{ "model": { "rank": 6512, "code": "thing-q22721", "model_id": "vr.tr.regierungsbezirk", "name": "Regierungsbezirk", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Regierungsbezirk as an administrative level, relay which states use it and how it works from administrative sources, describe its history from Prussia to reforms, and distinguish it from Landkreis, Bundesland and statistical regions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q22721/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "directorate district of Saxony", "government region of Prussia", "government region of Baden-Württemberg", "government region of Lower Saxony", "former government district", "government region of North Rhine-Westphalia" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q22721", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22721", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:55:41Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q22721", "registryId": "vr.tr.regierungsbezirk", "name": "Regierungsbezirk", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q22721/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.regierungsbezirk", "name": "Regierungsbezirk", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Regierungsbezirk as an administrative level, relay which states use it and how it works from administrative sources, describe its history from Prussia to reforms, and distinguish it from Landkreis, Bundesland and statistical regions.", "definition": "An administrative division in several German states, a government region between the state and the districts, headed by a Regierungsprasident and responsible for supervising local authorities and implementing state policy, used today in Bavaria, Baden-Wurttemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, formerly in Prussia and later in Lower Saxony, Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt where they were abolished or replaced by directorates; many correspond to NUTS 2 statistical regions.", "what_it_is_for": "Mid-level state administration in Germany.", "affordances": [ "explain the level", "relay current use by state", "describe history and reforms", "distinguish related divisions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Intermediate administrative level", "Headed by Regierungsprasident", "Prussian origin", "Abolished in some states" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; an administrative region on maps.", "visual_identification": [ "German government region between state and districts", "Government regions of Bavaria, Baden-Wurttemberg, Hesse and NRW; former regions of Prussia, Lower Saxony and Saxony directorate districts", "A Landkreis is a district below it; a Bundesland is the state; NUTS 2 is a statistical overlay" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "current Regierungsbezirke", "typical_range": "19", "unit": "count", "note": "in four states" }, { "quantity": "states using them", "typical_range": "Bavaria, Baden-Wurttemberg, Hesse, NRW", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "origin", "typical_range": "1815", "unit": "year", "note": "Prussian reforms" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "government regions of Bavaria", "government regions of Baden-Wurttemberg", "government regions of Hesse", "government regions of North Rhine-Westphalia", "former government regions of Prussia, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt", "directorate districts of Saxony as successors" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "political territorial entity", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "government organization", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "lies between", "target": "states of Germany", "why": "and districts" }, { "relation": "often corresponds to", "target": "NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity", "why": "in EU statistics" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "State administrative organisation laws", "EU NUTS regulation for statistical regions" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Stale information after abolitions", "Confusing government regions with districts", "Assuming all states have them" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a Regierungsbezirk is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and role.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a Regierungsbezirk, and what does the Regierungsprasidium do?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a government region, a district, a state or a NUTS region?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "states", "name": "States", "description": "Current use.", "findings": [ { "id": "states-finding", "name": "States", "description": "States.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which states use Regierungsbezirke today, and how many does each have?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific region?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "prussia", "name": "Prussia", "description": "Prussian origins.", "findings": [ { "id": "prussia-finding", "name": "Prussia", "description": "Prussia.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Prussia create government regions in 1815, and how did they spread?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reforms", "name": "Reforms", "description": "Reforms and abolitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "reforms-finding", "name": "Reforms", "description": "Reforms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why did Lower Saxony, Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt abolish or replace them, with arguments attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Practical use.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "services", "name": "Services", "description": "Services.", "findings": [ { "id": "services-finding", "name": "Services", "description": "Services.", "questions": [ { "text": "What services and approvals do citizens and businesses obtain from a Regierungsprasidium?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific authority?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "statistics", "name": "Statistics", "description": "Statistics.", "findings": [ { "id": "statistics-finding", "name": "Statistics", "description": "Statistics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do government regions map to NUTS 2 regions in EU statistics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits NUTS statistical regions of Germany?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Comparison.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "comparison", "name": "Comparison", "description": "Other countries.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparison-finding", "name": "Comparison", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "What equivalents exist in Austria, France and other countries?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits administrative division?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "debate", "name": "Debate", "description": "Debate.", "findings": [ { "id": "debate-finding", "name": "Debate", "description": "Debate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What debates exist about keeping or abolishing the intermediate level, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the current regions be linked individually?", "How should administrative sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming state-specific and former types; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Regierungsbezirk, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Regierungsbezirk as an administrative level, relay which states use it and how it works from administrative sources, describe its history from Prussia to reforms, and distinguish it from Landkreis, Bundesland and statistical regions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: directorate district of Saxony, government region of Prussia, government region of Baden-Württemberg, government region of Lower Saxony, former government district, government region of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Regierungsbezirk, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "directorate district of Saxony", "government region of Prussia", "government region of Baden-Württemberg", "government region of Lower Saxony", "former government district", "government region of North Rhine-Westphalia" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Regierungsbezirk from another, and a Regierungsbezirk from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Regierungsbezirk sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Regierungsbezirk from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Regierungsbezirk passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Regierungsbezirk between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Regierungsbezirk, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Regierungsbezirk is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Regierungsbezirk.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Regierungsbezirk and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Regierungsbezirk, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Regierungsbezirk and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Regierungsbezirk sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What Regierungsbezirk is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does Regierungsbezirk take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of Regierungsbezirk, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in Regierungsbezirk and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of Regierungsbezirk may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does Regierungsbezirk have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Regierungsbezirk came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Regierungsbezirk and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Regierungsbezirk is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Regierungsbezirk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Regierungsbezirk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Regierungsbezirk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }