{ "model": { "rank": 1097, "code": "thing-q23540", "model_id": "vr.tr.protestantism", "name": "Protestantism", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Protestantism neutrally and respectfully by tradition, beliefs, practices and history, attributing beliefs to adherents.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q23540/", "tier": 2, "score": 183, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Calvary Chapel church", "Evangelisch-lutherische Kirchengemeinde Hiddesen", "Godspeak Calvary Chapel of Thousand Oaks", "Biblical Unitarianism", "Protestantism on the Earth", "Evangelicalism in Madagascar", "Lutheranism in Madagascar", "Lutheranism in New Zealand", "Lutheranism in Japan", "Methodism in Sweden", "Lutheranism in Sweden", "Adventism in Ukraine", "Methodism in Germany", "Anglicanism in Spain", "Evangelicalism in Ecuador", "Methodism in Denmark", "Lutheranism in Mexico", "Congregationalism in England", "Lutheranism in Scotland", "Lutheranism in England and Wales", "Seventh-day Adventism in Costa Rica", "Lutheranism in Latvia", "Seventh-day Adventism in Moldova", "Adventism in Finland", "Methodism in Finland", "Lutheranism in Finland", "Lutheranism in Iceland", "Reformed Protestantism in Netherlands", "Lutheranism in Portugal", "Methodism in Pakistan", "Presbyterianism in South Korea", "Lutheranism in Australia", "Evangelicalism in France", "Adventism in Belarus", "Anglicanism in Russia", "Lutheranism in Russia", "Methodism in Russia", "Presbyterianism in Colombia", "Lutheranism in Brazil", "Congregationalism in Brazil" ], "aliasCount": 179, "merged": 179, "knownIn": 183, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q23540", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T08:11:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q23540", "registryId": "vr.tr.protestantism", "name": "Protestantism", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q23540/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.protestantism", "name": "Protestantism", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Protestantism neutrally and respectfully by tradition, beliefs, practices and history, attributing beliefs to adherents.", "definition": "A branch of Western Christianity originating in the 16th-century Reformation, emphasising scripture and justification by faith, with many traditions such as Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Methodist, Baptist, Pentecostal and evangelical churches.", "what_it_is_for": "A family of Christian traditions practised worldwide.", "affordances": [ "learn about traditions and beliefs", "find local congregations", "study Reformation history", "respect religious freedom" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Rooted in the Reformation", "Scripture central", "Many denominations", "Diverse worship styles" ], "appearance": "Churches, services, hymns, preaching and scripture reading.", "visual_identification": [ "Denomination names", "Local congregations", "Evangelical and mainline distinctions" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Lutheran churches", "Reformed and Presbyterian churches", "Anglican churches", "Methodist and Baptist churches", "Pentecostal and evangelical churches" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Western Christianity", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is part of", "target": "Christianity", "why": "religion" }, { "relation": "originated in", "target": "Reformation", "why": "history" }, { "relation": "is protected by", "target": "freedom of religion", "why": "right" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Freedom of religion or belief", "Law on religious organisations" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating one denomination as representative", "Stating beliefs as facts", "Unsourced adherent numbers" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "tradition", "name": "Tradition", "description": "Which church.", "rationale": "Traditions differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "denomination", "name": "Denomination", "description": "Family.", "findings": [ { "id": "denomination-finding", "name": "Denomination", "description": "Denomination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which denomination or family is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it describe itself?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance", "name": "Governance", "description": "Church order.", "findings": [ { "id": "governance-finding", "name": "Governance", "description": "Governance.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is it governed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which body speaks officially?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "beliefs", "name": "Beliefs", "description": "Teachings.", "rationale": "Beliefs are attributed.", "layers": [ { "id": "teachings", "name": "Teachings", "description": "Core beliefs.", "findings": [ { "id": "teachings-finding", "name": "Teachings", "description": "Beliefs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do adherents believe, according to their own sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where do denominations differ?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scripture", "name": "Scripture", "description": "Bible use.", "findings": [ { "id": "scripture-finding", "name": "Scripture", "description": "Scripture.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Bible translation is common?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is scripture interpreted?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Worship.", "rationale": "Practice varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "worship", "name": "Worship", "description": "Services.", "findings": [ { "id": "worship-finding", "name": "Worship", "description": "Worship.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does a typical service involve?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which sacraments are practised?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "community", "name": "Community", "description": "Congregations.", "findings": [ { "id": "community-finding", "name": "Community", "description": "Congregations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can someone find a local congregation?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Are visitors welcome?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Reformation.", "rationale": "History needs scholarship.", "layers": [ { "id": "origins", "name": "Origins", "description": "Reformation.", "findings": [ { "id": "origins-finding", "name": "Origins", "description": "Origins.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do historians say about the Reformation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the account balanced?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "demographics", "name": "Demographics", "description": "Adherents.", "findings": [ { "id": "demographics-finding", "name": "Demographics", "description": "Demographics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many adherents, according to which survey?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Where is growth or decline?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should denominations be separate entries?", "How should adherent data be sourced?", "How should local congregations be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Protestantism, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe Protestantism neutrally and respectfully by tradition, beliefs, practices and history, attributing beliefs to adherents.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Calvary Chapel church, Evangelisch-lutherische Kirchengemeinde Hiddesen, Godspeak Calvary Chapel of Thousand Oaks, Biblical Unitarianism, Protestantism on the Earth, Evangelicalism in Madagascar, Lutheranism in Madagascar, Lutheranism in New Zealand, Lutheranism in Japan, Methodism in Sweden, Lutheranism in Sweden, Adventism in Ukraine.", "179 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 183 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Protestantism, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Calvary Chapel church", "Evangelisch-lutherische Kirchengemeinde Hiddesen", "Godspeak Calvary Chapel of Thousand Oaks", "Biblical Unitarianism", "Protestantism on the Earth", "Evangelicalism in Madagascar", "Lutheranism in Madagascar", "Lutheranism in New Zealand", "Lutheranism in Japan", "Methodism in Sweden", "Lutheranism in Sweden", "Adventism in Ukraine" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 183 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 179 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Protestantism from another, and a Protestantism from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Protestantism sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Protestantism from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Protestantism passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Protestantism between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Protestantism, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Protestantism is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Protestantism.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Protestantism and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Protestantism, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Protestantism and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Protestantism sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What Protestantism is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does Protestantism take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of Protestantism, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in Protestantism and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of Protestantism may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does Protestantism have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Protestantism came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Protestantism and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Protestantism is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Protestantism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Protestantism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Protestantism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }