{ "model": { "rank": 2957, "code": "thing-q2270", "model_id": "vr.tr.benzene", "name": "benzene", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise benzene, assess the identity and condition of a particular quantity, and determine which handling, use or disposition actions are supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q2270/", "tier": 2, "score": 93, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Benzene-13C", "(¹³C₆)Benzene", "Benzene-14C" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 93, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q2270", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:54:22Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0397506, "turns": 2, "seconds": 142.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c23-dc85-72a2-beb2-44177e9c9a2e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: benzene\nRegistry id: vr.tr.benzene\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy m" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q2270", "registryId": "vr.tr.benzene", "name": "benzene", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2270/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.benzene", "name": "benzene", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise benzene, assess the identity and condition of a particular quantity, and determine which handling, use or disposition actions are supported by evidence.", "definition": "A planar C6H6 arene whose six equivalent carbons each contribute one 2p electron to a fully delocalized π sextet; it is the parent aromatic hydrocarbon, recovered from petroleum reforming and coal carbonization and handled as a restricted industrial intermediate rather than a general-purpose solvent.", "scope_statement": "This model owns benzene as the chemical substance C6H6 and the identity, composition, physical state, containment and action constraints of quantities represented as benzene; mixtures containing benzene are linked to their own material models.", "in_scope": [ "Benzene identity and evidence distinguishing it from similarly named substances and other hydrocarbons", "Purity, impurities and confidence that a particular quantity qualifies as benzene", "Physical state and measured properties under recorded conditions", "Containment, vapour release and contamination status of a benzene quantity", "Evidence supporting or restricting use, transfer, storage and disposition" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete composition and performance models for gasoline, petroleum benzine and other benzene-containing mixtures", "Separate chemical models for toluene, cyclohexane and substituted benzene compounds", "Plant design and operating models for benzene production or consumption", "Clinical diagnosis and treatment of exposed people", "Facility-wide ventilation, fire protection and environmental remediation systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence of the unsubstituted six-carbon aromatic ring with molecular formula C6H6; the formula alone does not establish benzene identity.", "Distinguish benzene from petroleum benzine by checking the chemical identity and composition record rather than treating similar names as synonyms.", "Distinguish benzene from toluene and other substituted aromatics using analytical evidence capable of resolving those compounds.", "Distinguish benzene from cyclohexane using molecular or analytical identity evidence; a six-membered carbon ring alone is insufficient.", "Distinguish a quantity represented as benzene from a mixture containing benzene by recording its composition, reporting basis and applicable material specification." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Benzene; molecular formula C6H6; structural identity and referenced identifiers", "why_it_matters": "Prevents similar names, formulas or ring structures from being accepted as proof of identity." }, { "name": "Identity evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Label-only | document-supported | analytically supported | conflicting | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines how confidently an agent may apply benzene-specific decisions to the quantity." }, { "name": "Benzene content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction, mole fraction or another explicitly stated basis, with method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Separates identity claims from measured composition and supports acceptance against a named specification." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named impurities and concentrations, with units, detection limits and sampling date", "why_it_matters": "Water, other hydrocarbons and process contaminants may change suitability or invalidate a purity claim." }, { "name": "Physical phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Solid | liquid | vapour | multiple phases | unknown, at recorded temperature and pressure", "why_it_matters": "A benzene quantity cannot be assessed from an assumed liquid state alone." }, { "name": "Material temperature", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C or K, with measurement location and time", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of phase, volatility and the validity of property measurements." }, { "name": "Containment pressure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kPa, explicitly absolute or gauge, with measurement location and time", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for phase behaviour and containment decisions." }, { "name": "Quantity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg or mol; volume permitted with temperature and conversion basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports inventory, transfer reconciliation and assessment of the scale of a release." }, { "name": "Containment and release status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Closed and verified | opened under controls | suspected leak | confirmed release | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a controlled inventory item from a quantity requiring a release response." }, { "name": "Associated airborne benzene measurement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to an air sample or monitor record including concentration, units, location, time and averaging period", "why_it_matters": "Connects the material to relevant exposure evidence without treating ambient concentration as an intrinsic substance property." }, { "name": "Intended-use specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Referenced specification and version, with acceptance status", "why_it_matters": "A benzene grade suitable for one use may not satisfy another use's analytical or process requirements." }, { "name": "Applicable hazard and control basis", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Referenced safety data, local assessment and applicable requirements with dates and jurisdiction", "why_it_matters": "Makes decisions about benzene's health and fire hazards traceable to the requirements actually governing the action." } ], "affordances": [ "Reconcile labels, supplier documents and analytical results to establish or challenge benzene identity.", "Assess a benzene quantity against a named purity or intended-use specification.", "Request further sampling or analysis when identity, contamination or composition evidence is insufficient.", "Evaluate a proposed transfer, storage or use against documented containment, compatibility and exposure controls.", "Flag a suspected release or exposure concern and route it to the applicable response procedure.", "Assign an evidence-supported disposition such as accepted use, quarantine, return or waste management." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "pubchem-cid-241", "title": "Benzene, Compound Summary for CID 241", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzene", "what_it_supports": "Molecular identity (C6H6), CAS 71-43-2, PubChem CID 241, InChI/InChIKey/SMILES, EC 200-753-7, UN 1114, UNII, ICSC, DSSTox and related registry numbers, and the description as a clear, highly flammable aromatic liquid found in crude oil and refining streams.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "chebi-16716", "title": "CHEBI:16716 - benzene", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:16716", "what_it_supports": "Specialist definition as a six-carbon aromatic annulene with a delocalized π system; ChEBI, KEGG and HMDB identifiers; average mass; and the industrial-solvent / carcinogen framing.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "osha-1910-1028", "title": "29 CFR 1910.1028 - Benzene", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1028", "what_it_supports": "US occupational scope (CAS 71-43-2), 8-hour PEL of 1 ppm and 15-minute STEL of 5 ppm, regulated-area definition, and the gasoline-dispensing exception.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "osha-1910-1028-app-b", "title": "29 CFR 1910.1028 Appendix B - Substance Technical Guidelines, Benzene", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1028AppB", "what_it_supports": "Synonyms, Class IB flammable-liquid classification, 3,250 ppm fire/explosion threshold, Class I Group D electrical classification, and high-exposure transfer operations.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "acs-benzene-cancer", "title": "Benzene and Cancer Risk", "url": "https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/benzene.html", "what_it_supports": "IARC Group 1 (AML) and NTP known-human-carcinogen classifications; EPA gasoline benzene cap (0.62% vol annual average, 1.3% max); drinking-water and bottled-water limits of 5 ppb.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "hsdb-35", "title": "Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): 35 - Benzene", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/35", "what_it_supports": "Downstream use split (ethylbenzene/styrene, cumene/phenol, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene/aniline, detergent alkylate); industrial vs nitration vs thiophene-free grades; and historic benzol-90 composition.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "astm-d2359-24", "title": "ASTM D2359-24 Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535", "url": "https://store.accuristech.com/standards/astm-d2359-24?product_id=2921314", "what_it_supports": "The named commercial grade refined benzene-535 and the existence of an ASTM purchase specification for high-purity benzene.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "engtoolbox-benzene", "title": "Benzene - Thermophysical Properties", "url": "https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/benzene-benzol-properties-d_2053.html", "what_it_supports": "Melting and boiling points, liquid density, flash and autoignition temperatures, water solubility, vapor density relative to air, log Kow, and critical constants.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "benzene-identity-and-material-boundary", "name": "Benzene identity and material boundary", "description": "Establishes whether the represented material is benzene and where this model's ownership ends.", "rationale": "Confusing benzene with benzine, another ring compound or a benzene-containing mixture would attach the wrong material identity to subsequent decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-and-naming-identity", "name": "Molecular and naming identity", "description": "Connects the benzene name to a supported chemical identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence-and-conflicts", "name": "Identity evidence and conflicts", "description": "Records what supports the unsubstituted aromatic C6H6 identity and whether labels, documents or analyses disagree.", "questions": [ { "text": "What structural identity distinguishes this material from cyclohexane, substituted aromatics and other substances sharing a formula or similar name?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-and-conflicts-q01" }, { "text": "Which label, supplier record or analytical result supports benzene identity, and are any of those records in conflict?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-and-conflicts-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-versus-mixture", "name": "Substance versus mixture", "description": "Determines whether the quantity is represented as benzene or belongs to a neighbouring mixture model.", "findings": [ { "id": "benzene-content-and-representation", "name": "Benzene content and representation", "description": "Records the composition evidence and classification basis without inventing a universal purity threshold.", "questions": [ { "text": "What benzene content was measured or declared, on what basis and with what uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "benzene-content-and-representation-q01" }, { "text": "Under the applicable material specification, is this quantity benzene with impurities or a mixture that should link to benzene as a constituent?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "benzene-content-and-representation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "benzene-grade-and-condition", "name": "Benzene grade and condition", "description": "Describes composition and physical condition relevant to the actual quantity and intended use.", "rationale": "The benzene identity alone does not establish purity, current phase or fitness for a particular analytical or industrial use.", "layers": [ { "id": "purity-and-contamination", "name": "Purity and contamination", "description": "Assesses declared grade against measured impurities and the quantity's history.", "findings": [ { "id": "grade-support-and-impurity-gaps", "name": "Grade support and impurity gaps", "description": "Captures evidence for the claimed grade, including water, other hydrocarbons and contaminants relevant to the intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which impurities were measured, with what concentrations and detection limits, and which relevant impurities were not assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "grade-support-and-impurity-gaps-q01" }, { "text": "Does the certificate or sample represent this quantity after its latest transfer, opening or potential contamination event?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "grade-support-and-impurity-gaps-q02" }, { "text": "Does the available composition evidence support the intended-use specification, or is further analysis required?", "kind": "action", "id": "grade-support-and-impurity-gaps-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "phase-and-thermal-condition", "name": "Phase and thermal condition", "description": "Records observed phase and the conditions needed to interpret it.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-phase-and-property-consistency", "name": "Observed phase and property consistency", "description": "Assesses whether phase and measured physical properties are consistent with the claimed benzene composition under recorded conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What phase or phases are present at the measured material temperature and pressure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-phase-and-property-consistency-q01" }, { "text": "Are observed phase behaviour or physical properties inconsistent with the claimed composition, and what uncertainty prevents interpreting the discrepancy?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-phase-and-property-consistency-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "benzene-containment-and-release", "name": "Benzene containment and release", "description": "Connects the benzene quantity to its containment and evidence of movement into surrounding air or other media.", "rationale": "Benzene assessment must account for vapour and loss of containment as well as the material remaining in its vessel.", "layers": [ { "id": "vessel-and-transfer-interface", "name": "Vessel and transfer interface", "description": "Records the containment interfaces relevant to a proposed benzene operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-fitness-for-benzene", "name": "Containment fitness for benzene", "description": "Links vessel, closure, seal and transfer-path evidence to the conditions of the proposed operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes compatibility of benzene with the wetted materials and closures at the proposed temperature and duration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "containment-fitness-for-benzene-q01" }, { "text": "Do the documented containment and transfer controls support the proposed operation, or does an unresolved condition require holding it?", "kind": "action", "id": "containment-fitness-for-benzene-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vapour-and-material-loss", "name": "Vapour and material loss", "description": "Tracks evidence of benzene outside its intended containment without assuming the source of every detection.", "findings": [ { "id": "release-evidence-and-source-attribution", "name": "Release evidence and source attribution", "description": "Records leaks, inventory discrepancies and environmental detections with their uncertainty and attribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What direct observations, inventory changes or benzene measurements indicate a release, and when and where were they obtained?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "release-evidence-and-source-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence links the detected benzene to this quantity rather than another source, and where does the environmental or incident model take ownership?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "release-evidence-and-source-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "benzene-action-constraints-and-disposition", "name": "Benzene action constraints and disposition", "description": "Determines which proposed actions are supported by the applicable hazard, exposure and material-quality evidence.", "rationale": "A decision about benzene requires both material fitness and documented controls addressing its health and fire hazards.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-and-exposure-decision-basis", "name": "Hazard and exposure decision basis", "description": "Connects benzene-specific hazards to the controls and measurements governing the proposed activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-controls-and-evidence", "name": "Applicable controls and evidence", "description": "Records the authoritative basis for health, ignition and exposure constraints while keeping personal medical assessment outside this model.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety data and applicable requirements establish the controls for benzene's carcinogenicity, other health hazards and flammability in this activity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-controls-and-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What task-relevant exposure measurements are available, including sampling location, duration, units and method limitations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "applicable-controls-and-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Does the documented control assessment support this proposed activity, and which missing evidence or failed condition requires escalation?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicable-controls-and-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-acceptance-and-disposition", "name": "Use acceptance and disposition", "description": "Assigns a supported next step to the actual benzene quantity.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-next-action", "name": "Supported next action", "description": "Connects identity confidence, grade, contamination and control status to an accountable disposition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do identity, composition and condition evidence satisfy the named requirements for the intended use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-next-action-q01" }, { "text": "Should this quantity be accepted, held for analysis, quarantined, returned or routed to waste management, and what evidence and authority support that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-next-action-q02" }, { "text": "Which change in composition, containment, intended use or governing requirements would require the decision to be reviewed?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-next-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "petroleum-derived benzene", "coal-tar / coke-oven benzene", "industrial-grade benzene", "nitration-grade benzene", "thiophene-free / reagent-grade benzene", "ASTM refined benzene-535", "crude benzol (mixed BTX distillate)", "gasoline-contained benzene (blendstock component, not a product grade)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "71-43-2", "note": "Primary substance identifier used by OSHA, ECHA and most inventories; several deprecated CAS numbers exist for the same compound." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "241", "note": "NCBI compound record for C6H6." }, { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:16716", "note": "Ontology class for the parent arene; secondary IDs include CHEBI:3025, CHEBI:13876, CHEBI:22703, CHEBI:41187." }, { "scheme": "EC / EINECS", "value_or_pattern": "200-753-7", "note": "European Community inventory number." }, { "scheme": "InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N", "note": "Standard hashed InChI for unsubstituted benzene." }, { "scheme": "UN number", "value_or_pattern": "UN 1114", "note": "Dangerous-goods identifier for liquid benzene." }, { "scheme": "FDA UNII", "value_or_pattern": "J64922108F", "note": "FDA Substance Registration System." }, { "scheme": "EPA DSSTox", "value_or_pattern": "DTXSID3039242", "note": "CompTox substance identifier." }, { "scheme": "ICSC", "value_or_pattern": "0015", "note": "ILO International Chemical Safety Card number." }, { "scheme": "KEGG COMPOUND", "value_or_pattern": "C01407", "note": "Pathway/metabolite identifier." }, { "scheme": "HMDB", "value_or_pattern": "HMDB0001505", "note": "Human Metabolome Database." }, { "scheme": "molecular formula", "value_or_pattern": "C6H6", "note": "IUPAC name is simply benzene." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1028 (US Department of Labor): occupational benzene standard; 1 ppm 8-hour TWA PEL and 5 ppm 15-minute STEL, with a partial exemption for gasoline after wholesale storage.", "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 / 1910.309 (US Department of Labor): Class IB flammable liquid; locations with ignitable benzene vapor treated as Class I Group D.", "US EPA mobile-source gasoline benzene limits (as reported by the American Cancer Society): 0.62% by volume annual average, 1.3% maximum.", "US EPA Safe Drinking Water Act MCL 5 ppb (µg/L) for benzene in drinking water; FDA matching 5 ppb limit in bottled water.", "IARC (WHO): Group 1, carcinogenic to humans, on sufficient evidence for acute myeloid leukemia.", "US NTP Report on Carcinogens: known to be a human carcinogen.", "ASTM International D2359: Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535 (current edition D2359-24).", "UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: UN 1114, Class 3 flammable liquid." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Almost all commercial benzene is a petrochemical building block, not a sold-through solvent: historically about half goes to ethylbenzene/styrene, about a fifth to cumene/phenol, and about a tenth to cyclohexane for nylon intermediates, with smaller cuts to nitrobenzene/aniline, detergent alkylate and chlorobenzenes.", "It is present in crude oil and is produced as a by-product of catalytic reforming and of coal carbonization; coke-oven benzole remains a distinct supply stream.", "Finished motor gasoline still carries residual benzene under a volume cap; indoor retail dispensing for more than four hours per day is an OSHA-covered exposure.", "Laboratory and ASTM reagent grades (including thiophene-free material) are used where sulfur poisons catalysts or where a defined freezing point is required.", "Highest workplace concentrations occur in primary production and in liquid transfer between tanks and containers." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "molar mass", "typical_range": "78.11-78.12", "unit": "g·mol⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "melting / solidification point", "typical_range": "5.35 (ASTM 535 minimum, anhydrous) to ~5.6", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "normal boiling point", "typical_range": "80.1", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "liquid density near 20-25 °C", "typical_range": "0.874-0.879", "unit": "g·cm⁻³" }, { "quantity": "flash point (closed-cup class)", "typical_range": "−11", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "autoignition temperature", "typical_range": "498", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "water solubility at 25 °C", "typical_range": "~1.8", "unit": "g·L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "vapor density relative to air", "typical_range": "~2.8", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "occupational air concentration (OSHA PEL / STEL)", "typical_range": "1 (8 h TWA) / 5 (15 min)", "unit": "ppm" }, { "quantity": "drinking-water MCL (US EPA / FDA)", "typical_range": "5", "unit": "µg·L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "gasoline benzene content (US EPA annual average / cap)", "typical_range": "0.62 / 1.3", "unit": "% by volume" }, { "quantity": "refined benzene-535 purity (purchase spec)", "typical_range": "≥99.8", "unit": "wt %" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Highly flammable Class IB liquid whose vapor is heavier than air; OSHA treats airborne concentrations above 3,250 ppm as a fire/explosion hazard and requires bonding, grounding and non-sparking tools on transfer.", "Chronic inhalation causes bone-marrow toxicity and is causally linked to acute myeloid leukemia (IARC Group 1; NTP known human carcinogen).", "Acute high exposure depresses the central nervous system; liquid transfer and poorly ventilated indoor fuel dispensing are the typical high-dose settings.", "Slight water solubility plus density below 1 means spilled product floats and still partitions into groundwater at concentrations above the 5 µg/L drinking-water MCL.", "Thiophene and other organic sulfur in coal-derived grades foul hydrogenation and alkylation catalysts, which is why nitration-grade and thiophene-free cuts are specified.", "Historic use as a general solvent is a legacy exposure pathway; current law treats that use as a controlled carcinogen, not a commodity cleaner." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In several European languages benzine/benzin names light petroleum spirit, not C6H6; the arene is benzène (French), Benzeen (Dutch), Benzen (Polish) or historically Benzol (German), which is why English 'benzine' is treated as an obsolete and misleading synonym.", "US OSHA still permits 1 ppm as an 8-hour PEL, while ACGIH lists a tighter 0.5 ppm TLV for the same air contaminant.", "Some US states set drinking-water limits below the federal 5 µg/L MCL.", "Post-Soviet product standards split petroleum benzene (GOST 9572) from coal/shale benzene (GOST 8448) and grade them as highly purified, for synthesis, or for nitration, a source-based taxonomy still used in that trade even though ASTM D2359 is the usual Western purchase spec.", "Gasoline benzene is a regulated residual in the US at 0.62% vol annual average; the occupational standard then largely steps aside once fuel has left wholesale storage, which is not how pure-benzene plants are regulated." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "toluene", "difference": "C7H8 with a methyl substituent; boiling point ~111 °C versus ~80 °C, and ¹H NMR shows a methyl singlet near 2.3 ppm that benzene lacks." }, { "name": "cyclohexane", "difference": "Saturated C6H12 analogue with nearly the same boiling point (~81 °C) but density ~0.78 g·cm⁻³ versus ~0.88, aliphatic rather than aromatic ¹H NMR, and no electrophilic aromatic substitution." }, { "name": "benzine / petroleum ether", "difference": "A boiling-range mixture of aliphatic naphtha, not a single C6H6 compound; identity is a distillation cut, not CAS 71-43-2." }, { "name": "crude benzol / benzol 90", "difference": "A BTX-rich coke-oven distillate (classically ~80-85% benzene with toluene and xylene), not refined benzene-535." }, { "name": "thiophene", "difference": "The sulfur heterocycle that rides with coal-tar benzene; it is quantified by ASTM D1685/D4735/D7011 because it is the impurity that defines thiophene-free grade." }, { "name": "ethylbenzene and the xylenes", "difference": "BTX co-products from reforming; they separate from benzene by GC retention or by boiling point (all well above 80 °C) rather than by the C6 aromatic ring test itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of benzene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own benzene or provide a chemical-substance model that this registry entry must reference?", "Which authoritative identity references and analytical methods should establish benzene identity for the intended applications, and what are their limitations?", "Which grade specifications and impurity limits govern the intended uses, including the boundary between benzene with impurities and a benzene-containing mixture?", "Which validated property and compatibility references cover the temperatures, pressures and containment materials expected in deployment?", "Which jurisdictions and operational contexts must be supported for exposure, storage, transport and waste decisions, and how will those requirements be kept current?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a benzene, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise benzene, assess the identity and condition of a particular quantity, and determine which handling, use or disposition actions are supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Benzene-13C, (¹³C₆)Benzene, Benzene-14C.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a benzene, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Benzene-13C", "(¹³C₆)Benzene", "Benzene-14C" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one benzene from another, and a benzene from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a benzene sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a benzene from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a benzene is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a benzene is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a benzene is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a benzene is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a benzene is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a benzene is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a benzene passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a benzene between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a benzene, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a benzene is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a benzene and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a benzene is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a benzene performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a benzene.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a benzene at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a benzene there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What benzene is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name benzene unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of benzene exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How benzene behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of benzene, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is benzene incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How benzene can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is benzene classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover benzene, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a benzene came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a benzene and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a benzene is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a benzene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a benzene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a benzene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }