{ "model": { "rank": 5459, "code": "thing-q25397", "model_id": "vr.tr.manis", "name": "Manis", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify records referring to Manis, distinguish taxonomic knowledge from individual and population observations, and assess evidence needed for conservation or care decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q25397/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q25397", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25397", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:25:17Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08845-6872-7401-b4d4-fd007ef2ec81\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Manis\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08845-6887-7022-870a-5912ec1cc4f8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Manis\nRegistry id: vr.tr.manis\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q25397", "registryId": "vr.tr.manis", "name": "Manis", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q25397/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.manis", "name": "Manis", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify records referring to Manis, distinguish taxonomic knowledge from individual and population observations, and assess evidence needed for conservation or care decisions.", "definition": "Manis Linnaeus, 1758 is a genus of Asian pangolins in the family Manidae, comprising toothless mammals with overlapping keratin scales that feed chiefly on ants and termites, although its species membership varies among taxonomic treatments.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.manis in PHY / PHY.LIV, interpreted as the pangolin genus Manis Linnaeus, 1758 within Manidae and Pholidota, with species membership explicitly tied to a taxonomic treatment; this rank and placement are supported by [NCBI Taxonomy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=9973&mode=Info).", "in_scope": [ "Genus identity, authorship, taxonomic treatment and species membership", "Evidence distinguishing Manis from other pangolin genera and superficially similar mammals", "Species-qualified morphology, life stages, sexual dimorphism and feeding ecology", "Native-range evidence, habitat use and geographically bounded populations", "Species-level conservation assessments and evidence supporting management decisions", "Links from observations, specimens and genetic samples to their identified taxon" ], "out_of_scope": [ "A comprehensive model of all pangolins or the order Pholidota", "Independent species models duplicating traits already owned by this genus model", "Individual animals treated as interchangeable with the genus or a population", "Pangolin meat, detached scales and commercial products as commodities", "Detailed veterinary treatment protocols", "Wildlife trafficking organisations and enforcement case management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A record must denote the genus Manis or a member under an explicitly named classification; the common name pangolin alone does not establish membership.", "An older scientific combination containing Manis requires reconciliation against the selected treatment before it is accepted as current genus membership.", "Identification must combine pangolin morphology with genus-discriminating evidence; scales or ant-eating behaviour alone do not distinguish Manis from other pangolins.", "A species binomial, a local population and a photographed animal must retain distinct identities even when all are linked to Manis.", "Asian locality can support an identification hypothesis but cannot establish genus membership or native origin for a traded or captive animal." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Genus; Manis Linnaeus, 1758; treatment and version required", "why_it_matters": "Prevents species-level facts and historical classifications from silently redefining the registered thing." }, { "name": "Taxonomy cross-reference", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "NCBI Taxonomy 9973; GBIF taxon identifier with dataset and retrieval date", "why_it_matters": "Supports reconciliation across sequence, occurrence and catalogue records without assuming identical circumscriptions." }, { "name": "Species assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted binomial and authority under a cited treatment; unresolved; disputed", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether species-specific range, measurements and assessments can be applied." }, { "name": "Identification evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Diagnostic examination; photographs; genetic evidence; label only; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates demonstrable identification from an inherited name." }, { "name": "Body dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass in kg; head-body and tail lengths in mm; species, sex, life stage and method required", "why_it_matters": "Makes comparisons interpretable without inventing a genus-wide normal size." }, { "name": "Developmental and reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dependent young; juvenile; adult; unknown; sex and reproductive condition recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of dimorphism, dependency and individual care needs." }, { "name": "Habitat and refuge use", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Species or population linked to habitat, burrow or tree refuge, observation method and season", "why_it_matters": "Avoids assigning one member species' habitat requirements to the whole genus." }, { "name": "Occurrence origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Native wild; introduced; translocated; captive; seizure locality only; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents confiscation and collection locations from becoming false native-range evidence." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Assessed taxon, IUCN category, assessment year, geographic scope and source", "why_it_matters": "Keeps dated species assessments separate from population condition and genus identity." } ], "affordances": [ "Reconcile a Manis name or identifier against a selected taxonomic treatment.", "Assess whether images, specimens or sequences support genus identification and whether species assignment remains unresolved.", "Compare body measurements within appropriate species, sex and life-stage groups.", "Map supported wild occurrences while separating native records from captive and seizure records.", "Retrieve the applicable species assessment and identify evidence missing from a conservation decision.", "Route encounters with live animals to qualified wildlife personnel using species, condition and jurisdiction context." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taxonomic-circumscription", "name": "Taxonomic circumscription", "description": "Establish what Manis includes under the classification used by this model.", "rationale": "Historical combinations and changing species limits can make apparently matching pangolin records refer to different taxon concepts.", "layers": [ { "id": "genus-name-and-authority", "name": "Genus name and authority", "description": "Anchor the registered name to a documented zoological genus.", "findings": [ { "id": "manis-name-anchor", "name": "Manis name anchor", "description": "Record Manis Linnaeus, 1758 at genus rank and separate nomenclatural authority from the authority selecting its present membership.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic treatment establishes the genus concept adopted for vr.tr.manis?", "kind": "definition", "id": "manis-name-anchor-q01" }, { "text": "Which nomenclatural source supports the authorship, date and type species?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "manis-name-anchor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "species-membership-and-crosswalks", "name": "Species membership and crosswalks", "description": "Resolve accepted members, alternative combinations and database mappings.", "findings": [ { "id": "versioned-member-list", "name": "Versioned member list", "description": "Maintain accepted species binomials and authorities under a dated treatment, preserving disagreements rather than forcing a fixed species count.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species does the selected treatment include in Manis, and which proposed splits remain disputed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "versioned-member-list-q01" }, { "text": "Do the NCBI and GBIF records describe the same circumscription, and which identifiers or historical combinations require qualification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "versioned-member-list-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recognition-and-identification", "name": "Recognition and identification", "description": "Specify the evidence needed to recognise Manis without confusing general pangolin traits with genus diagnostics.", "rationale": "A scaled mammal, a common-name label or an isolated scale may support different levels of identification.", "layers": [ { "id": "comparative-morphology", "name": "Comparative morphology", "description": "Evaluate characters against other pangolin genera and other ant-eating mammals.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-combination", "name": "Diagnostic character combination", "description": "Research the diagnostic value of scale arrangement, interscale hair, external ears, claws and tail proportions under the adopted classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observable character combination distinguishes Manis from Phataginus and Smutsia in the selected identification key?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-character-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which characters vary with species, age, damage or image angle enough to prevent confident assignment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-character-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "specimen-and-sequence-evidence", "name": "Specimen and sequence evidence", "description": "Connect identifications to inspectable material and validated comparisons.", "findings": [ { "id": "identification-resolution", "name": "Identification resolution", "description": "Retain voucher, image or sequence provenance and report only the taxonomic resolution supported by that evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which voucher, photographs or reference sequences support this Manis identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identification-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "When should a damaged specimen, detached scale or ambiguous sequence remain identified only as pangolin or Manis sp.?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identification-resolution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-history-and-condition", "name": "Life history and condition", "description": "Organise species-qualified evidence about development, reproduction and feeding requirements.", "rationale": "An individual animal's needs cannot be inferred from genus membership without life-stage and species context.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-sex-and-reproduction", "name": "Growth, sex and reproduction", "description": "Interpret body size and dependency using appropriate biological comparison groups.", "findings": [ { "id": "developmental-comparison", "name": "Developmental comparison", "description": "Record age-class criteria, sexing confidence, reproductive condition and measured dimensions without treating variation as pathology.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evidence distinguishes dependent young, juveniles and adults for the identified Manis species?", "kind": "definition", "id": "developmental-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "How do mass and body proportions vary by sex and life stage, and how were they measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "developmental-comparison-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "feeding-and-functional-condition", "name": "Feeding and functional condition", "description": "Relate feeding ecology and locomotor function to observed individual condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "diet-and-function-evidence", "name": "Diet and function evidence", "description": "Distinguish documented prey use and normal activity from assumptions about all pangolins, and identify observations needing expert interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ant or termite prey and foraging behaviours are documented for this species and population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "diet-and-function-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed feeding, movement or injury concerns require assessment by qualified wildlife personnel?", "kind": "action", "id": "diet-and-function-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-habitat-and-populations", "name": "Range, habitat and populations", "description": "Connect Manis members to supported native occurrences, habitat use and population evidence.", "rationale": "Trade records and uneven detection can distort both apparent distribution and population condition.", "layers": [ { "id": "native-range-and-refuges", "name": "Native range and refuges", "description": "Separate geographic origin from observation location and document species-specific habitat use.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-occurrence", "name": "Qualified occurrence", "description": "Record locality uncertainty, date, wild or captive context and evidence for habitat or refuge use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this locality document a native wild occurrence, a translocation, captivity or only the place of confiscation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-occurrence-q01" }, { "text": "Which habitat, elevation and burrow or tree-refuge associations are supported for the identified species?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-occurrence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-evidence", "name": "Population evidence", "description": "Interpret local abundance and trends with explicit survey limitations.", "findings": [ { "id": "survey-and-trend-confidence", "name": "Survey and trend confidence", "description": "Distinguish individuals, repeated detections, signs and modelled population estimates within a defined area and period.", "questions": [ { "text": "What spatial boundary and time interval define the population being assessed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "survey-and-trend-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "How were repeat detections, uncertain burrow occupancy and detection probability handled in the abundance or trend estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "survey-and-trend-confidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conservation-and-permitted-response", "name": "Conservation and permitted response", "description": "Connect species assessments and local threats to justified responses involving Manis animals or records.", "rationale": "Taxonomic identity, extinction risk, individual welfare and legal permission answer different questions and must be evaluated separately.", "layers": [ { "id": "assessment-and-threat-context", "name": "Assessment and threat context", "description": "Preserve the scope and date of conservation evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-assessment-link", "name": "Species assessment link", "description": "Attach IUCN assessments to their assessed species concept and distinguish global status from local evidence of hunting, trade or habitat change.", "questions": [ { "text": "What IUCN category and assessment year apply to the identified species concept, and has taxonomy changed since assessment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-assessment-link-q01" }, { "text": "Which threats are documented for this population rather than inferred from the genus or seizure totals?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-assessment-link-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "encounter-and-intervention", "name": "Encounter and intervention", "description": "Identify evidence and authority required for observation, handling, sampling or transfer.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-wildlife-response", "name": "Justified wildlife response", "description": "Frame possible responses around identification confidence, individual condition, locality, current rules and qualified expertise.", "questions": [ { "text": "Given the animal's condition and encounter context, should the agent support remote observation, reporting or referral for authorised rescue?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-wildlife-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which current jurisdiction-specific permissions and expert assessments are required before handling, sampling, transfer or release?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-wildlife-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The organism domain supports interpreting Manis as the zoological genus, but no sense was recorded.", "The four species listed reflect a familiar broad treatment; revised generic boundaries and proposed additional species require verification.", "Species-level IUCN categories, assessment years, exact native ranges and database identifiers are omitted because they cannot be supplied confidently from recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)", "Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)", "Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica)", "Philippine pangolin (Manis culionensis)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Manis Linnaeus, 1758", "note": "A genus name and its authorship, not a species binomial or an individual identifier." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The exact key and accepted species membership require checking against the selected taxonomic backbone." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric Taxonomy ID", "note": "No exact identifier is supplied from recall." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, issued by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, governs zoological names and authorship.", "CITES Appendix I controls international trade in Asian pangolins; international commercial trade in wild specimens is generally prohibited." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Taxonomic identification and organisation of biological records.", "Conservation monitoring and habitat protection.", "Wildlife forensic identification of trafficked animals, scales and other material.", "Research on specialised feeding, mammalian scales and adaptation to digging." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Illegal hunting and trafficking for scales and meat threaten populations.", "Habitat loss and fragmentation reduce suitable living and feeding areas.", "Specialised diets and husbandry requirements complicate captive care and rehabilitation.", "Applying one species' conservation assessment to the whole genus misrepresents risk.", "Mixing broad and narrow definitions of Manis can produce inconsistent species lists." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chinese and Indian pangolins occur principally in continental Asia, with different and partly overlapping ranges.", "Sunda pangolins occur in mainland and island Southeast Asia.", "Philippine pangolins are native to the Palawan region of the Philippines." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Manidae", "difference": "The family includes Asian and African pangolin genera; Manis is a genus within it." }, { "name": "Phataginus", "difference": "An African pangolin genus, distinguished from Asian Manis by taxonomic placement and anatomical characters." }, { "name": "Smutsia", "difference": "An African ground-pangolin genus, distinct from Asian Manis." }, { "name": "Manis pentadactyla", "difference": "The Chinese pangolin is a species; Manis is the encompassing genus in the treatment used here." }, { "name": "Pangolin population", "difference": "A population comprises animals of a species in a particular area; a genus is a taxonomic grouping." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Manis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry's original source confirm the genus sense of Manis, and which taxonomic treatment should govern its membership?", "How should recently proposed species, including Manis indoburmanica, be represented where taxonomic authorities disagree?", "Which GBIF dataset and taxon identifier best match the adopted concept, and how do its members compare with NCBI Taxonomy 9973?", "Which validated characters reliably distinguish included species and other pangolin genera across life stages and incomplete specimens?", "What are the latest species-specific IUCN assessments, supported native ranges and major gaps in population, reproductive and habitat evidence?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Manis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify records referring to Manis, distinguish taxonomic knowledge from individual and population observations, and assess evidence needed for conservation or care decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Manis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Manis from another, and a Manis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Manis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Manis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Manis is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Manis and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Manis is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Manis is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Manis is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Manis moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Manis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Manis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Manis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Manis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Manis is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Manis, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Manis from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Manis from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Manis does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Manis pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Manis judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Manis lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Manis, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Manis hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Manis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Manis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Manis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Manis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Manis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Manis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }