{ "model": { "rank": 5993, "code": "thing-q244157", "model_id": "vr.tr.igbo-people", "name": "Igbo people", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise references to Igbo people, assess evidence about particular Igbo communities and their continuity, and choose appropriately scoped research, consultation and cultural-support actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q244157/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Ohaozara people", "Afikpo" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q244157", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244157", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:37:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00836842, "turns": 1, "seconds": 242.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 114.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b6b-698e-7a00-9d3d-936680a84244\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Igbo people\nRegistry id: vr.tr.igbo-people\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.PER\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q244157", "registryId": "vr.tr.igbo-people", "name": "Igbo people", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q244157/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.igbo-people", "name": "Igbo people", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise references to Igbo people, assess evidence about particular Igbo communities and their continuity, and choose appropriately scoped research, consultation and cultural-support actions.", "definition": "The Igbo (Ndi Igbo) are a West African ethnolinguistic people whose historic core homeland is the rainforest belt of southeastern Nigeria between the Niger and Cross rivers (principally today's Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo, with long-standing Igbo-speaking communities in Delta and Rivers), speaking Igboid languages of the Volta-Niger family and historically organised in autonomous village democracies with title associations, dual-sex political offices, dense market networks and the indigenous ritual system called Odinani, rather than a single precolonial kingdom.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the collective identity represented by vr.tr.igbo-people, its internal diversity, community relationships, cultural transmission and conditions of representation; it does not determine an individual's ethnicity or presume a single collective will.", "in_scope": [ "Self-identification, community identification and competing descriptions of Igbo belonging", "Relationships among named Igbo communities, ancestral places and diaspora populations", "Igbo language use and cultural transmission as dimensions of collective continuity", "Community institutions and the limits of their representative authority", "Historical memory, changing conditions and evidence needed for community-specific action" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual biographies, ancestry records and personal ethnicity profiles", "Igbo grammar, dictionaries and language classification as standalone language models", "Nigerian administrative territories, citizenship and state government", "Biafra as a historical polity and particular political organisations", "Standalone models of religions, festivals, artworks and cultural objects", "Individual businesses, apprenticeship contracts and financial transactions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check that the referent is a people or community identity: an Igbo-language resource alone identifies a language subject, not the collective.", "Distinguish Igbo identification from residence in southeastern Nigeria; geographical overlap is insufficient to equate a region's inhabitants with one people.", "Distinguish a named town, lineage or association from Igbo people collectively; record the relationship without extending its decisions to everyone.", "Do not equate Igbo identity with Nigerian citizenship, Biafran identification or membership in a political movement; require separate evidence for each relationship.", "Treat language proficiency as a recorded dimension rather than an authenticity test; research identifies generational complexity in Igbo language and identity. [Research record](https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/23943/)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Basis of Igbo identification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Self-described, community-attributed, externally classified, contested, unspecified; record speaker and date", "why_it_matters": "Separates people's own descriptions from classifications imposed by observers." }, { "name": "Community reference scale", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Collective, named regional community, town or village, lineage, diaspora network, association", "why_it_matters": "Prevents evidence about one community from becoming a claim about all Igbo people." }, { "name": "Place attachment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Community-to-place relationship: ancestral connection, residence, migration origin, destination or return; dated and attributed", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes belonging, settlement and mobility without turning cultural geography into jurisdiction." }, { "name": "Language transmission", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage reporting specified use or learning of a named Igbo variety, with age cohort, denominator, location, date and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports targeted language assistance without assuming a uniform collective language condition." }, { "name": "Representative mandate", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Institution-to-constituency mandate, including subject, selection basis, duration and disputes", "why_it_matters": "Establishes who may be consulted or speak for a particular community and purpose." }, { "name": "Practice transmission condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Locally described as continuing, changing, interrupted, being revived, contested or unknown; practice and date required", "why_it_matters": "Makes cultural continuity assessable without assigning one condition to Igbo culture as a whole." }, { "name": "Population estimate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons or estimated range, with identification rule, territory, reference year and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Prevents incompatible ethnicity, residence and language counts from being combined." }, { "name": "Evidence applicability", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named community, region, diaspora setting or explicitly supported collective scope; historical or contemporary", "why_it_matters": "Limits each claim to the people, place and period its evidence can support." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a reference to Igbo people while preserving narrower community identities and contested boundaries.", "Compare dated community evidence to identify changes in language transmission, participation or cultural access.", "Locate appropriate community interlocutors and verify their mandate for a proposed consultation.", "Prepare locally appropriate language or heritage-support options from expressed community priorities.", "Identify unsupported generalisations, incompatible population estimates and disputed identity classifications.", "Record permission and attribution conditions before reusing community testimony or cultural materials." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "britannica-igbo", "title": "Igbo", "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Igbo", "what_it_supports": "Core homeland, language family placement, decentralised political tradition, and the main ethnographic outline used in the definition.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "wikipedia-igbo-people", "title": "Igbo people", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_people", "what_it_supports": "Subgroup geography, autonym Ndi Igbo, population-order of magnitude, and the live identity disputes (Ikwerre, Anioma, Biafra).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "afigbo-ropes-of-sand", "title": "Ropes of Sand: Studies in Igbo History and Culture", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Specialist account of Igbo historical organisation, Aro networks, and why a single-kingdom model is the wrong frame." }, { "id": "isichei-history", "title": "A History of the Igbo People", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Documented political history, civil-war experience, and the distinction between village-level Igbo society and later pan-Igbo nationality." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "igbo-belonging-and-boundaries", "name": "Igbo belonging and boundaries", "description": "How the collective and its constituent communities are identified without imposing a universal membership test.", "rationale": "Recognition requires distinguishing self-description, local belonging and external classification.", "layers": [ { "id": "names-and-identification", "name": "Names and identification", "description": "Names used for Igbo people and the contexts in which they identify the collective.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-collective-names", "name": "Attributed collective names", "description": "Record preferred names, encountered historical spellings and their speakers, periods and referents.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the relevant speakers use Igbo, Ndi Igbo or an encountered historical spelling, and what collective does each expression denote?", "kind": "definition", "id": "attributed-collective-names-q01" }, { "text": "Which community testimony or historical source establishes the usage, and for what period?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-collective-names-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "overlapping-and-disputed-belonging", "name": "Overlapping and disputed belonging", "description": "Relationships between Igbo identification and local, linguistic or other collective identities.", "findings": [ { "id": "community-specific-identity-boundaries", "name": "Community-specific identity boundaries", "description": "Preserve multiple identifications and disagreements without deciding belonging from language, surname or geography.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the named community describe its relationship to Igbo people as constituent, overlapping, distinct or contested?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "community-specific-identity-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "Whose accounts support each position, and are disagreements internal, external or both?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "community-specific-identity-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "igbo-places-and-diaspora", "name": "Igbo places and diaspora", "description": "Community attachments to places, migration relationships and the limits of population evidence.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish ancestral attachment, current residence and cultural geography when interpreting Igbo presence.", "layers": [ { "id": "homeland-and-local-attachments", "name": "Homeland and local attachments", "description": "Situated meanings of Igboland and named community connections.", "findings": [ { "id": "cultural-geography-without-jurisdiction", "name": "Cultural geography without jurisdiction", "description": "Record attributed descriptions of Igboland alongside specific town or village attachments without treating them as administrative borders.", "questions": [ { "text": "What places does the source include under Igboland, and is that description cultural, historical, linguistic or political?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cultural-geography-without-jurisdiction-q01" }, { "text": "Which evidence establishes a community's attachment to a named place, and what kind of attachment is claimed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cultural-geography-without-jurisdiction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mobility-and-population", "name": "Mobility and population", "description": "Igbo communities away from ancestral places and the methods used to describe their size and connections.", "findings": [ { "id": "diaspora-presence-and-continuity", "name": "Diaspora presence and continuity", "description": "Distinguish domestic migration, international diaspora, descendants and association membership in population and connection claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does a reported population count self-identified Igbo people, Igbo speakers, ancestry responses or association members, and for which place and year?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diaspora-presence-and-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "Which evidenced relationships connect this diaspora community to particular Igbo hometowns or other diaspora communities?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "diaspora-presence-and-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "igbo-language-and-cultural-transmission", "name": "Igbo language and cultural transmission", "description": "Community-specific transmission of language, knowledge and practices across generations.", "rationale": "An agent needs to locate particular transmission needs without defining Igbo authenticity through proficiency or observance.", "layers": [ { "id": "language-repertoires-and-learning", "name": "Language repertoires and learning", "description": "Use of named Igbo varieties, standard forms and other languages in particular settings.", "findings": [ { "id": "intergenerational-igbo-use", "name": "Intergenerational Igbo use", "description": "Record speaking, understanding, literacy and learning separately for the community and cohort concerned.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which named Igbo varieties or standard forms do community members use at home, in education and in community activities?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intergenerational-igbo-use-q01" }, { "text": "What dated evidence measures transmission between generations, distinguishing comprehension, speech and literacy?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "intergenerational-igbo-use-q02" }, { "text": "Which language-learning support do participants request, and in which variety and format?", "kind": "action", "id": "intergenerational-igbo-use-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "practices-and-knowledge-custodians", "name": "Practices and knowledge custodians", "description": "Local meanings, transmission and access conditions for practices described as Igbo.", "findings": [ { "id": "situated-cultural-practice", "name": "Situated cultural practice", "description": "Investigate locally named practices, including any described as New Yam observances or kola-nut protocols, without assuming universal participation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the named practice mean in this community, who participates, and what variations or objections are recorded?", "kind": "definition", "id": "situated-cultural-practice-q01" }, { "text": "Who may explain, document or authorise reuse of the relevant knowledge, performance or imagery?", "kind": "action", "id": "situated-cultural-practice-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "igbo-institutions-and-representation", "name": "Igbo institutions and representation", "description": "The institutions through which particular Igbo communities organise participation and authorise collective action.", "rationale": "Consultation and action require evidence of a specific mandate rather than an assumed spokesperson for all Igbo people.", "layers": [ { "id": "local-institutional-roles", "name": "Local institutional roles", "description": "Community-specific responsibilities of kinship bodies, assemblies, titled offices and associations where present.", "findings": [ { "id": "institutional-authority-in-context", "name": "Institutional authority in context", "description": "Establish the local roles of institutions described as town unions, age grades, umuada, councils or titled offices before relying on them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which of these institutions exist in the named community, and what responsibilities do participants recognise?", "kind": "definition", "id": "institutional-authority-in-context-q01" }, { "text": "Where do their mandates overlap or differ, and whose participation or dissent might a consultation miss?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "institutional-authority-in-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "collective-speaking-and-coordination", "name": "Collective speaking and coordination", "description": "Representation across communities and through umbrella or diaspora organisations.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-representative-mandate", "name": "Bounded representative mandate", "description": "Treat statements by organisations invoking Igbo identity as attributed positions with a verifiable constituency.", "questions": [ { "text": "For which constituents, subjects and period does the organisation claim a mandate, and what evidence supports that claim?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-representative-mandate-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional community interlocutors are needed before presenting a proposal as collectively supported?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-representative-mandate-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "igbo-memory-and-present-conditions", "name": "Igbo memory and present conditions", "description": "Historical accounts, contemporary community conditions and the evidence needed to respond appropriately.", "rationale": "The model must support dated assessments while keeping historical experience separate from assumptions about present political beliefs.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical-memory-and-political-boundaries", "name": "Historical memory and political boundaries", "description": "Attribution and interpretation of origin narratives, colonial experiences and memories associated with Biafra and the Nigerian Civil War.", "findings": [ { "id": "memory-without-political-presumption", "name": "Memory without political presumption", "description": "Record community accounts and historical interpretations separately from current organisational positions or individual allegiances.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which narrator, archive or study supports this historical account, and which community and generation does it concern?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "memory-without-political-presumption-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence concern remembrance, historical participation or an explicitly stated present political position?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "memory-without-political-presumption-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "community-priorities-and-response", "name": "Community priorities and response", "description": "Evidence of locally expressed needs, participation barriers and appropriate responses.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-conditions-and-requested-action", "name": "Dated conditions and requested action", "description": "Record specific reports concerning cultural access, exclusion, displacement or community participation without assigning a single welfare state to Igbo people.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated and geographically scoped evidence establishes the reported condition, including the affected population and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-conditions-and-requested-action-q01" }, { "text": "What response do affected participants request, who can authorise it, and what evidence would show that it helped?", "kind": "action", "id": "dated-conditions-and-requested-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Northern / Nsukka-Enugu Igbo", "Central / Owerri Igbo", "Onitsha and other riverine Niger Igbo", "Ngwa and other southern Igbo", "Anioma / Western Igbo (Ika, Enuani, Ukwuani, west of the Niger)", "Eastern / Cross River Igbo (Afikpo, Abakaliki and related groups)", "Aro (Arochukwu and the historical Aro trading and ritual diaspora)", "Ikwerre and some other Rivers communities (widely classed as Igbo by language and kinship, often asserted as a separate ethnicity in local politics)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q244157", "note": "Item for Igbo people as an ethnic group (distinct from the language item)." }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "ibo", "note": "Code for the Igbo language, the usual linguistic identifier attached to the people." }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "ig", "note": "Two-letter code for Igbo." }, { "scheme": "Glottolog", "value_or_pattern": "igbo1258", "note": "Languoid identifier for Igbo; Igboid relatives have separate Glottocodes." }, { "scheme": "Autonym", "value_or_pattern": "Ndi Igbo / Ṇ́dị́ Ìgbò", "note": "Self-name; colonial and older English sources often write Ibo." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended): citizenship, federal character, and indigene/settler politics that govern how Igbo identity is used in public law.", "Land Use Act (Cap L5, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004): overlays customary landholding in Igbo communities with statutory trusteeship in the state governor.", "Customary-court and traditional-rulers/chieftaincy laws of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo: recognise village custom, Eze/Igwe stools and title systems under state law.", "Official Igbo orthography (Onwu Committee, 1961) and later standardisation work by the Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture (SPILC) and Nigerian language-education authorities: govern written Igbo in schools and public text.", "African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, domesticated in Nigeria: the regional human-rights frame invoked in disputes over group rights, discrimination (including osu) and security-force conduct." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Everyday ethnic and hometown identity in southeastern Nigeria: village assemblies (ama-ala), age grades, dual-sex offices and Ozo/Nze title-taking.", "Kinship, marriage, burial and land claims under Igbo customary law, including umunna (patrilineage) membership as the practical unit of belonging.", "Commercial life centred on Onitsha, Aba and related market systems, and a large trading diaspora across West Africa, Europe and North America.", "Church membership (especially Catholic, Anglican and Pentecostal) as the majority public religion, with Odinani practice continuing alongside or underneath it.", "Nigerian electoral and federal-character politics, including debates over an \"Igbo presidency\" and over who counts as Igbo in Delta and Rivers.", "Separatist and memorial politics around Biafra (historical republic 1967-1970; later IPOB and related movements) as a political nationality that overlaps but is not identical with Igbo ethnicity.", "Cultural production: Igbo-language media, highlife, and a large share of Nollywood personnel and audiences." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Population (ethnic Igbo, all countries)", "typical_range": "about 30-45 million; commonly cited, not from an official ethnic census", "unit": "people" }, { "quantity": "First-language Igbo speakers", "typical_range": "about 25-40 million, depending on whether closely related Igboid lects are counted in", "unit": "speakers" }, { "quantity": "Core majority-Igbo states in Nigeria", "typical_range": "5 (Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo), plus substantial communities in Delta and Rivers", "unit": "federated states" }, { "quantity": "Nigerian Civil War excess deaths (Igboland-centred, 1967-1970)", "typical_range": "order of 500,000-2,000,000; estimates remain contested", "unit": "deaths" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Treating \"Igbo\" as a single precolonial state or as identical with Biafran political nationality, which misreads both history and present politics.", "Indigene/settler and census contests in which numbers and origin stories are weapons, not facts.", "1966 northern massacres and the 1967-1970 war, including famine in the Biafran enclave; later sit-at-home campaigns, IPOB/ESN violence and security-force abuses.", "Osu (and related ohu) caste stigma and some widowhood rites that still produce exclusion and harm where custom is enforced.", "Identity conflict at the edges: classifying Ikwerre, Ika or other neighbours as Igbo - or denying that classification - can trigger local political crisis.", "Language shift and dialect loss, especially in diaspora and among urban youth, while a single standard Igbo fails to cover the spoken continuum." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "West of the Niger (Anioma, Ika, Ukwuani): lects and some kingship forms show stronger historical contact with Benin; some communities emphasise a distinct Anioma identity.", "Nsukka and the northern fringe: lects and institutions show Igala and Igala-ward contact; \"northern Igbo\" is a recognised internal contrast with Owerri/Onitsha speech.", "Rivers State (Ikwerre and others): Igboid language and many kinship forms, but a strong local insistence on non-Igbo ethnicity in state politics.", "Cross River/Ebonyi east: Afikpo, Abakaliki and related groups share some institutions (including secret-society forms) with non-Igbo Cross River neighbours.", "Orthography and English naming: Igbo is the preferred form; Ibo remains in older law, mission and colonial records.", "Homeland vs diaspora: abroad, pan-Igbo identity often overshadows the village and clan identities that still organise life at home." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Yoruba people", "difference": "Yoruboid vs Igboid branches of Volta-Niger; historically large kingdoms (Oyo, Ife, etc.) versus Igbo village republics; distinct ritual systems (òrìṣà vs alusi/Odinani). Language, not dress or Christianity, is the clean test." }, { "name": "Ibibio and Efik", "difference": "Cross River languages, not Igboid; different homeland east of the Cross River. Shared border institutions (including some secret societies among eastern Igbo) do not make the languages or ethnic labels the same." }, { "name": "Ijaw (Ijo)", "difference": "Ijoid language family and delta creek ecology versus Igbo forest-farm and inland-market ecology. Overlap is in Niger Delta politics, not in language or kinship." }, { "name": "Igala", "difference": "Related Volta-Niger language but a historically centralised kingdom north of Nsukka; contact and loanwords at the Igbo northern edge do not collapse the two peoples." }, { "name": "Edo (Bini)", "difference": "Edoid language and the Kingdom of Benin; western Igbo/Onitsha kingship shows Benin influence, but Igbo speech and village-title organisation remain the separator." }, { "name": "Biafran (political nationality)", "difference": "A 1967-1970 secessionist state and later separatist claim that was Igbo-centred but also included minorities in the former Eastern Region. Ethnicity is kinship-and-language membership; Biafra is a political project." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Igbo people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which community-authored sources adequately describe disputed or overlapping Igbo identifications, and how should incompatible accounts remain visible?", "Which population estimates use explicit and comparable identification criteria across Nigeria and diaspora settings?", "What recent evidence establishes intergenerational transmission for particular Igbo varieties and communities without unsupported language-loss forecasts?", "How do representative mandates differ among local institutions, town unions, diaspora associations and umbrella organisations, including the participation of less-heard members?", "Which practices and historical materials have locally specified access or reuse conditions, and which custodians can establish those conditions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Igbo people, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise references to Igbo people, assess evidence about particular Igbo communities and their continuity, and choose appropriately scoped research, consultation and cultural-support actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Ohaozara people, Afikpo.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Igbo people, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Ohaozara people", "Afikpo" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Igbo people from another, and a Igbo people from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Igbo people sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Igbo people from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Igbo people is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Igbo people is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Igbo people moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Igbo people passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Igbo people between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Igbo people, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Igbo people is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Igbo people.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Igbo people and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Igbo people, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Igbo people and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Igbo people sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as Igbo people.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does Igbo people require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses Igbo people, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What Igbo people actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define Igbo people, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as Igbo people, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Igbo people came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Igbo people and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Igbo people is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Igbo people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Igbo people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Igbo people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }