{ "model": { "rank": 3816, "code": "thing-q23767", "model_id": "vr.tr.calcium-carbonate", "name": "calcium carbonate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify calcium carbonate, assess its form and grade, and determine whether a specified handling, processing or application step is supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q23767/", "tier": 2, "score": 81, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "carbonation-lime residue", "slag lime", "coccolith" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 81, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.calcium-carbonate", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q23767", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T18:49:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 31.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08780-42cd-76b2-bd23-5926fa6707dd\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: calcium carbonate\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 100", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08780-4213-7cc1-9849-2707ecff9a07\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: calcium carbonate\nRegistry id: vr.tr.calcium-carbonate\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q23767", "registryId": "vr.tr.calcium-carbonate", "name": "calcium carbonate", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q23767/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.calcium-carbonate", "name": "calcium carbonate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify calcium carbonate, assess its form and grade, and determine whether a specified handling, processing or application step is supported by evidence.", "definition": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic salt composed of calcium ions and carbonate ions, occurring naturally in several mineral forms and constituting a major component of limestone, chalk and many biological shells.", "scope_statement": "This model owns calcium carbonate as the chemical substance CaCO3 and the identity, solid form, composition, particle properties, reactivity and grade of material represented by registry entry vr.tr.calcium-carbonate in PHY / PHY.MAT.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity and evidence that a material contains calcium carbonate", "Crystalline polymorphs, amorphous material and mixtures of calcium carbonate forms", "Assay, impurities, moisture, additives and surface treatments", "Particle properties and condition-dependent dissolution and thermal behaviour", "Grade, provenance and evidence of suitability for an intended use", "Material-specific handling, exposure and regulatory records" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Limestone, marble, chalk and other rocks as geological bodies or whole materials", "Organisms, shells and skeletal structures that contain calcium carbonate", "Finished medicines, foods, coatings, plastics and construction products containing it", "Quarrying, precipitation and calcination processes as complete production systems", "Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, dolomite and other distinct substances", "Clinical prescribing, nutritional requirements and patient-specific treatment decisions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish CaCO3 identity through compatible calcium and carbonate evidence; acid effervescence alone cannot distinguish calcium carbonate from other carbonates.", "Distinguish calcium carbonate from calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide by phase or compositional analysis rather than whiteness or a calcium assay alone.", "Distinguish calcium carbonate from dolomite using magnesium content and phase identification; both may occur together in mineral-derived material.", "Use diffraction or suitable spectroscopy to distinguish calcite, aragonite and vaterite; their shared formula does not establish their solid form.", "Distinguish a calcium carbonate substance or commercial grade from a carbonate-bearing rock, composite or formulated product by recording the other constituents and material boundary." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Substance identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "CaCO3; verified CAS, PubChem and EC identifiers with source and identity scope", "why_it_matters": "Connects the material to the correct substance records without treating a supplier product name as proof of composition." }, { "name": "Calcium carbonate assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, with analytical method, uncertainty and dry or as-received basis", "why_it_matters": "Establishes usable carbonate content and supports grade assessment." }, { "name": "Solid form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Calcite, aragonite, vaterite, amorphous, mixed or unresolved; phase fractions where measured", "why_it_matters": "Solid form affects material behaviour and cannot be inferred from the formula alone." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % or mg/kg by constituent, including magnesium-bearing phases, silica and application-relevant trace elements", "why_it_matters": "Impurities can govern exposure controls and acceptance for a use even when carbonate assay is high." }, { "name": "Moisture and surface treatment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Moisture mass %; untreated, treated or unknown; treatment identity and loading", "why_it_matters": "Water and surface modifiers affect mass balance, dispersion and compatibility." }, { "name": "Particle size and morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Size distribution in µm or nm with method; particle shape, agglomeration and specific surface area in m²/g", "why_it_matters": "Controls powder handling, dissolution rate and performance as a filler." }, { "name": "Dissolution and neutralisation response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dissolved concentration in mg/L, dissolution rate and acid consumption in mmol H+/g under stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions involving acidity, water chemistry and available reaction time." }, { "name": "Thermal response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, mass loss %, evolved gases and remaining phases with atmosphere and heating programme", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes decomposition from a presumed melting or boiling point and identifies changes during heating." }, { "name": "Origin and production class", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Source deposit or feedstock, producer and lot; ground, precipitated, biogenic or other documented origin", "why_it_matters": "Provides traceability and helps explain variation without substituting origin for measurement." }, { "name": "Use-specific grade status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported, conditional, unsupported or unassessed against a named specification and revision", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a technical grade from being accepted for food, pharmaceutical or other demanding uses without evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Check whether identity and assay evidence support labelling a material as calcium carbonate.", "Compare lots or grades for a defined use using purity, solid form, particle properties and surface treatment.", "Assess acid neutralisation or dissolution under specified solution conditions.", "Assess whether heating will change carbonate content or produce a different substance.", "Identify handling controls from particle characteristics, impurities and the applicable safety documentation.", "Accept, quarantine or request further testing of a lot against an explicit specification." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "carbonate-identity-and-composition", "name": "Carbonate identity and composition", "description": "Establish what material is being represented and how much of it is calcium carbonate.", "rationale": "A calcium-bearing white powder or carbonate-rich rock is not sufficient evidence of calcium carbonate identity or purity.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Connect the CaCO3 identity to analytical evidence and authoritative substance records.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Record evidence supporting calcium carbonate identity and distinguishing neighbouring calcium compounds and carbonates.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which analytical results establish calcium carbonate rather than only calcium content or acid-reactive carbonate?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified CAS, PubChem and EC records identify this substance, and do any cited records describe a mixture or product instead?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assay-and-other-constituents", "name": "Assay and other constituents", "description": "Separate calcium carbonate content from mineral impurities, moisture and intentionally added material.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-basis", "name": "Composition basis", "description": "Make purity claims interpretable through their analytical basis and coverage of non-carbonate constituents.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the calcium carbonate mass fraction, on what moisture basis, and can the assay distinguish it from other acid-consuming constituents?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which magnesium-bearing phases, silica, trace elements, coatings or additives are present, and at what concentrations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "solid-form-and-particle-behaviour", "name": "Solid form and particle behaviour", "description": "Describe the physical form that determines how the material behaves as a powder, particle population or slurry solid.", "rationale": "Calcium carbonate grades with the same nominal chemistry can behave differently because of polymorph, morphology and surface condition.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-morphology", "name": "Phase and morphology", "description": "Resolve crystalline or amorphous form and particle shape.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-distribution", "name": "Phase distribution", "description": "Record identified calcium carbonate forms and the evidence supporting their proportions and stability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which of calcite, aragonite, vaterite or amorphous calcium carbonate is present, and how was the phase distribution determined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "Does storage or processing alter the phase distribution or particle morphology under the conditions relevant to this lot?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "phase-distribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "particle-and-surface-condition", "name": "Particle and surface condition", "description": "Capture particle dimensions, agglomeration and surface modifications relevant to handling and incorporation.", "findings": [ { "id": "particle-performance-evidence", "name": "Particle performance evidence", "description": "Relate measured particle and surface properties to a proposed dispersion or handling step.", "questions": [ { "text": "What size distribution, morphology and surface area were measured, and does the method describe primary particles or agglomerates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "particle-performance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How do moisture, agglomeration and any surface treatment affect dispersion in the intended liquid or polymer?", "kind": "action", "id": "particle-performance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "carbonate-reactions-and-conditions", "name": "Carbonate reactions and conditions", "description": "Define behaviour in aqueous, acidic and heated environments using explicit conditions.", "rationale": "Useful carbonate behaviour depends on solution chemistry and thermal conditions; isolated property values can mislead.", "layers": [ { "id": "aqueous-and-acid-response", "name": "Aqueous and acid response", "description": "Assess dissolution, acid consumption and possible carbonate precipitation.", "findings": [ { "id": "solution-dependent-reactivity", "name": "Solution-dependent reactivity", "description": "Record the conditions and timescale governing dissolution and neutralisation.", "questions": [ { "text": "At the specified temperature, pH, dissolved CO2 and solution composition, what evidence supports the expected dissolution or precipitation behaviour?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "solution-dependent-reactivity-q01" }, { "text": "What acid dose and contact time can this material neutralise, and how will resulting CO2 evolution be accommodated?", "kind": "action", "id": "solution-dependent-reactivity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-transformation", "name": "Thermal transformation", "description": "Track carbonate loss and conversion during heating.", "findings": [ { "id": "decomposition-envelope", "name": "Decomposition envelope", "description": "Represent thermal decomposition to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide with the conditions that govern its extent.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under what temperature programme, CO2 partial pressure and residence time was decomposition measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "decomposition-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "After heating, how much carbonate remains, and should the resulting material be represented as calcium carbonate, a mixture or calcium oxide?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "decomposition-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "origin-grade-and-use-qualification", "name": "Origin, grade and use qualification", "description": "Connect the supplied material to its origin, lot evidence and requirements for a proposed application.", "rationale": "Ground and precipitated grades, and different purity specifications, are not interchangeable solely because they share CaCO3 identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-lot-evidence", "name": "Origin and lot evidence", "description": "Establish the provenance of the material and the applicability of supporting analyses.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-material-history", "name": "Traceable material history", "description": "Record source and processing information that explains the supplied grade and its measured properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material ground mineral carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, biogenic material or another documented preparation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-material-history-q01" }, { "text": "Which certificates and analyses apply to this specific lot, and which describe only a supplier's typical product?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-material-history-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-acceptance", "name": "Application acceptance", "description": "Evaluate the grade against the requirements of an explicitly identified use.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-use-boundary", "name": "Supported use boundary", "description": "Separate demonstrated suitability from assumptions based on product names or nominal purity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification governs the intended filler, neutralisation, food or pharmaceutical use, and what evidence demonstrates compliance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-use-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which unmet criteria require rejection, quarantine or additional testing before this lot can be used?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-use-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-regulatory-context", "name": "Exposure and regulatory context", "description": "Assess the safety and regulatory context of the actual calcium carbonate grade and intended operation.", "rationale": "Powder exposure, contaminating minerals and use restrictions require evidence beyond the nominal substance identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "dust-and-impurity-exposure", "name": "Dust and impurity exposure", "description": "Connect exposure potential to particle characteristics, contaminants and operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-control-basis", "name": "Exposure control basis", "description": "Determine what exposure evidence and controls apply to powder transfer, grinding or other dust-generating work.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inhalable or respirable dust exposure is expected or measured, and is crystalline silica or another relevant contaminant present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-control-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified exposure limits and control measures apply to this composition, operation and jurisdiction?", "kind": "action", "id": "exposure-control-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-use-restrictions", "name": "Classification and use restrictions", "description": "Maintain the applicability and currency of classification and regulatory evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-regulatory-record", "name": "Applicable regulatory record", "description": "Record the classification and restrictions of the supplied material without assigning one universal status to every grade.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hazard classification is documented for this grade under the applicable jurisdiction, and which composition and document revision support it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-regulatory-record-q01" }, { "text": "Do particle form, surface treatment, impurities or intended use introduce requirements beyond those recorded for the base substance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-regulatory-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge without consulted sources; verify identifiers and current pharmacopoeial requirements before publication.", "The kinds list combines structural forms with commercial production categories; GCC and PCC are not additional polymorphs.", "Solubility depends strongly on carbon dioxide, pH and temperature; decomposition temperature depends on carbon dioxide pressure, so a single melting point or boiling point would be misleading." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Calcite", "Aragonite", "Vaterite", "Amorphous calcium carbonate", "Ground calcium carbonate (GCC)", "Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Chemical formula", "value_or_pattern": "CaCO3", "note": "Identifies composition, not crystal structure, purity or particle size." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "471-34-1", "note": "General calcium carbonate substance identifier." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "10112", "note": "Compound record identifier recalled without verification." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "207-439-9", "note": "European substance inventory identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF), published by USP, includes a Calcium Carbonate monograph specifying pharmaceutical quality.", "European Pharmacopoeia, published by the Council of Europe's EDQM, includes a Calcium Carbonate monograph." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Mineral filler or coating pigment in paper, plastics, paints and rubber.", "Raw material for lime and cement production.", "Agricultural liming material for reducing soil acidity.", "Calcium source and antacid ingredient in appropriately qualified pharmaceutical products.", "Acid neutralization in industrial and water-treatment processes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 100.09", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Density of calcite near room temperature", "typical_range": "Approximately 2.71", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Density of aragonite near room temperature", "typical_range": "Approximately 2.93", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Mohs hardness of calcite", "typical_range": "3", "unit": "Mohs scale" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Airborne dust can irritate eyes and respiratory passages; particle size and airborne concentration affect exposure.", "Reaction with acids releases carbon dioxide, potentially causing foaming and pressure buildup in closed equipment.", "Strong heating decomposes calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide; the calcium oxide residue is caustic.", "Natural mineral grades can contain impurities such as crystalline silica or trace metals, requiring grade-specific assessment.", "Unwanted precipitation can form scale that obstructs pipes and reduces heat-transfer performance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pharmaceutical quality requirements depend on the applicable pharmacopoeia and market.", "Workplace dust limits and the treatment of crystalline-silica impurities vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Limestone", "difference": "Limestone is a sedimentary rock commonly rich in calcium carbonate; it can contain other minerals and is not necessarily a pure substance." }, { "name": "Calcite", "difference": "Calcite is a particular crystalline polymorph of calcium carbonate; the substance name also covers other structures." }, { "name": "Dolomite", "difference": "Dolomite has the composition CaMg(CO3)2, incorporating magnesium as well as calcium." }, { "name": "Calcium oxide", "difference": "Calcium oxide has formula CaO and is produced by thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate." }, { "name": "Calcium bicarbonate", "difference": "Calcium bicarbonate describes dissolved calcium and bicarbonate with nominal composition Ca(HCO3)2, rather than the carbonate solid CaCO3." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of calcium carbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative sources should anchor substance identifiers and condition-specific physical constants, including how thermal decomposition is represented instead of unsupported melting or boiling values?", "How should hydrated calcium carbonate phases be related to this entry without silently treating distinct compositions as anhydrous CaCO3?", "Which analytical methods adequately distinguish calcium carbonate assay from total carbonate or total acid-neutralising capacity in impure grades?", "Which current jurisdictional sources establish hazard classification, dust exposure limits and requirements for nanoscale or surface-treated grades?", "Which application specifications and measured acceptance criteria are needed to qualify food, pharmaceutical, filler and neutralisation grades?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a calcium carbonate, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify calcium carbonate, assess its form and grade, and determine whether a specified handling, processing or application step is supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: carbonation-lime residue, slag lime, coccolith.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a calcium carbonate, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "carbonation-lime residue", "slag lime", "coccolith" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one calcium carbonate from another, and a calcium carbonate from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a calcium carbonate sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a calcium carbonate from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a calcium carbonate is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a calcium carbonate is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a calcium carbonate is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a calcium carbonate is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a calcium carbonate is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a calcium carbonate is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a calcium carbonate passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a calcium carbonate between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a calcium carbonate, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a calcium carbonate is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a calcium carbonate and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a calcium carbonate is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a calcium carbonate performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a calcium carbonate.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a calcium carbonate at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a calcium carbonate there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What calcium carbonate is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name calcium carbonate unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of calcium carbonate exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How calcium carbonate behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of calcium carbonate, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is calcium carbonate incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How calcium carbonate can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is calcium carbonate classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover calcium carbonate, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a calcium carbonate came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a calcium carbonate and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a calcium carbonate is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a calcium carbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a calcium carbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a calcium carbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }