{ "model": { "rank": 10764, "code": "thing-q257885", "model_id": "vr.tr.word-order", "name": "word order", "purpose": "Let an agent explain word order and its typology, relay the basic orders, their distribution and correlations from linguistic sources with attribution, describe language-specific patterns such as English, Dutch and Esperanto, and distinguish word order from morphology, information structure and syntax in general.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q257885/", "tier": 2, "score": 44, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "word order in English", "object–subject–verb", "verb–subject–object", "tmesis", "Esperanto word order", "Word order of finite and infinite verb in Dutch", "verb-initial word order", "Czech word order", "subject–object–verb", "Latin word order", "verb–object–subject", "subject–verb–object", "adjective-noun", "noun-adjective", "object–verb–subject" ], "aliasCount": 15, "merged": 15, "knownIn": 44, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q257885", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257885", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:48:29Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q257885", "registryId": "vr.tr.word-order", "name": "word order", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q257885/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.word-order", "name": "word order", "purpose": "Let an agent explain word order and its typology, relay the basic orders, their distribution and correlations from linguistic sources with attribution, describe language-specific patterns such as English, Dutch and Esperanto, and distinguish word order from morphology, information structure and syntax in general.", "definition": "The arrangement of words and constituents in a sentence, studied in linguistic typology by the relative order of subject, verb and object, with English and most European languages using subject-verb-object, many others verb-final or verb-initial, rare verb-subject-object and object-subject-verb orders, constructed languages such as Esperanto allowing free order, and language-specific rules such as the placement of finite and infinite verbs in Dutch; word order also covers phenomena such as tmesis, the splitting of a compound by other words.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a grammatical property.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept and typology", "relay distribution and correlations", "describe specific languages", "distinguish related concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Typological parameter", "Six basic orders", "Correlations with other features", "Language-specific rules" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; the sequence of words in sentences.", "visual_identification": [ "Arrangement of subject, verb and object", "SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS, OVS, OSV; English, Dutch verb placement, Esperanto free order, tmesis", "Morphology concerns word forms; information structure concerns topic and focus; syntax is the whole system" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SOV languages", "typical_range": "about 41", "unit": "percent", "note": "WALS" }, { "quantity": "SVO languages", "typical_range": "about 35", "unit": "percent", "note": "WALS" }, { "quantity": "OSV languages", "typical_range": "very rare, under 1", "unit": "percent", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Greenberg universals", "typical_range": "1963", "unit": "year", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "SOV languages such as Japanese and Turkish", "SVO languages such as English and Mandarin", "VSO languages such as Irish and Classical Arabic", "VOS, OVS and OSV languages", "free and flexible word order languages including Esperanto", "specific phenomena such as Dutch verb placement and tmesis" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "grammatical construction", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is studied in", "target": "linguistic typology", "why": "as a parameter" }, { "relation": "is described by", "target": "Greenberg s linguistic universals", "why": "in correlations" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "morphology", "why": "the form of words" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; WALS and typological databases as reference" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating one order as the norm", "Confusing dominant order with rigid order", "Registry aliases mixing orders, languages and a rhetorical figure" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What word order is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is word order, and how does it differ from morphology, information structure and syntax in general?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about typology, a specific language or a specific phenomenon?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "orders", "name": "Orders", "description": "The basic orders.", "findings": [ { "id": "orders-finding", "name": "Orders", "description": "Orders.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS, OVS and OSV, and how common is each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific order?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "typology", "name": "Typology", "description": "Typology.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "correlations", "name": "Correlations", "description": "Correlations.", "findings": [ { "id": "correlations-finding", "name": "Correlations", "description": "Correlations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does basic order correlate with adpositions, adjectives and other features, as Greenberg and later typologists describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flexibility", "name": "Flexibility", "description": "Flexibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "flexibility-finding", "name": "Flexibility", "description": "Flexibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do case marking and information structure allow flexible order in languages such as Latin, Russian and Esperanto?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "languages", "name": "Languages", "description": "Specific languages.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "english", "name": "English", "description": "English and Dutch.", "findings": [ { "id": "english-finding", "name": "English", "description": "English.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does word order work in English, and what are the Dutch rules for finite and infinite verbs?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits English grammar?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "phenomena", "name": "Phenomena", "description": "Phenomena.", "findings": [ { "id": "phenomena-finding", "name": "Phenomena", "description": "Phenomena.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is tmesis, and what other word order phenomena such as inversion and scrambling exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits tmesis?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Change and acquisition.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "change", "name": "Change", "description": "Historical change.", "findings": [ { "id": "change-finding", "name": "Change", "description": "Change.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does word order change over time, as in the shift from Old to Modern English?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits syntactic change?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "acquisition", "name": "Acquisition", "description": "Acquisition and processing.", "findings": [ { "id": "acquisition-finding", "name": "Acquisition", "description": "Acquisition.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do children acquire word order, and how does it affect processing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits language acquisition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the six basic orders be separate entries?", "How should typological databases be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific orders, languages and tmesis; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a word order, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain word order and its typology, relay the basic orders, their distribution and correlations from linguistic sources with attribution, describe language-specific patterns such as English, Dutch and Esperanto, and distinguish word order from morphology, information structure and syntax in general.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: word order in English, object–subject–verb, verb–subject–object, tmesis, Esperanto word order, Word order of finite and infinite verb in Dutch, verb-initial word order, Czech word order, subject–object–verb, Latin word order, verb–object–subject, subject–verb–object.", "15 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 44 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a word order, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "word order in English", "object–subject–verb", "verb–subject–object", "tmesis", "Esperanto word order", "Word order of finite and infinite verb in Dutch", "verb-initial word order", "Czech word order", "subject–object–verb", "Latin word order", "verb–object–subject", "subject–verb–object" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 44 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 15 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one word order from another, and a word order from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a word order sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a word order from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a word order passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a word order between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a word order, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a word order is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What word order is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of word order are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is word order operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of word order and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of word order?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as word order?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a word order came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a word order and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a word order is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a word order, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a word order, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a word order is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }