{ "model": { "rank": 5494, "code": "thing-q220499", "model_id": "vr.tr.streaming-media", "name": "streaming media", "purpose": "Let an agent explain streaming media and how it works, relay protocols, codecs and delivery from technical references, describe services, live streaming and cloud gaming, and distinguish streaming from downloading, broadcasting and progressive download.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q220499/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "streaming channel", "cloud gaming", "livestream", "webcast", "P2PTV", "ebook streaming", "video streaming", "audio streaming", "Google Cast" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q220499", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220499", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:55:41Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q220499", "registryId": "vr.tr.streaming-media", "name": "streaming media", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q220499/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.streaming-media", "name": "streaming media", "purpose": "Let an agent explain streaming media and how it works, relay protocols, codecs and delivery from technical references, describe services, live streaming and cloud gaming, and distinguish streaming from downloading, broadcasting and progressive download.", "definition": "Multimedia content delivered over a network and played as it arrives, rather than downloaded in full first, including live streams such as webcasts and livestreams and on-demand video and audio, and by extension streaming channels, cloud gaming that streams rendered gameplay, peer-to-peer television and streamed ebooks; streaming relies on codecs, adaptive bitrate protocols such as HLS and DASH, content delivery networks and, for live events, low-latency transport.", "what_it_is_for": "Delivering audio, video and games over networks.", "affordances": [ "explain how streaming works", "relay protocols and codecs", "describe services and uses", "distinguish from download and broadcast" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Play while receiving", "Adaptive bitrate", "Live and on demand", "CDN delivery" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; video and audio playing from a network.", "visual_identification": [ "Media played as it arrives over a network", "Livestreams, webcasts, streaming channels, cloud gaming, P2PTV, ebook streaming", "Downloading stores the file first; broadcasting uses radio waves or cable; progressive download is a hybrid" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "common protocols", "typical_range": "HLS, DASH, RTMP, WebRTC", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "common codecs", "typical_range": "H.264, H.265, AV1, AAC, Opus", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "share of internet traffic", "typical_range": "majority", "unit": "note", "note": "video streaming, industry estimates" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "on-demand video and music streaming", "live streaming, livestreams and webcasts", "streaming channels and FAST channels", "cloud gaming", "peer-to-peer television", "ebook and content streaming" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "data stream", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "video codec", "why": "and audio codecs" }, { "relation": "is delivered by", "target": "content delivery network", "why": "at scale" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "download", "why": "which stores files first" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "MPEG-DASH and HLS specifications", "Copyright and licensing rules for streamed content", "Net neutrality and audiovisual media regulation", "Accessibility rules for captions" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Buffering and quality drops", "Piracy and unlicensed streams", "Confusing streaming with broadcasting" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What streaming is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is streaming media, and how does it differ from downloading and broadcasting?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about streaming in general, a service, live streaming or cloud gaming?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do on-demand streaming, livestreams, webcasts, streaming channels, cloud gaming and P2PTV differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "technology", "name": "Technology", "description": "How it works.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "protocols", "name": "Protocols", "description": "Protocols and codecs.", "findings": [ { "id": "protocols-finding", "name": "Protocols", "description": "Protocols.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do adaptive bitrate protocols, codecs and CDNs deliver streams?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "live", "name": "Live", "description": "Live and low latency.", "findings": [ { "id": "live-finding", "name": "Live", "description": "Live.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do live streams and cloud gaming achieve low latency?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Services and use.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "services", "name": "Services", "description": "Services.", "findings": [ { "id": "services-finding", "name": "Services", "description": "Services.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kinds of streaming services exist, and how do they license content?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific service?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "creators", "name": "Creators", "description": "Creators.", "findings": [ { "id": "creators-finding", "name": "Creators", "description": "Creators.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do creators livestream, and what equipment and platforms do they use?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits live streaming platform?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Impact and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Impact.", "findings": [ { "id": "impact-finding", "name": "Impact", "description": "Impact.", "questions": [ { "text": "How has streaming changed media industries, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the media industry?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did streaming develop from RealAudio and early webcasts to today?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the internet?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should live streaming and cloud gaming be separate primary entries?", "How should technical standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming distinct services; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a streaming media, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain streaming media and how it works, relay protocols, codecs and delivery from technical references, describe services, live streaming and cloud gaming, and distinguish streaming from downloading, broadcasting and progressive download.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: streaming channel, cloud gaming, livestream, webcast, P2PTV, ebook streaming, video streaming, audio streaming, Google Cast.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a streaming media, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "streaming channel", "cloud gaming", "livestream", "webcast", "P2PTV", "ebook streaming", "video streaming", "audio streaming", "Google Cast" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one streaming media from another, and a streaming media from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a streaming media sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a streaming media from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a streaming media passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a streaming media between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a streaming media, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a streaming media is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What streaming media is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of streaming media are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is streaming media operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of streaming media and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of streaming media?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as streaming media?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a streaming media came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a streaming media and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a streaming media is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a streaming media, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a streaming media, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a streaming media is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }