{ "model": { "rank": 2236, "code": "thing-q227997", "model_id": "vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta", "name": "Colocasia esculenta", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Colocasia esculenta, assess a plant or planting lot, and judge suitable cultivation, propagation, harvest or food-use actions from recorded evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q227997/", "tier": 2, "score": 111, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Ajima imo" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 111, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q227997", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227997", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:37:35Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba7-a5bf-7ae3-97cc-b16b75e3ea73\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Colocasia esculenta\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 3 things:\n# Batch 002: 100", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba7-a55b-70a2-b230-bf056cf86f7c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Colocasia esculenta\nRegistry id: vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q227997", "registryId": "vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta", "name": "Colocasia esculenta", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q227997/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta", "name": "Colocasia esculenta", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Colocasia esculenta, assess a plant or planting lot, and judge suitable cultivation, propagation, harvest or food-use actions from recorded evidence.", "definition": "Colocasia esculenta, commonly called taro, is a herbaceous perennial species in the arum family Araceae, cultivated primarily for its starchy underground corms and cormels and, in some food traditions, its leaves and petioles.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the organism-level identity, morphology, development, cultivation requirements and use-relevant condition of Colocasia esculenta, commonly called taro, under registry entry vr.tr.colocasia-esculenta; PHY / PHY.MAT is retained as registry placement without treating the organism as a chemical substance.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification and distinction from other plants called taro or elephant ear", "Cultivar or accession identity and planting-material provenance", "Leaves, petioles, corms, cormels, roots and reproductive structures", "Development, propagation, growing conditions and plant health", "Harvest readiness and organ-specific suitability for intended use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Processed taro foods, recipes and finished-product specifications", "Farm operations, irrigation infrastructure and land ownership", "Other Colocasia species and superficially similar Alocasia or Xanthosoma plants", "Pathogens and pests as independently modelled organisms", "Isolated calcium oxalate and other chemical constituents as substances" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect the attachment of the petiole to the underside of the leaf blade: peltate attachment supports identification, but must be combined with other characters.", "Use leaf shape, venation, petiole attachment and underground organs together in a botanical key to distinguish Colocasia esculenta from Alocasia and Xanthosoma lookalikes.", "Record the central corm and associated cormels or stolons; do not infer species or cultivar from a marketed underground organ alone.", "Require species-level evidence beyond the common names taro and elephant ear, which do not uniquely identify this registry entry.", "Treat ornamental colour and leaf posture as supporting observations rather than decisive species tests." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Colocasia esculenta confirmed | provisional | unresolved | other taxon", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether this model applies and prevents common-name substitutions." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to named cultivar, accession, supplier or parent planting lot; unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "Supports traceability where appearance, growth habit and intended use differ." }, { "name": "Petiole attachment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Peltate | attached at basal margin or sinus | unclear", "why_it_matters": "Provides an observable identification character for comparison with lookalikes." }, { "name": "Underground organ architecture", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed central corm, cormels and stolons, with presence and relative development recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Informs propagation choices and the expected harvest component." }, { "name": "Corm dimensions and mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length and maximum diameter in mm; fresh mass in g; organ and sampling date required", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of development and harvest outcomes without assuming a universal size threshold." }, { "name": "Developmental condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Establishing | vegetative growth | underground organ enlargement | flowering | senescing | dormant or quiescent | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Makes planting, propagation and harvest decisions conditional on observed development." }, { "name": "Root-zone water regime", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Drained moist soil | intermittently saturated | continuously flooded | water-deficient; observation period required", "why_it_matters": "Allows growing conditions to be assessed against evidence for the particular accession and production system." }, { "name": "Root-zone temperature", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Degrees Celsius, with depth, timestamp and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret establishment, growth interruption and possible cold stress." }, { "name": "Plant health observations", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Leaf lesions, yellowing, wilting, feeding damage and corm decay recorded by organ, extent and date", "why_it_matters": "Separates observed symptoms from an unconfirmed pest or disease diagnosis." }, { "name": "Organ and intended use", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Corm | cormel | leaf | petiole | whole plant; food | planting material | ornamental | research", "why_it_matters": "Prevents suitability for one organ or use from being transferred automatically to another." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare a specimen with a botanical identification key and retain the evidence supporting its identification.", "Select traceable planting material and record the organ used for vegetative propagation.", "Assess a proposed growing site against accession-specific water and temperature evidence.", "Monitor leaf condition and underground organ development to support investigation and harvest decisions.", "Separate food-use candidates, propagation material and damaged organs according to documented criteria.", "Route a proposed food use to organ-specific preparation guidance while preserving uncertainty about identity and suitability." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taro-identity-and-provenance", "name": "Taro identity and provenance", "description": "Establish whether the subject belongs to Colocasia esculenta and what is known about its cultivated lineage.", "rationale": "Common names and ornamental appearance can conceal taxonomic ambiguity, while cultivar claims require their own evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-recognition", "name": "Species recognition", "description": "Connect an identification to observable botanical characters.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic character evidence", "description": "Record petiole attachment, leaf venation and underground structures together with the identification reference used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed characters and botanical key support identification as Colocasia esculenta?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-character-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which Alocasia, Xanthosoma or other Colocasia alternatives were considered, and what evidence distinguishes them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-character-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-lineage", "name": "Cultivated lineage", "description": "Preserve accession identity without equating local names with verified cultivars.", "findings": [ { "id": "accession-and-name-traceability", "name": "Accession and name traceability", "description": "Keep the supplier's name, local crop name, cultivar attribution and parent-lot relationship distinguishable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where did this plant or planting lot originate, and what accession or cultivar documentation accompanied it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accession-and-name-traceability-q01" }, { "text": "Does the recorded local name denote a verified cultivar, a crop-use group or simply taro in general?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accession-and-name-traceability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taro-organs-and-development", "name": "Taro organs and development", "description": "Represent the leaf canopy and underground organs as changing parts of the plant.", "rationale": "Identification, propagation and harvest depend on which organs are present and how they are developing.", "layers": [ { "id": "leaf-and-corm-architecture", "name": "Leaf and corm architecture", "description": "Describe organ arrangement and distinguish the main corm from associated structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "underground-organ-inventory", "name": "Underground organ inventory", "description": "Record the main corm, cormels, stolons and roots using explicit organ labels and observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which underground structures are present, and how were cormels distinguished from stolons and roots?", "kind": "definition", "id": "underground-organ-inventory-q01" }, { "text": "What are the count, dimensions and fresh mass of the main corm and sampled cormels?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "underground-organ-inventory-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-propagation", "name": "Development and propagation", "description": "Connect developmental observations to the origin and potential reuse of planting material.", "findings": [ { "id": "planting-organ-and-growth-stage", "name": "Planting organ and growth stage", "description": "Record establishment history, current growth evidence and the condition of potential propagation organs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the plant established from a corm, cormel, sucker, tissue-cultured plant or another documented source?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "planting-organ-and-growth-stage-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations support its current developmental stage rather than an estimate based only on age?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "planting-organ-and-growth-stage-q02" }, { "text": "Which organs could supply viable planting material, and what health checks are required before selection?", "kind": "action", "id": "planting-organ-and-growth-stage-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taro-growing-conditions-and-health", "name": "Taro growing conditions and health", "description": "Relate the plant's condition to its water regime, thermal environment and observed damage.", "rationale": "Cultivation decisions must distinguish environmental mismatch from pest or disease injury and account for the production system.", "layers": [ { "id": "water-and-temperature-fit", "name": "Water and temperature fit", "description": "Assess actual root-zone conditions against evidence appropriate to the accession.", "findings": [ { "id": "growing-regime-evidence", "name": "Growing regime evidence", "description": "Record flooding or drainage conditions and temperature exposure without prescribing one regime for every taro accession.", "questions": [ { "text": "What root-zone water regime and temperature range has this planting experienced during the recorded period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growing-regime-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the proposed water regime for this accession and growing site?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "growing-regime-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What observed response would justify changing irrigation, drainage or protection from cold?", "kind": "action", "id": "growing-regime-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "leaf-and-corm-health", "name": "Leaf and corm health", "description": "Track symptoms in the canopy and underground organs while keeping diagnosis separate.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence", "name": "Symptoms and diagnostic confidence", "description": "Document leaf lesions, canopy decline and corm decay with their distribution and supporting diagnostic evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs show lesions, wilting, feeding damage or decay, and what proportion is affected?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "What examination or test distinguishes suspected taro leaf blight or corm rot from environmental injury?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence-q02" }, { "text": "Should affected material be withheld from propagation pending diagnosis?", "kind": "action", "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taro-harvest-and-use-suitability", "name": "Taro harvest and use suitability", "description": "Determine which organs are candidates for harvest and what evidence is needed for their intended use.", "rationale": "A plant's identity alone does not establish harvest readiness or the suitability of a particular organ for food or propagation.", "layers": [ { "id": "organ-specific-harvest", "name": "Organ-specific harvest", "description": "Make readiness criteria explicit for corms, cormels and leaves.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-target-and-readiness", "name": "Harvest target and readiness", "description": "Connect the intended harvested organ to cultivar, developmental evidence and local production objectives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the intended harvest the main corm, cormels, leaves or planting material?", "kind": "definition", "id": "harvest-target-and-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured organ traits and developmental observations support readiness for that use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "harvest-target-and-readiness-q02" }, { "text": "How would the proposed leaf or corm harvest affect continued growth and retained propagation material?", "kind": "action", "id": "harvest-target-and-readiness-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "food-use-evidence", "name": "Food-use evidence", "description": "Link an identified organ to verified suitability and preparation requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "organ-specific-preparation-boundary", "name": "Organ-specific preparation boundary", "description": "Require evidence addressing acridity and calcium-oxalate-associated irritation before assigning food-use suitability; preparation procedures belong to linked food models.", "questions": [ { "text": "What authoritative guidance addresses food use and preparation of this specific organ and cultivated type?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "organ-specific-preparation-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which preparation requirements and acceptance criteria must be checked before this material can be assigned to food use?", "kind": "action", "id": "organ-specific-preparation-boundary-q02" }, { "text": "Where does the harvested-organ record hand off to a preparation process or finished-food model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "organ-specific-preparation-boundary-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is the plant species, despite the supplied material-domain code; properties of taro flour, starch, or cooked food require separate qualification.", "Verify cultivar identity and local terminology before assigning a specimen to dasheen or eddoe groups.", "Native-range boundaries, domestication history, quantitative composition, and preparation requirements need source-based checking; no sources were consulted for this recall response." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dasheen types, cultivated principally for a large central corm", "Eddoe types, cultivated principally for smaller lateral cormels" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants", "value_or_pattern": "Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott", "note": "Species name with botanical author citation; belongs to Araceae. Dasheen and eddoe are agricultural groupings whose formal taxonomic treatment varies." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Corms and cormels prepared as staple carbohydrate foods", "Cooked corms processed into pastes, including Hawaiian poi", "Corms processed into flour and starch", "Leaves and petioles used as vegetables after appropriate preparation", "Cultivated as an ornamental foliage plant" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Raw or inadequately prepared tissues can cause marked irritation because they contain needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals and other contributors to acridity.", "Taro leaf blight, caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, can cause severe crop losses.", "Corm rots can damage planting material and harvested produce.", "Vegetative propagation can perpetuate systemic pathogens in planting material.", "Escaped plants can become invasive in suitable wet habitats outside their native range." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pacific cultivation includes extensive local cultivar diversity and both flooded and rainfed production systems.", "Caribbean and other regional usage distinguishes eddoe and dasheen, but these common names do not consistently map to formal botanical varieties.", "Names such as cocoyam and elephant ear can refer to other aroid species as well as taro, making regional common names unreliable identifiers." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Xanthosoma sagittifolium", "difference": "A separate aroid species also cultivated for edible underground organs; its leaf stalk attaches at the basal notch, whereas taro has peltate leaves with the stalk attached within the blade." }, { "name": "Ipomoea batatas", "difference": "Sweet potato belongs to Convolvulaceae and produces storage roots; taro belongs to Araceae and produces corms, which are modified stems." }, { "name": "Dioscorea species", "difference": "True yams belong to Dioscoreaceae and are generally climbing plants; taro is a nonclimbing aroid." }, { "name": "Taro corm", "difference": "The harvested storage organ is a plant part and food material; Colocasia esculenta names the whole biological species." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Colocasia esculenta this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which botanical reference and diagnostic character set should govern species confirmation where flowers or underground organs are unavailable?", "How should locally named cultivars and corm-dominant versus cormel-dominant crop types be represented without implying unsupported taxonomic ranks?", "Which accession-specific evidence establishes suitable flooding, drainage and temperature conditions for the intended growing region?", "Which validated, organ-specific guidance establishes preparation requirements and food-use acceptance criteria for the cultivated material?", "Which local evidence and rules determine whether planting or disposal could enable unwanted establishment outside cultivation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Colocasia esculenta, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Colocasia esculenta, assess a plant or planting lot, and judge suitable cultivation, propagation, harvest or food-use actions from recorded evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Ajima imo.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 111 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Colocasia esculenta, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Ajima imo" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 111 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Colocasia esculenta from another, and a Colocasia esculenta from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Colocasia esculenta sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Colocasia esculenta from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Colocasia esculenta is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Colocasia esculenta and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Colocasia esculenta is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Colocasia esculenta is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Colocasia esculenta is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Colocasia esculenta moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Colocasia esculenta passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Colocasia esculenta between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Colocasia esculenta, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Colocasia esculenta is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Colocasia esculenta is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Colocasia esculenta, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Colocasia esculenta from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Colocasia esculenta from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Colocasia esculenta does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Colocasia esculenta pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Colocasia esculenta judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Colocasia esculenta lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Colocasia esculenta, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Colocasia esculenta hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Colocasia esculenta came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Colocasia esculenta and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Colocasia esculenta is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Colocasia esculenta, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Colocasia esculenta, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Colocasia esculenta is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }