anaphase
Let an agent explain anaphase and its mechanics, relay the events of mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase I and II from cell biology sources, describe regulation by the anaphase-promoting complex, and distinguish anaphase from metaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain anaphase and its mechanics, relay the events of mitotic anaphase and meiotic anaphase I and II from cell biology sources, describe regulation by the anaphase-promoting complex, and distinguish anaphase from metaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
The stage of cell division in which sister chromatids, in mitosis and meiosis II, or homologous chromosomes, in meiosis I, separate and move to opposite poles of the cell along the spindle, comprising anaphase A, the movement of chromosomes toward the poles, and anaphase B, the elongation of the spindle; anaphase follows metaphase and is triggered by the anaphase-promoting complex.
What it is for: Not applicable; a cell cycle phase.
It can be explain the phase; relay mechanics and regulation; describe mitotic and meiotic variants; distinguish related phases.
Distinguishing features
Chromatid separation
Spindle driven
APC/C trigger
Mitotic and meiotic forms
What it looks like
Not a visible object; chromosomes moving apart to two poles.
Physical character
chromosome speed: about 1 micrometre per minute - typical
trigger: anaphase-promoting complex and separase note
sub-stages: anaphase A and B list
How it is recognised
Chromosome separation to poles
Mitotic anaphase, meiotic anaphase I, meiotic anaphase II
Metaphase aligns chromosomes; telophase re-forms nuclei; cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
follows - in division
is triggered by - via separase
precedes - in division
In practice
Families and kinds
mitotic anaphase
meiotic anaphase I separating homologues
meiotic anaphase II separating chromatids
anaphase A and anaphase B
Identifiers
GO GO:0051322 anaphase
Standards and regulation
No regulation
Failure modes and hazards
Nondisjunction causing aneuploidy
Confusing anaphase I and II
Anaphase lag and bridges
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What anaphase is.
Science.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is anaphase, and how does it differ from metaphase, telophase and cytokinesis? definition
- Is the question about mitosis, meiosis I, meiosis II or regulation? boundary
Variants
Variants.
Variants
Variants.
- How do mitotic anaphase, meiotic anaphase I and meiotic anaphase II differ? definition
- Which entry fits the specific variant? action
Mechanics Mechanics.
Science.
Spindle
Spindle.
Spindle
Spindle.
- How do kinetochores, microtubules and motors move chromosomes in anaphase A and B? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Trigger
Trigger.
Trigger
Trigger.
- How do the spindle checkpoint, APC/C and separase trigger anaphase? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Errors Errors.
Science.
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction.
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction.
- How do anaphase errors cause aneuploidy such as trisomy 21? provenance
- Which entry fits nondisjunction? action
Cancer
Cancer.
Cancer
Cancer.
- How do anaphase bridges and lagging chromosomes relate to cancer? provenance
- Which entry fits chromosomal instability? action
Context Methods and history.
Context.
Methods
Methods.
Methods
Methods.
- How is anaphase observed and measured by microscopy? provenance
- Which entry fits live cell imaging? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How did Flemming and later researchers describe anaphase? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of cytology? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should meiotic anaphase I and II be separate primary entries?
- How should cell biology sources be linked?
- How should the registry record anaphase A and B?