homology
Let an agent explain homology and its kinds, relay definitions, detection and significance from evolutionary biology and genomics sources, describe the subtypes the registry aliases name, and distinguish homology from analogy, from similarity in general and from the mathematical sense of homology.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain homology and its kinds, relay definitions, detection and significance from evolutionary biology and genomics sources, describe the subtypes the registry aliases name, and distinguish homology from analogy, from similarity in general and from the mathematical sense of homology.
Similarity due to shared ancestry, in biology the correspondence of structures, genes or sequences inherited from a common ancestor, including sequence homology with its subtypes orthology, paralogy and xenology, homoeology between subgenomes of polyploids, serial homology between repeated parts of one organism and sexual homology between corresponding male and female structures; homology is distinguished from analogy and is central to evolutionary biology and genomics.
What it is for: Not applicable; a biological relation.
It can be explain the concept and kinds; relay detection and significance; describe subtypes; distinguish related concepts.
Distinguishing features
Shared ancestry
Morphological and molecular
Subtypes by mechanism
Not a matter of degree
What it looks like
Not a visible object; a relation of shared ancestry.
Physical character
term introduced: 1843 year - Richard Owen
homologous structures example: vertebrate forelimbs note
orthology inference: via phylogenetic and graph methods note
How it is recognised
Similarity from common ancestry
Sequence homology, orthology, xenology, homoeology, serial homology, sexual homology
Analogy is similarity by convergence; similarity alone implies no ancestry; mathematical homology is algebraic topology
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is contrasted with - similarity by convergence
was defined by - in 1843
In practice
Families and kinds
morphological homology such as vertebrate forelimbs
sequence homology of genes and proteins
orthology, paralogy and xenology
homoeology in polyploid genomes
serial homology between repeated parts
sexual homology between male and female structures
Standards and regulation
No regulation; database standards for orthology annotation
Failure modes and hazards
Saying percent homology instead of percent identity
Confusing homology with analogy
Registry aliases mixing molecular and morphological subtypes
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What homology is.
Science.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is homology, and how does it differ from analogy, similarity and the mathematical sense? definition
- Is the question about biology, a subtype, genomics or mathematics? boundary
Kinds
Kinds.
Kinds
Kinds.
- What are sequence homology, orthology, paralogy, xenology, homoeology, serial homology and sexual homology? definition
- Which entry fits the specific kind? action
Science Detection and use.
Science.
Detection
Detection.
Detection
Detection.
- How are homologous genes and structures identified by comparison and phylogenetics? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Significance
Significance.
Significance
Significance.
- Why is homology central to evolutionary biology, development and genome annotation? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Debates Concepts and debates.
Attribution.
Concept
Concept debates.
Concept
Concept.
- How do biologists debate the definition of homology and deep homology, with positions attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation attributed? boundary
Misuse
Common misuse.
Misuse
Misuse.
- Why is homology not a matter of degree, and how should sequence identity be reported? provenance
- Which entry fits sequence alignment? action
Context History and other senses.
Context.
History
History.
History
History.
- How did the concept develop from Owen through Darwin to molecular biology? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of evolutionary biology? action
Mathematics
Mathematical homology.
Mathematics
Mathematics.
- What is homology in algebraic topology, and where is it covered? provenance
- Which entry fits homology (mathematics)? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should orthology and serial homology be separate primary entries?
- How should evolutionary biology sources be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming subtypes; should they be split off?