{
    "model": {
        "rank": 5929,
        "code": "thing-q221668",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.urinary-tract-infection",
        "name": "urinary tract infection",
        "purpose": "Let an agent explain urinary tract infections in general terms, relay symptoms, risk factors, prevention and treatment principles from clinical guidelines, distinguish uncomplicated from complicated infections and from other conditions, and route personal symptoms to clinicians.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Information and virtual systems",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "INF",
        "domain": "INF.KNW",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q221668/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 64,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "catheter-associated urinary tract infection",
                "asymptomatic bacteriuria",
                "acute gonococcal cystitis",
                "renal tuberculosis",
                "Pseudomonas urinary tract infectious disease",
                "urinary tuberculosis",
                "acute hemorrhagic cystitis",
                "urinary tract infection in children",
                "urinary tract infection during pregnancy"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 9,
            "merged": 9,
            "knownIn": 64,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.urinary-tract-infection",
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q221668",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221668",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T21:54:36Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Claude"
                ],
                "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
                "pass": 2,
                "wave": 3,
                "engine": "claude"
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q221668",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.urinary-tract-infection",
                "name": "urinary tract infection",
                "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "INF.KNW"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q221668/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.urinary-tract-infection",
                "name": "urinary tract infection",
                "purpose": "Let an agent explain urinary tract infections in general terms, relay symptoms, risk factors, prevention and treatment principles from clinical guidelines, distinguish uncomplicated from complicated infections and from other conditions, and route personal symptoms to clinicians.",
                "definition": "An infection of any part of the urinary system, most often the bladder, called cystitis, and sometimes the kidneys, called pyelonephritis, usually caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli entering through the urethra; urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections, more frequent in women, and include catheter-associated infections, infections in pregnancy and children, and asymptomatic bacteriuria that usually needs no treatment.",
                "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disease.",
                "affordances": [
                    "explain kinds, causes and symptoms in general terms",
                    "relay guideline principles on diagnosis and treatment",
                    "relay prevention measures",
                    "route personal symptoms to clinicians"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "Common bacterial infection",
                    "Lower and upper tract forms",
                    "Uncomplicated and complicated categories",
                    "Antibiotic stewardship relevant"
                ],
                "appearance": "Not a visible object; symptoms include painful frequent urination, and fever and flank pain if the kidneys are involved.",
                "visual_identification": [
                    "Bacterial infection of bladder, urethra or kidney",
                    "Uncomplicated or complicated by anatomy, catheters or pregnancy",
                    "Sexually transmitted urethritis and urinary tuberculosis are separate conditions"
                ],
                "physical_properties": [
                    {
                        "quantity": "lifetime incidence in women",
                        "typical_range": "about 50-60",
                        "unit": "percent",
                        "note": "per epidemiological studies"
                    },
                    {
                        "quantity": "main pathogen",
                        "typical_range": "Escherichia coli",
                        "unit": "organism",
                        "note": "about 75-90 percent of uncomplicated cases"
                    }
                ],
                "families_and_kinds": [
                    "uncomplicated cystitis",
                    "pyelonephritis",
                    "complicated infections including catheter-associated",
                    "infections in pregnancy, children and older adults",
                    "recurrent infections",
                    "asymptomatic bacteriuria",
                    "specific infections such as Pseudomonas or gonococcal cystitis, and urinary tuberculosis as a distinct disease"
                ],
                "related_models": [
                    {
                        "relation": "is a kind of",
                        "target": "bacterial infectious disease",
                        "why": "the category"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "includes",
                        "target": "cystitis",
                        "why": "the bladder form"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "includes",
                        "target": "pyelonephritis",
                        "why": "the kidney form"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is caused by",
                        "target": "Escherichia coli",
                        "why": "most often"
                    }
                ],
                "identifiers": [
                    {
                        "scheme": "ICD-10",
                        "value_or_pattern": "N39.0",
                        "note": "urinary tract infection, site not specified"
                    },
                    {
                        "scheme": "ICD-11",
                        "value_or_pattern": "GC08",
                        "note": "urinary tract infection"
                    }
                ],
                "standards_and_regulation": [
                    "Clinical guidelines from urological and infectious disease societies",
                    "Antibiotic stewardship policies",
                    "Healthcare-associated infection prevention rules for catheters"
                ],
                "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
                    "Progression to kidney infection or sepsis if untreated",
                    "Antibiotic resistance",
                    "Overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria",
                    "Agents giving personal medical advice"
                ],
                "in_scope": [],
                "out_of_scope": [],
                "characteristics": []
            },
            "sources": [],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "understand",
                        "name": "Understand",
                        "description": "What a UTI is.",
                        "rationale": "General information.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "definition",
                                "name": "Definition",
                                "description": "Definition and kinds.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "definition-finding",
                                        "name": "Definition",
                                        "description": "Definition.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is a urinary tract infection, and what kinds exist?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the user describing their own symptoms, which needs a clinician?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "causes",
                                "name": "Causes",
                                "description": "Causes and risk factors.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "causes-finding",
                                        "name": "Causes",
                                        "description": "Causes.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What causes infections, and who is at higher risk?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits a specific pathogen?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "clinical",
                        "name": "Clinical",
                        "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.",
                        "rationale": "Clinical.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "diagnosis",
                                "name": "Diagnosis",
                                "description": "Diagnosis.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "diagnosis-finding",
                                        "name": "Diagnosis",
                                        "description": "Diagnosis.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How do guidelines describe diagnosis, including when testing is needed?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the presentation free of personal medical advice?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "treatment",
                                "name": "Treatment",
                                "description": "Treatment principles.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "treatment-finding",
                                        "name": "Treatment",
                                        "description": "Treatment.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What treatment principles and stewardship rules do guidelines set, in general terms?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which references are standard?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "prevent",
                        "name": "Prevent",
                        "description": "Prevention.",
                        "rationale": "Prevention.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "measures",
                                "name": "Measures",
                                "description": "Prevention measures.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "measures-finding",
                                        "name": "Measures",
                                        "description": "Measures.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What prevention measures does evidence support, including for recurrent infections?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits recurrent UTI?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "catheters",
                                "name": "Catheters",
                                "description": "Catheter-associated infection.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "catheters-finding",
                                        "name": "Catheters",
                                        "description": "Catheters.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How are catheter-associated infections prevented in healthcare settings?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits healthcare-associated infection?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "context",
                        "name": "Context",
                        "description": "Burden and research.",
                        "rationale": "Sources.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "burden",
                                "name": "Burden",
                                "description": "Burden.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "burden-finding",
                                        "name": "Burden",
                                        "description": "Burden.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What do studies report about incidence and costs, with sources?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "research",
                                "name": "Research",
                                "description": "Research.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "research-finding",
                                        "name": "Research",
                                        "description": "Research.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What are current research directions, such as vaccines and non-antibiotic prevention?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits antimicrobial resistance?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Should cystitis and pyelonephritis be separate primary entries?",
                "How should guidelines be linked by country?",
                "The registry entry has merged aliases naming distinct diseases such as urinary tuberculosis; should they be split off?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 4,
                "layers": 8,
                "findings": 8,
                "questions": 16
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "disease or condition",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a urinary tract infection, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain urinary tract infections in general terms, relay symptoms, risk factors, prevention and treatment principles from clinical guidelines, distinguish uncomplicated from complicated infections and from other conditions, and route personal symptoms to clinicians.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "information",
                "origin": "conceptual",
                "agency": "inert"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "read and interpreted"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: catheter-associated urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute gonococcal cystitis, renal tuberculosis, Pseudomonas urinary tract infectious disease, urinary tuberculosis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary tract infection in children, urinary tract infection during pregnancy.",
                "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a urinary tract infection, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "read it and act on what it says"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "Recognised by criteria applied to signs and findings, not by appearance. Two conditions can look identical and be distinguished only by test."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "catheter-associated urinary tract infection",
                        "asymptomatic bacteriuria",
                        "acute gonococcal cystitis",
                        "renal tuberculosis",
                        "Pseudomonas urinary tract infectious disease",
                        "urinary tuberculosis",
                        "acute hemorrhagic cystitis",
                        "urinary tract infection in children",
                        "urinary tract infection during pregnancy"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one urinary tract infection from another, and a urinary tract infection from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a urinary tract infection sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a urinary tract infection from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a urinary tract infection passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a urinary tract infection between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a urinary tract infection, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a urinary tract infection is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "content-and-access",
                        "name": "Content, encoding and access",
                        "description": "What a urinary tract infection says, how it is encoded and who may read it.",
                        "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "content-and-encoding",
                                "name": "Content and encoding",
                                "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "content-and-format",
                                        "name": "Content, format and language",
                                        "description": "What a urinary tract infection contains and in what form it is held.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "access-and-rights",
                                "name": "Access, rights and retention",
                                "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "access-rules",
                                        "name": "Access rules and retention",
                                        "description": "The permissions attached to a urinary tract infection and the period it survives.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes access to a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "diagnosis-and-criteria",
                        "name": "Diagnosis, criteria and coding",
                        "description": "What makes a case of urinary tract infection a case, and under which revision.",
                        "rationale": "Criteria change between revisions, so a diagnosis without its coding revision cannot be compared with a later one.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "criteria",
                                "name": "Diagnostic criteria",
                                "description": "The criteria in force and who issues them.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "criteria-record",
                                        "name": "Criteria, issuer and revision",
                                        "description": "What must be true for a diagnosis, according to whom.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "criteria-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What criteria define urinary tract infection, issued by which body, in which revision?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "criteria-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What changed between revisions that would reclassify existing cases?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "coding",
                                "name": "Coding and terminology",
                                "description": "The codes used to record it and their mapping.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "coding-record",
                                        "name": "Codes and mappings",
                                        "description": "Which classification codes apply and how they map.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "coding-record-q01",
                                                "text": "Which classification and terminology codes cover urinary tract infection, and how do they map to each other?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "coding-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What is lost when a case is mapped from one scheme to another?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "course-and-population",
                        "name": "Course, population and care",
                        "description": "How urinary tract infection develops, whom it affects, and what is done about it.",
                        "rationale": "The condition, the diagnosis and the episode of care are three different things, and an agent must not merge them.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "course",
                                "name": "Course and stages",
                                "description": "Onset, progression, remission and outcome.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "course-record",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages recorded and what moves a case between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "course-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What course does urinary tract infection typically take, and what marks each stage?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "course-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What separates the condition itself from an episode of care for it?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "population",
                                "name": "Affected populations",
                                "description": "Who is affected, how often, and on what evidence.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "epidemiology",
                                        "name": "Prevalence and its basis",
                                        "description": "Rates with their population, period and source.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "epidemiology-q01",
                                                "text": "What prevalence or incidence is reported for urinary tract infection, in which population and period?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "epidemiology-q02",
                                                "text": "What may an agent not conclude about an individual from a population rate?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a urinary tract infection came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a urinary tract infection and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a urinary tract infection is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a urinary tract infection, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a urinary tract infection, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a urinary tract infection is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 6,
                "layers": 12,
                "findings": 14,
                "questions": 38
            }
        }
    }
}