{ "model": { "rank": 4895, "code": "thing-q233309", "model_id": "vr.tr.brain-tumor", "name": "brain tumor", "purpose": "Let an agent explain brain tumours in general terms, route symptoms and emergencies to care, describe diagnosis and treatment approaches with attribution, and support patients and carers without individual medical advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q233309/", "tier": 2, "score": 71, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "infratentorial neoplasm", "infratentorial cancer", "brain metastasis", "hereditary neurocutaneous malformation", "childhood brain tumor", "benign neoplasm of pituitary gland", "pediatric CNS embryonal cell carcinoma", "childhood central nervous system mixed germ cell tumor", "lung carcinoma metastatic to the brain", "secondary malignant neoplasm to the adult brain", "breast carcinoma metastatic to the brain", "olfactory nerve neoplasm", "brain cancer", "benign neoplasm of brain", "neurocytoma", "visual cortex disorder due to neoplasm", "recurrent adult brain tumor", "primary brain tumor", "neoplasm of cerebral hemisphere", "supratentorial neoplasms", "cerebral ventricle neoplasm", "benign neoplasm of cerebellum", "childhood germ cell brain tumor", "brain sarcoma", "supratentorial cancer", "brain germinoma", "malignant neoplasm of cerebrum except lobes and ventricles", "benign neoplasm of cerebrum" ], "aliasCount": 28, "merged": 28, "knownIn": 71, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q233309", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T22:38:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q233309", "registryId": "vr.tr.brain-tumor", "name": "brain tumor", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q233309/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.brain-tumor", "name": "brain tumor", "purpose": "Let an agent explain brain tumours in general terms, route symptoms and emergencies to care, describe diagnosis and treatment approaches with attribution, and support patients and carers without individual medical advice.", "definition": "An abnormal growth of cells in the brain or its coverings, either a primary tumour arising from brain tissue, such as gliomas, meningiomas and pituitary tumours, or a secondary tumour from metastasis, benign or malignant, in adults and children, and in hereditary syndromes; brain tumours cause symptoms by pressure and location and are diagnosed by imaging and biopsy and treated by surgery, radiotherapy and drugs under neuro-oncology guidelines.", "what_it_is_for": "Tumours of the brain.", "affordances": [ "explain types and symptoms", "route emergencies to care", "describe diagnosis and treatment in general terms", "support patients and carers" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Intracranial", "Benign or malignant", "Location-dependent symptoms", "Multidisciplinary care" ], "appearance": "Not visible externally; seen on imaging.", "visual_identification": [ "Growth in the brain or its coverings", "Primary or secondary", "Other causes of headache and neurological symptoms are far more common" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "gliomas", "meningiomas", "pituitary tumours", "childhood brain tumours", "brain metastases" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "intracranial tumor", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "central nervous system neoplasm", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "metastasis", "why": "secondary tumours" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "neuron", "why": "affected tissue" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Neuro-oncology clinical guidelines", "WHO classification of central nervous system tumours", "Medicines and radiotherapy regulation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Delayed diagnosis", "Agents diagnosing or advising on treatment", "Misinformation about causes and cures" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "urgent", "name": "Urgent", "description": "Symptoms and emergencies.", "rationale": "Routing.", "layers": [ { "id": "redflags", "name": "Red flags", "description": "Urgent signs.", "findings": [ { "id": "redflags-finding", "name": "Red flags", "description": "Red flags.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are there signs such as new seizures, sudden severe headache, progressive weakness or confusion that need urgent care?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should emergency services be called now?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assess", "name": "Assess", "description": "Getting assessed.", "findings": [ { "id": "assess-finding", "name": "Assess", "description": "Assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which symptoms warrant assessment for a possible brain tumour, according to guidance, and how are they investigated?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking for a diagnosis, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "Types and causes.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Kinds of brain tumour.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main types of brain tumour, how are they graded, and how do adult and childhood tumours differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes and risk factors.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about causes and risk factors, including hereditary syndromes, according to research?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which claims about causes are unsupported?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "treat", "name": "Treat", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment approaches.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which treatment approaches, such as surgery, radiotherapy and drug therapy, do guidelines describe for this type, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What role do clinical trials play?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "support", "name": "Support", "description": "Support for patients and carers.", "findings": [ { "id": "support-finding", "name": "Support", "description": "Support.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organisations and services support people with brain tumours and their families?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is rehabilitation and palliative care provided?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Research and teaching.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are current research directions in brain tumours?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How can patients participate in research?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can brain tumours be taught within neuro-oncology?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each tumour type be a separate entry?", "How should guidelines be linked?", "How should support organisations be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a brain tumor, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain brain tumours in general terms, route symptoms and emergencies to care, describe diagnosis and treatment approaches with attribution, and support patients and carers without individual medical advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: infratentorial neoplasm, infratentorial cancer, brain metastasis, hereditary neurocutaneous malformation, childhood brain tumor, benign neoplasm of pituitary gland, pediatric CNS embryonal cell carcinoma, childhood central nervous system mixed germ cell tumor, lung carcinoma metastatic to the brain, secondary malignant neoplasm to the adult brain, breast carcinoma metastatic to the brain, olfactory nerve neoplasm.", "28 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a brain tumor, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "infratentorial neoplasm", "infratentorial cancer", "brain metastasis", "hereditary neurocutaneous malformation", "childhood brain tumor", "benign neoplasm of pituitary gland", "pediatric CNS embryonal cell carcinoma", "childhood central nervous system mixed germ cell tumor", "lung carcinoma metastatic to the brain", "secondary malignant neoplasm to the adult brain", "breast carcinoma metastatic to the brain", "olfactory nerve neoplasm" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 28 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one brain tumor from another, and a brain tumor from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a brain tumor sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a brain tumor from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a brain tumor passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a brain tumor between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a brain tumor, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a brain tumor is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What brain tumor is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of brain tumor are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is brain tumor operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of brain tumor and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of brain tumor?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as brain tumor?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a brain tumor came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a brain tumor and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a brain tumor is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a brain tumor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a brain tumor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a brain tumor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }