{ "model": { "rank": 1065, "code": "thing-q23498", "model_id": "vr.tr.archaeology", "name": "archaeology", "purpose": "Let an agent handle archaeology by site, period, method, finds, law and ethics, including reporting finds and respecting heritage protection.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q23498/", "tier": 2, "score": 188, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "banded armor", "plate armor", "Aegean glyptic", "mining history", "rescue archaeology", "traceology", "experimental archaeology", "illyrology", "textile archaeology", "heritage science", "Systems theory in archaeology", "oriental archaeology", "Byzantine archaeology", "mycenology", "vase science", "archaeological phenomenology", "Archaeology of New Guinea and Pacific Islands (excl. New Zealand)", "Māori archaeology", "archaeometallurgy", "Scent preservation", "olfactory heritage", "classical archaeology", "media archaeology", "prehistoric archaeology", "archeogenetics", "Nonferrous Archaeometallurgy in the Southern Levant", "paleometallurgy", "archaeology of the Arabian Peninsula", "Egyptology", "Near Eastern archaeology", "Islamic archaeology", "archaeology of the Roman provinces", "Roman archaeology", "Greek epigraphy", "archaeological sociology", "gender archaeology", "Cova de les Dones", "archaeology of Saudi Arabia", "archaeology of ancient Egypt", "mission archaeology" ], "aliasCount": 154, "merged": 154, "knownIn": 188, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q23498", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T09:36:59Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q23498", "registryId": "vr.tr.archaeology", "name": "archaeology", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q23498/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.archaeology", "name": "archaeology", "purpose": "Let an agent handle archaeology by site, period, method, finds, law and ethics, including reporting finds and respecting heritage protection.", "definition": "The scientific study of human activity in the past through the recovery and analysis of material remains such as artefacts, structures, landscapes and biological remains, using excavation, survey and laboratory methods.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding the human past.", "affordances": [ "find information about sites and periods", "report chance finds correctly", "understand heritage protection law", "find ways to volunteer or study" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Studies material remains", "Uses excavation and science", "Governed by heritage law", "Ethics toward descendant communities" ], "appearance": "Excavation trenches, survey grids, finds trays and museum displays.", "visual_identification": [ "Stratigraphy and trenches", "Finds labels and context numbers", "Metal detecting is regulated separately" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "prehistoric archaeology", "classical archaeology", "rescue or commercial archaeology", "maritime archaeology", "archaeological science" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "study of history", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "studies", "target": "artefact and archaeological site", "why": "objects" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "radiocarbon dating", "why": "method" }, { "relation": "is regulated by", "target": "heritage protection law", "why": "law" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Valletta Convention on archaeological heritage", "National antiquities and treasure laws", "UNESCO 1970 Convention on illicit trafficking" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Looting and illicit trade", "Unreported finds losing context", "Disrespect to human remains and descendant communities" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "site", "name": "Site", "description": "Which site.", "rationale": "Sites are recorded.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Site record.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-finding", "name": "Identity", "description": "Site identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which site is meant, and how is it recorded?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which period does it belong to?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection", "name": "Protection", "description": "Designation.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-finding", "name": "Protection", "description": "Legal protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the site legally protected?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What activities are forbidden there?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "How archaeology works.", "rationale": "Methods produce evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "excavation", "name": "Excavation", "description": "Digging.", "findings": [ { "id": "excavation-finding", "name": "Excavation", "description": "Excavation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was the site excavated and recorded?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where is the report published?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dating", "name": "Dating", "description": "Science.", "findings": [ { "id": "dating-finding", "name": "Dating", "description": "Dating methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were the finds dated?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What is the uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "finds", "name": "Finds", "description": "Objects.", "rationale": "Finds must be reported.", "layers": [ { "id": "reporting", "name": "Reporting", "description": "Chance finds.", "findings": [ { "id": "reporting-finding", "name": "Reporting", "description": "Reporting finds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What should someone do after finding a possible antiquity?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which authority must be told?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "trade", "name": "Trade", "description": "Illicit trafficking.", "findings": [ { "id": "trade-finding", "name": "Trade", "description": "Trade in antiquities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this object have documented legal provenance?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which rules govern its export?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ethics", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Communities.", "rationale": "Archaeology affects people.", "layers": [ { "id": "remains", "name": "Human remains", "description": "Respect.", "findings": [ { "id": "remains-finding", "name": "Remains", "description": "Human remains.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are human remains handled and by whose consent?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are repatriation claims involved?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "participation", "name": "Participation", "description": "Volunteering.", "findings": [ { "id": "participation-finding", "name": "Participation", "description": "Taking part.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can the public volunteer on excavations?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What training is needed?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should archaeological periods be separate entries?", "How should site records be linked?", "How should find-reporting rules be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a archaeology, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle archaeology by site, period, method, finds, law and ethics, including reporting finds and respecting heritage protection.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: banded armor, plate armor, Aegean glyptic, mining history, rescue archaeology, traceology, experimental archaeology, illyrology, textile archaeology, heritage science, Systems theory in archaeology, oriental archaeology.", "154 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 188 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a archaeology, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "banded armor", "plate armor", "Aegean glyptic", "mining history", "rescue archaeology", "traceology", "experimental archaeology", "illyrology", "textile archaeology", "heritage science", "Systems theory in archaeology", "oriental archaeology" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 188 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 154 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one archaeology from another, and a archaeology from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a archaeology sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a archaeology from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a archaeology passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a archaeology between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a archaeology, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a archaeology is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a archaeology says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a archaeology contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a archaeology and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What archaeology studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does archaeology take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does archaeology establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where archaeology is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark archaeology as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place archaeology, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a archaeology came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a archaeology and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a archaeology is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a archaeology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a archaeology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a archaeology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }