{ "model": { "rank": 3994, "code": "thing-q230533", "model_id": "vr.tr.decolonization", "name": "decolonization", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize a decolonization claim or process, assess which colonial relations it changes, and identify actions justified by affected peoples' authority and the available evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q230533/", "tier": 2, "score": 79, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cultural decolonization", "decolonization of Rwanda", "decolonisation of Oceania", "decolonisation of Asia", "Indigenous decolonization", "Decolonization of public space" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 79, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.decolonization", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q230533", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230533", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:14:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08797-1584-7e93-b5d2-d737895119bb\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: decolonization\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08797-158a-7250-baed-ecd9bd8c0852\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: decolonization\nRegistry id: vr.tr.decolonization\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q230533", "registryId": "vr.tr.decolonization", "name": "decolonization", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q230533/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.decolonization", "name": "decolonization", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize a decolonization claim or process, assess which colonial relations it changes, and identify actions justified by affected peoples' authority and the available evidence.", "definition": "Decolonization is the process of ending colonial rule and establishing self-determination, understood in its narrower political sense as the termination of colonial sovereignty and, in broader contested senses, as transforming enduring colonial relations in land, institutions, economies and knowledge.", "scope_statement": "This model owns decolonization as a contested concept and situated process of ending or transforming colonial domination, distinguishing territorial self-determination, continuing Indigenous sovereignty claims, and institutional or epistemic uses without assuming they share one completion criterion.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions of decolonization, their proponents, and disagreements over what colonial domination consists of", "The particular colonial relationship, territory, population, and historical period a claim concerns", "Self-determination, transfers of authority, and the legitimacy of those negotiating or implementing change", "Changes to land control, resource extraction, institutional power, and knowledge authority", "Evidence of implementation, continuing dependencies, reversals, and disputed completion" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Comprehensive histories of colonialism or individual empires", "Nationalism and nation-building without a specified relationship to colonial domination", "General diversity, inclusion, or administrative reform without a demonstrated colonial mechanism", "The complete operation of successor states, governments, or international organizations", "General theories of justice, reparations, or cultural revival beyond their role in a particular decolonization process" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A decolonization claim identifies a colonial relationship and explains how the proposed change would terminate or transform it; opposition to inequality alone does not establish this connection.", "Formal independence is assessed separately from control over land, resources, security, and institutions, allowing political status and substantive authority to diverge.", "The model distinguishes authority exercised by affected peoples from reforms selected and controlled solely by the institution accused of reproducing colonial relations.", "Institutional and epistemic uses specify whether they seek redistribution of governing authority, changes to knowledge practices, or symbolic recognition, and record disputes over whether these constitute decolonization.", "Secession, democratization, and decolonization may overlap, but none is treated as sufficient evidence of the others without an account of the colonial relationship." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Meaning invoked", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Territorial-political; Indigenous sovereignty and land; material-economic; institutional-epistemic; combined; disputed", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from evaluating one sense using another sense's success criteria." }, { "name": "Colonial relationship addressed", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named relationships among peoples, governing powers, territories, institutions, and mechanisms of domination, with supporting evidence and counterclaims", "why_it_matters": "Connects the label to a specific condition that can be investigated." }, { "name": "Affected peoples and representative mandate", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified peoples and constituencies; representative bodies; mandate basis, scope, duration, and disputes", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whose choices a proposal purports to enact and whether that authority is contested." }, { "name": "Authority by domain", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "For land, law, security, revenue, education, and knowledge: prior holder, current holder, proposed holder, and retained vetoes", "why_it_matters": "Makes transfers of practical decision power distinguishable from changes in titles or symbols." }, { "name": "Process stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Claim articulated; mobilization; negotiation; agreement; implementation; outcome review; stalled; reversed; disputed, recorded separately by domain", "why_it_matters": "Avoids treating a declaration or agreement as evidence that all relevant changes occurred." }, { "name": "Material implementation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Case-specific measures such as hectares of land transferred, percentage of resource revenue controlled, or number of powers legally and practically transferred, each with baseline and date", "why_it_matters": "Allows concrete commitments to be checked without inventing a universal decolonization score." }, { "name": "Completion judgment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Judging actor, definition used, domain assessed, evidence, date, and outstanding objections", "why_it_matters": "Preserves disagreement over whether formal or substantive decolonization has been achieved." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a decolonization claim by its stated meaning, colonial relationship, and intended transformation.", "Compare competing proposals while preserving differences in who defines the problem and authorizes the response.", "Trace whether agreements transfer enforceable decision power and whether that power is exercised in practice.", "Identify affected constituencies, disputed representation, and missing authorization before recommending an intervention.", "Evaluate implementation against explicit commitments and actor-specific completion criteria.", "Flag unsupported uses of the label, unresolved dependencies, and actions that may reproduce the domination being challenged." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "meanings-and-colonial-diagnosis", "name": "Meanings and colonial diagnosis", "description": "Establish what decolonization means in this case and which colonial relationship it addresses.", "rationale": "The term can name substantially different projects; assessment requires an attributed definition and a specific diagnosis.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions-and-disagreements", "name": "Definitions and disagreements", "description": "Record the meanings used by participants and the disagreements that affect evaluation.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-definition", "name": "Attributed definition", "description": "Record whether participants frame decolonization as political status change, restoration of Indigenous authority, material transformation, epistemic change, or a combination.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does each relevant participant mean by decolonization, and what change would satisfy that definition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "attributed-definition-q01" }, { "text": "Which statements or practices establish these positions, and which participants reject another position as insufficient or inappropriate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-definition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "colonial-mechanisms", "name": "Colonial mechanisms", "description": "Identify the mechanisms and historical boundaries of the domination being challenged.", "findings": [ { "id": "specified-colonial-relationship", "name": "Specified colonial relationship", "description": "Link the proposed transformation to identifiable arrangements such as external rule, dispossession, imposed jurisdiction, extraction, or suppression of knowledge authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which actors exercise which forms of control over which peoples, territories, or institutions, and what evidence supports describing those relations as colonial?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "specified-colonial-relationship-q01" }, { "text": "What distinguishes this diagnosis from a claim about class inequality, authoritarian rule, discrimination, or ordinary institutional exclusion?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "specified-colonial-relationship-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "self-determination-and-authority", "name": "Self-determination and authority", "description": "Examine who can define the desired outcome and authorize decisions made in the name of decolonization.", "rationale": "A transfer can reproduce domination if the people purportedly gaining authority cannot determine its terms.", "layers": [ { "id": "peoples-and-representation", "name": "Peoples and representation", "description": "Identify affected constituencies and the basis on which organizations speak for them.", "findings": [ { "id": "representative-mandate", "name": "Representative mandate", "description": "Record claims to represent colonized or Indigenous peoples, including internal disagreement and overlapping territorial claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which peoples and constituencies claim standing, and how were their representatives selected or recognized?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "representative-mandate-q01" }, { "text": "Whose participation or consent is missing or disputed, including displaced people and communities with overlapping claims?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representative-mandate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "political-outcomes", "name": "Political outcomes", "description": "Specify the political arrangement sought and the decision process through which it is chosen.", "findings": [ { "id": "chosen-status-and-jurisdiction", "name": "Chosen status and jurisdiction", "description": "Distinguish the preferred political outcome from the procedure and conditions that would make the choice meaningful.", "questions": [ { "text": "What arrangement is sought, such as independence, an agreed association, integration, autonomy, or restored Indigenous jurisdiction, and by whom?", "kind": "definition", "id": "chosen-status-and-jurisdiction-q01" }, { "text": "What conditions and decision procedures would allow affected peoples to choose among the relevant alternatives without coercion?", "kind": "action", "id": "chosen-status-and-jurisdiction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "land-and-material-control", "name": "Land and material control", "description": "Track changes to territory, resources, economic arrangements, and the practical means of exercising authority.", "rationale": "Political recognition alone cannot establish whether the material mechanisms identified in the colonial diagnosis have changed.", "layers": [ { "id": "land-and-resource-jurisdiction", "name": "Land and resource jurisdiction", "description": "Examine ownership, access, use, and governing power over land and resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "substantive-land-change", "name": "Substantive land change", "description": "Separate changes in title or recognition from effective authority over occupation, use, extraction, and access.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which land or resource rights are claimed or transferred, to whom, and with what exclusions or retained powers?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "substantive-land-change-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows changes in possession, access, resource decisions, and enforceable jurisdiction relative to the baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "substantive-land-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "economic-and-security-dependencies", "name": "Economic and security dependencies", "description": "Examine whether financial, commercial, or coercive arrangements preserve the control being challenged.", "findings": [ { "id": "retained-external-control", "name": "Retained external control", "description": "Record dependencies and distinguish ordinary interdependence from arrangements argued to continue colonial domination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who controls revenues, major concessions, fiscal choices, and security decisions before and after the proposed transition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "retained-external-control-q01" }, { "text": "Which retained arrangements are claimed to reproduce colonial control, and what evidence distinguishes that claim from voluntary cooperation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "retained-external-control-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-knowledge-authority", "name": "Institutions and knowledge authority", "description": "Assess institutional and epistemic projects through the specific colonial practices and decision powers they address.", "rationale": "These uses need explicit boundaries so that symbolic changes, practical reforms, and contested extensions of the concept remain distinguishable.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutional-governance", "name": "Institutional governance", "description": "Track changes in institutional rules, leadership authority, resource allocation, and accountability.", "findings": [ { "id": "institutional-power-transfer", "name": "Institutional power transfer", "description": "Identify whether an institutional initiative changes who sets rules and controls resources, and how that change relates to colonial domination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which institutional practice is identified as colonial, and what change to governing authority or resource control is proposed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "institutional-power-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "What decisions can affected communities make or block after the initiative that they could not make or block before it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "institutional-power-transfer-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "knowledge-language-and-heritage", "name": "Knowledge, language, and heritage", "description": "Examine authority over knowledge production, language use, collections, interpretation, and access.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-over-knowledge", "name": "Authority over knowledge", "description": "Separate adding representation from changing control over how knowledge and heritage are collected, validated, taught, held, or shared.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who determines the terms for researching, teaching, interpreting, accessing, or returning the knowledge and heritage at issue?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authority-over-knowledge-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes are requested by the relevant knowledge holders, and what authority permits an agent or institution to implement them?", "kind": "action", "id": "authority-over-knowledge-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transition-and-contested-outcomes", "name": "Transition and contested outcomes", "description": "Connect commitments to implementation evidence and preserve disagreements over success, harm, and completion.", "rationale": "Decolonization may proceed unevenly across domains, and formal milestones can conceal stalled or reversed changes.", "layers": [ { "id": "implementation-pathway", "name": "Implementation pathway", "description": "Track how mobilization, negotiation, agreements, and institutional changes lead to practical transfers of authority.", "findings": [ { "id": "commitments-and-delivery", "name": "Commitments and delivery", "description": "Record concrete commitments, responsible actors, prerequisites, implementation evidence, and obstacles.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which commitments transfer which powers or resources, who must implement them, and what milestones or dependencies apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "commitments-and-delivery-q01" }, { "text": "Which commitments are implemented in law and practice, and which remain delayed, unenforced, or reversed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "commitments-and-delivery-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "completion-and-accountability", "name": "Completion and accountability", "description": "Evaluate outcomes using attributed criteria and mechanisms for contesting decisions or addressing harms.", "findings": [ { "id": "domain-specific-outcome-judgment", "name": "Domain-specific outcome judgment", "description": "Keep declarations of completion separate from evidence of changed authority and from affected constituencies' assessments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who considers decolonization complete, incomplete, or reversed, and what evidence and domain-specific criteria support each judgment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "domain-specific-outcome-judgment-q01" }, { "text": "What avenues allow affected constituencies to challenge an outcome, address harms, or revise arrangements that reproduce domination?", "kind": "action", "id": "domain-specific-outcome-judgment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense: this account foregrounds political decolonization while identifying broader uses whose scope is disputed.", "The UN instruments listed have different legal statuses; General Assembly declarations should not be treated as equivalent to binding treaties.", "There is no universally accepted numerical measure of completed decolonization; assessments depend on the political, territorial or institutional meaning being used." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Political decolonization through independence", "Decolonization through freely chosen association or integration", "Economic decolonization", "Cultural and linguistic decolonization", "Epistemic and educational decolonization", "Indigenous decolonization centred on land and self-government" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Charter: self-determination and the frameworks for Non-Self-Governing Territories and international trusteeship.", "UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV), Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (1960).", "UN General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) (1960): principles identifying independence, free association and integration as pathways to a full measure of self-government.", "UN General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXV), Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States (1970).", "United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2007: relevant to Indigenous self-determination, lands and institutions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Historical analysis of the dissolution of colonial empires and the formation of independent states.", "UN consideration of Non-Self-Governing Territories and their paths toward self-government.", "Negotiation of constitutional transitions, independence and free-association arrangements.", "Indigenous movements seeking land restitution, treaty implementation and self-government.", "Institutional programmes addressing colonial collections, curricula, language hierarchies and research practices." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating formal independence as proof that economic dependence, racial hierarchy or dispossession has ended.", "Describing a transfer of authority as self-determination without establishing the affected population's freely expressed wishes.", "Violence, displacement and exclusion during conflicts over sovereignty, borders and political succession.", "Using institutional or curricular reform as a substitute for material changes sought by colonized or Indigenous peoples.", "Assuming that colonized populations have a single political programme, obscuring internal differences and minority rights." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "In much of Asia and Africa, the term commonly refers to struggles against European imperial rule and twentieth-century transitions to independent statehood.", "In settler-colonial contexts, Indigenous accounts often emphasize continuing land dispossession and sovereignty claims after the settler state has achieved independence.", "In Latin American decolonial scholarship, emphasis often falls on the persistence of coloniality in racial, economic and knowledge hierarchies after formal colonial rule." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "self-determination", "difference": "Self-determination is a principle and claim concerning a people's political status and development; decolonization is a process through which it may be realized in a colonial context." }, { "name": "independence", "difference": "Independence is a political status; decolonization is a process that can produce independence but is not exhausted by that outcome." }, { "name": "anti-colonialism", "difference": "Anti-colonialism is opposition to colonial domination; decolonization concerns its dismantling and the resulting transformation." }, { "name": "postcolonialism", "difference": "Postcolonialism commonly denotes scholarship examining colonialism and its legacies; decolonization denotes processes and projects of ending colonial domination." }, { "name": "decoloniality", "difference": "Decoloniality emphasizes challenging enduring colonial patterns of power and knowledge; its scope overlaps broader decolonization but need not refer to a transfer of sovereignty." }, { "name": "secession", "difference": "Secession separates territory from an existing state; decolonization specifically concerns colonial domination and need not involve secession." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of decolonization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which reference works and participant accounts should anchor the competing territorial, Indigenous, material, and epistemic definitions without treating one tradition as universally authoritative?", "Under what conditions should institutional or epistemic initiatives count as instances of decolonization, and which traditions dispute that extension?", "How should the model evaluate representative authority where Indigenous peoples, national movements, displaced populations, and current residents advance conflicting claims?", "Which observable criteria distinguish continuing colonial domination from unequal but voluntarily maintained economic or security relationships in particular cases?", "Can any completion criteria apply across cases, or must completion remain an attributed judgment assessed separately for each domain?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a decolonization, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognize a decolonization claim or process, assess which colonial relations it changes, and identify actions justified by affected peoples' authority and the available evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cultural decolonization, decolonization of Rwanda, decolonisation of Oceania, decolonisation of Asia, Indigenous decolonization, Decolonization of public space.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a decolonization, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cultural decolonization", "decolonization of Rwanda", "decolonisation of Oceania", "decolonisation of Asia", "Indigenous decolonization", "Decolonization of public space" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one decolonization from another, and a decolonization from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a decolonization sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a decolonization from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a decolonization passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a decolonization between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a decolonization, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a decolonization is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a decolonization proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a decolonization, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a decolonization and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a decolonization consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a decolonization takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What decolonization is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of decolonization are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is decolonization operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of decolonization and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of decolonization?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as decolonization?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a decolonization came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a decolonization and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a decolonization is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a decolonization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a decolonization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a decolonization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }