{ "model": { "rank": 12511, "code": "thing-q2465832", "model_id": "vr.tr.branch-of-science", "name": "branch of science", "purpose": "Let an agent explain branches of science, relay classification schemes, relationships and emerging interdisciplinary fields from philosophy of science and classification sources with debates attributed, describe the named branch families, and distinguish branches of science from academic departments, professions, schools of thought and pseudoscience.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q2465832/", "tier": 2, "score": 39, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "branch of materials science", "branch of chemistry", "branch of cartography", "branch of legal science", "branch of biology", "branch of physics", "branch of biotechnology", "language subsystem", "branch of paleontology", "branch of genetics", "branch of mechanics" ], "aliasCount": 11, "merged": 11, "knownIn": 39, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q2465832", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465832", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T23:23:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q2465832", "registryId": "vr.tr.branch-of-science", "name": "branch of science", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2465832/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.branch-of-science", "name": "branch of science", "purpose": "Let an agent explain branches of science, relay classification schemes, relationships and emerging interdisciplinary fields from philosophy of science and classification sources with debates attributed, describe the named branch families, and distinguish branches of science from academic departments, professions, schools of thought and pseudoscience.", "definition": "A subdivision of scientific knowledge and research defined by its subject matter, methods or community, such as the natural sciences of physics, chemistry and biology, the formal sciences of mathematics and logic, the social sciences, and applied sciences such as engineering and medicine, each with further branches the registry aliases name, including branches of materials science, chemistry, cartography, legal science, biology and physics; classification schemes such as the OECD Fields of Science and Technology and library systems organise branches, and boundaries and whether some fields count as sciences are debated, with positions attributed.", "what_it_is_for": "Organising scientific knowledge.", "affordances": [ "explain classification schemes", "relay relationships among branches", "describe named branch families", "present boundary debates with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Hierarchical subdivisions", "Methodological identity", "Overlapping boundaries", "Evolving over time" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; classification trees, curricula and journal categories.", "visual_identification": [ "Subdivision of scientific knowledge", "Branch of materials science, branch of chemistry, branch of cartography, branch of legal science, branch of biology, branch of physics", "Departments are administrative units; professions are occupations; schools of thought share views; pseudoscience lacks scientific method" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "OECD Fields of Science and Technology", "typical_range": "revised 2007", "unit": "note", "note": "Frascati Manual" }, { "quantity": "main groups", "typical_range": "natural, formal, social, applied", "unit": "list", "note": "common scheme" }, { "quantity": "registry parent", "typical_range": "field of study", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "natural sciences", "formal sciences", "social sciences", "applied sciences", "interdisciplinary fields" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "field of study", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is classified by", "target": "Fields of Science and Technology", "why": "" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "branch of physics", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "pseudoscience", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "OECD Frascati Manual", "UNESCO ISCED fields of education" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Presenting one classification as universal", "Partisan boundary disputes", "Treating legal science as uncontroversially a science" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a branch of science is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a branch of science, and how does it differ from departments, professions, schools of thought and pseudoscience?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about classification, study choices or the philosophy of science?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "families", "name": "Families", "description": "Named branch families.", "findings": [ { "id": "families-finding", "name": "Families", "description": "Families.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are branches of materials science, chemistry, cartography, legal science, biology and physics?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific branch?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification", "description": "Schemes.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "oecd", "name": "OECD", "description": "Frascati fields.", "findings": [ { "id": "oecd-finding", "name": "OECD", "description": "OECD.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the OECD Frascati Manual classify fields of science?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "library", "name": "Library", "description": "Library classifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "library-finding", "name": "Library", "description": "Library.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Dewey and Library of Congress classifications arrange sciences?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "philosophy", "name": "Philosophy", "description": "Boundaries.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "demarcation", "name": "Demarcation", "description": "Demarcation problem.", "findings": [ { "id": "demarcation-finding", "name": "Demarcation", "description": "Demarcation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do philosophers such as Popper and Kuhn say about what counts as science, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits demarcation problem?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "unity", "name": "Unity of science", "description": "Unity and reduction.", "findings": [ { "id": "unity-finding", "name": "Unity of science", "description": "Unity of science.", "questions": [ { "text": "What debates exist about reducing branches to physics, with views attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Change.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "interdisciplinary", "name": "Interdisciplinary", "description": "New fields.", "findings": [ { "id": "interdisciplinary-finding", "name": "Interdisciplinary", "description": "Interdisciplinary.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do interdisciplinary fields such as bioinformatics emerge?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits interdisciplinarity?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did natural philosophy split into modern branches?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits natural philosophy?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should branch-of-X aliases be expanded into separate entries?", "How should classification schemes be linked?", "How should the status of legal science and cartography be presented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a branch of science, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain branches of science, relay classification schemes, relationships and emerging interdisciplinary fields from philosophy of science and classification sources with debates attributed, describe the named branch families, and distinguish branches of science from academic departments, professions, schools of thought and pseudoscience.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: branch of materials science, branch of chemistry, branch of cartography, branch of legal science, branch of biology, branch of physics, branch of biotechnology, language subsystem, branch of paleontology, branch of genetics, branch of mechanics.", "11 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 39 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a branch of science, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "branch of materials science", "branch of chemistry", "branch of cartography", "branch of legal science", "branch of biology", "branch of physics", "branch of biotechnology", "language subsystem", "branch of paleontology", "branch of genetics", "branch of mechanics" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 39 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 11 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one branch of science from another, and a branch of science from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a branch of science sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a branch of science from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a branch of science passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a branch of science between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a branch of science, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a branch of science is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a branch of science says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a branch of science contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a branch of science and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What branch of science studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does branch of science take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does branch of science establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where branch of science is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark branch of science as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place branch of science, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a branch of science came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a branch of science and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a branch of science is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a branch of science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a branch of science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a branch of science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }