daily prayers",
                                            "Treated in most schools as a condition for ṭawāf of the Kaʿba and, commonly, for touching a muṣḥaf",
                                            "Taught as a basic skill in children's religious instruction and in conversion/new-Muslim guidance",
                                            "Built into mosque architecture as dedicated wet rooms with low taps or troughs, seating, and floor drains",
                                            "Still performed with a jug or ewer in households and travel settings without convenient running water"
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-measurements",
                                        "name": "Typical measurements",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "water volume for one complete wuḍūʾ",
                                                "typical_range": "about 0.5-2 with a vessel or careful tap use; a classical mudd is about 0.5-0.75; free-flowing taps often 3-8",
                                                "unit": "L"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "time to perform",
                                                "typical_range": "1-5",
                                                "unit": "min"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "washings per limb",
                                                "typical_range": "1 (minimum validity in most schools) to 3 (sunnah)",
                                                "unit": "count"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "duration of masḥ over khuffayn (majority Sunni)",
                                                "typical_range": "24 for a resident; 72 for a traveller",
                                                "unit": "h"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-measurements-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards",
                                        "name": "Failure modes and hazards",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Nullification by ḥadath (urine, feces, passing wind, deep sleep, and school-dependent extras such as touching the genitals or skin-to-skin contact)",
                                            "Leaving a dry patch or omitting an obligatory limb, which leaves the wuḍūʾ invalid",
                                            "Breaking required order (tartīb) or continuity (muwālāt) in schools that treat those as farḍ",
                                            "Using najis water, or in some schools previously used (mustaʿmal) water",
                                            "Ṣalāh performed without valid wuḍūʾ is itself invalid",
                                            "Isrāf (waste of water), especially at free-running taps",
                                            "Slips on wet wuḍūʾ floors; dermatitis or infection from over-washing or poorly kept shared facilities"
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-regional-variation",
                                        "name": "Regional variation",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Turkish and Balkan usage: abdest",
                                            "Persian: vozu / dast-namāz",
                                            "South Asia: wuzū",
                                            "Malay-Indonesian: wudhu, often at long communal troughs",
                                            "Sinophone Muslim usage: 小净 (xiǎojìng)",
                                            "Shīʿī-majority practice: wipe the feet; a ewer (āftābeh) remains common in domestic settings",
                                            "Maghribī Mālikī practice: rubbing (dalk), strong continuity, and a different nullifier set",
                                            "Wiping over ordinary cloth socks is common in some cold-climate and some Salafi-influenced settings, against the classical khuff conditions of the four schools"
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-neighbours",
                                        "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "name": "ghusl",
                                                "difference": "Ghusl is the major full-body wash that lifts ḥadath akbar (janāba, menses, nifās); wuḍūʾ does not lift major impurity and does not wash the whole body."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "tayammum",
                                                "difference": "Tayammum is the dry substitute using earth or a like surface when water is unavailable or medically harmful; it is not wuḍūʾ performed with water."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "istinjāʾ / istijmār",
                                                "difference": "Cleaning the private parts after elimination; it is a prior hygiene act, not the four-limb rite of wuḍūʾ."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "ordinary washing",
                                                "difference": "Washing for hygiene, cooling, or first aid lacks the prescribed limbs, sequence, and intention that constitute ritual wuḍūʾ."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Christian baptism or liturgical ablution",
                                                "difference": "A different religion's rite with different theology and frequency; baptism is not a repeated pre-prayer limb-washing of the Islamic type."
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of wudu this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Which Sunni, Shi'a, Ibadi, and other authority profiles must the model support, and which primary or recognised interpretive sources will establish each profile?",
                "How should each supported authority's rules for intention, anatomical boundaries, foot washing or wiping, repetitions, order, and continuity be represented without combining incompatible requirements?",
                "What exact conditions govern water suitability, barriers, wiping over coverings, injuries, assisted performance, and continuing discharge in each supported profile?",
                "How does each supported authority distinguish confirmed nullifiers from doubt, and how should assessments preserve the difference between unreported evidence and a ritual defect?",
                "Where should the authoritative interface with ghusl, tayammum, and worship-specific purification requirements sit so that the catalogue does not duplicate or contradict those neighbouring models?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 6,
                "layers": 11,
                "findings": 18,
                "questions": 28
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "abstract concept",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a wudu, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an instance of wudu, record its performance and continuing ritual effect, and identify appropriate next actions under the practitioner's stated religious authority.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "activity",
                "origin": "conceptual",
                "agency": "inert"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "observed and measured"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ablution basin.",
                "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a wudu, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "observe it, measure it, record its state"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "ablution basin"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one wudu from another, and a wudu from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a wudu sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a wudu from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a wudu passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a wudu between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a wudu, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a wudu is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "process-and-outcome",
                        "name": "Process, inputs and outcome",
                        "description": "How a wudu proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.",
                        "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "steps-and-sequence",
                                "name": "Steps and sequence",
                                "description": "The steps of a wudu, their order and what may run in parallel.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "steps-and-preconditions",
                                        "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion",
                                        "description": "What has to be true before each step of a wudu and what marks it done.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "inputs-and-results",
                                "name": "Inputs, resources and results",
                                "description": "What a wudu consumes and what it produces.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "inputs-and-outputs",
                                        "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects",
                                        "description": "The resources a wudu takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "definitions-in-contest",
                        "name": "Definitions and who holds them",
                        "description": "What wudu is taken to mean, and by whom.",
                        "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "competing-definitions",
                                "name": "Competing definitions",
                                "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "definition-map",
                                        "name": "Definitions and their holders",
                                        "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "definition-map-q01",
                                                "text": "Which definitions of wudu are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "definition-map-q02",
                                                "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "operationalisation",
                                "name": "Operationalisation",
                                "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "operational-record",
                                        "name": "Measures and proxies",
                                        "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "operational-record-q01",
                                                "text": "How is wudu operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "operational-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "instances-and-use",
                        "name": "Instances, use and consequence",
                        "description": "What counts as an instance of wudu and what follows from calling something that.",
                        "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "instances",
                                "name": "What counts as an instance",
                                "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "instance-tests",
                                        "name": "Tests for an instance",
                                        "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "instance-tests-q01",
                                                "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of wudu?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "instance-tests-q02",
                                                "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "consequence",
                                "name": "Consequence of application",
                                "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "consequence-record",
                                        "name": "What the label licenses",
                                        "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "consequence-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as wudu?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "consequence-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a wudu came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a wudu and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a wudu is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a wudu, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a wudu, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a wudu is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 6,
                "layers": 12,
                "findings": 14,
                "questions": 38
            }
        }
    }
}