cystography

Bladder-directed imaging identity

Record the intended bladder assessment and imaging mechanism rather than inferring cystography from anatomical coverage alone.

1. What bladder-focused imaging procedure does the term cystography denote in this record? definition
2. What distinguishes this examination from cystoscopy, general pelvic imaging, or urography? boundary

Voiding study specificity

A fluoroscopic VCUG evaluates the contrast-filled bladder and urinary tract during filling and emptying; its voiding component must be explicit. [RadiologyInfo: Pediatric VCUG](https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto)

1. Which named cystography variant was requested and which was actually performed? definition
2. Was voiding and urethral visualization intended, completed, or outside this examination's scope? boundary

Explicit diagnostic target

Record the target as a question to be resolved, with its referral context, rather than treating an indication as an established diagnosis.

1. Is the examination intended to assess leakage, healing, reflux, or another specified bladder abnormality? definition
2. Which referral, prior examination, operation, or injury record establishes this question? provenance

Dedicated bladder-trauma technique

For suspected bladder injury, passive filling from excreted intravenous contrast does not replace adequately performed retrograde cystography. [EAU: Urological Trauma](https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urological-trauma/chapter/urogenital-trauma-guidelines)

1. Does the documented filling route and acquisition technique meet the applicable requirements for this clinical question? boundary
2. What clinician review is needed if the requested technique cannot answer the referral question? action

Documented filling conditions

The proposed model records agent, dilution, access route, instilled volume, and stopping reason so a reviewer can assess filling conditions.

1. What contrast preparation and route were used, and where is their administration documented? provenance
2. What volume was instilled, what endpoint was reached, and did discomfort, leakage, or another event stop filling? measurement

Observable bladder states

Record required versus completed phases and views, including whether motion, incomplete filling, or inability to void limited the intended assessment.

1. Which filling, filled-bladder, voiding, and drainage-related phases were required and acquired? measurement
2. Which missing phase, view, or anatomical coverage limits the conclusion that can be drawn? boundary

Access review

Record existing or proposed access and the responsible clinician's assessment of relevant urethral injury, infection, or recent reconstruction concerns.

1. What urinary access is available or proposed, and what documented concerns could affect its use? provenance
2. Who must resolve an access concern before catheter placement or bladder filling proceeds? action

Procedure-specific safety record

The proposed record includes relevant contrast-reaction history, pregnancy assessment where applicable, radiation quantities, symptoms, and reasons for interruption.

1. Which contrast and radiation checks were required by the selected protocol, and where were they recorded? provenance
2. Did pain, catheter difficulty, a suspected reaction, or another event require stopping or escalating the examination? action

Leak and reflux localization

Record suspected extravasation separately from reflux into the ureters, with location, side, phase, and interpreter confidence where applicable.

1. What images and phases support each reported leak, reflux event, or bladder contour abnormality? provenance
2. What location, distribution, laterality, or explicitly named classification did the interpreter assign? measurement

Qualified result handoff

Preserve the distinction between an adequate negative assessment and an unresolved question, and record report verification and any required communication.

1. Does the examination support a negative conclusion for the referral target, or does a stated limitation leave it unresolved? boundary
2. Who verified the report, and what result or limitation requires communication to the responsible clinical team? action

Check these first

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these check these first hold for the sense of cystography this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Kinds and varieties

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of cystography this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of cystography this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of cystography this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of cystography this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of cystography this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance