{ "model": { "rank": 6860, "code": "thing-q260747", "model_id": "vr.tr.means-of-production", "name": "means of production", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify what counts as means of production in a stated framework, assess its productive availability and control, and determine which uses or changes are feasible and authorized.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q260747/", "tier": 2, "score": 58, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "productive forces" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 58, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q260747", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260747", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:39:29Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 17.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08889-8650-7e03-85c0-a287e8426c0d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: means of production\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.STA\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08889-8650-7eb2-ad26-a795923aac85\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: means of production\nRegistry id: vr.tr.means-of-production\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.STA\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q260747", "registryId": "vr.tr.means-of-production", "name": "means of production", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q260747/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.means-of-production", "name": "means of production", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify what counts as means of production in a stated framework, assess its productive availability and control, and determine which uses or changes are feasible and authorized.", "definition": "Means of production are the non-human resources used in production, understood in Marxian political economy as the means of labour, such as tools and machinery, together with the objects of labour, such as raw materials.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the concept of means of production and its application to resources within a specified productive process, including contested boundaries, material composition, operational availability, ownership and effective control.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions and competing interpretations of means of production, with their proponents and contexts", "Classification of resources by their role in a specified productive process", "Relationships among instruments of production, objects of labour and supporting productive conditions", "Ownership, possession, access and effective control over productive resources", "Productive availability, dependency, maintenance and replacement requirements", "Operationalisations used to compare productive resource configurations" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Labour-power, workers' capabilities and employment relations as independently modelled subjects", "Complete technical specifications of individual machines, buildings or materials", "Money, securities and financing arrangements except where they affect access to productive resources", "The whole mode of production, including its wider social and institutional organisation", "Consumer goods outside an identified productive use", "Comprehensive theories of class, exploitation or economic value" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Classification requires a specified productive process: owning an object alone does not establish that it functions as a means of production.", "The same object can serve productive and personal consumption roles; its use and assessment period must therefore be recorded.", "A classification must distinguish resources used by labour from labour-power itself, while making any alternative theoretical boundary explicit.", "Cash or a financial claim can enable acquisition of productive resources without itself being the instrument, material or condition used in production.", "Legal ownership does not by itself establish who can operate, exclude others from, redirect or dispose of a productive resource." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Interpretive framework", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named school, author, institutional definition or explicitly stated local definition", "why_it_matters": "Determines which resources and relationships the classification includes." }, { "name": "Reference productive process", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified process, intended output, organisational boundary and assessment period", "why_it_matters": "Makes productive status relative to an observable activity rather than an object's name." }, { "name": "Productive role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Instrument of production; object of labour; supporting condition; disputed inclusion", "why_it_matters": "Separates resources that perform work, resources worked upon and conditions that enable work." }, { "name": "Productive use allocation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage of observed time, capacity or quantity assigned to the reference process, with the denominator stated", "why_it_matters": "Handles shared and mixed personal and productive uses without classifying the whole resource indiscriminately." }, { "name": "Ownership and control configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Actors linked separately to title, access, operation, exclusion, modification and disposal rights", "why_it_matters": "Identifies who can authorize particular actions and where formal and effective control diverge." }, { "name": "Productive availability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Available; idle but usable; constrained; unavailable; under repair; retired; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes membership in a productive resource set from readiness for actual use." }, { "name": "Contribution to productive capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Process-specific output per time interval under stated input, labour and operating assumptions", "why_it_matters": "Supports practical assessment without assuming heterogeneous resources share one physical measure." }, { "name": "Replacement dependence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Required suppliers, replacement inputs, maintenance capabilities, permissions and available substitutes", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether productive use can continue or recover after depletion, failure or loss of access." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate resource under an explicit definition and record contested inclusion.", "Map the resources required for a specified productive process and identify missing complements.", "Identify who can authorize use, maintenance, modification, sharing or disposal.", "Assess how resource failure, depletion or restricted access affects productive capacity.", "Compare ownership and control arrangements without treating them as equivalent.", "Evaluate proposed resource substitutions or access changes against productive requirements and applicable rights." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "conceptual-boundaries", "name": "Conceptual boundaries", "description": "Establishes the interpretation under which resources count as means of production.", "rationale": "An agent cannot classify instances consistently when theoretical boundaries remain implicit.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions-and-proponents", "name": "Definitions and proponents", "description": "Records the chosen definition and substantive alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-commitments", "name": "Definition commitments", "description": "Records whose definition is being applied, its context and its inclusion criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which author, school or institution supplies the working definition, and where is that definition documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "definition-commitments-q01" }, { "text": "Does this definition include instruments, materials, land and supporting infrastructure, and on what basis?", "kind": "definition", "id": "definition-commitments-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-concepts", "name": "Neighbouring concepts", "description": "Separates means of production from related categories without assuming their boundaries coincide.", "findings": [ { "id": "category-separation", "name": "Category separation", "description": "Makes explicit the treatment of labour-power, capital, finance and consumption goods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the selected framework distinguish means of production from labour-power, productive forces and capital?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "category-separation-q01" }, { "text": "What observed use would make a household vehicle, computer or building count partly as a means of production?", "kind": "definition", "id": "category-separation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "productive-resource-composition", "name": "Productive resource composition", "description": "Identifies the resources involved and the roles they play in producing a specified output.", "rationale": "A useful model must connect the concept to a bounded productive process and its actual resource requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "process-relative-membership", "name": "Process-relative membership", "description": "Anchors resource inclusion to productive activities, outputs and time periods.", "findings": [ { "id": "productive-use-evidence", "name": "Productive use evidence", "description": "Records why a resource belongs to the assessed productive configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which productive operation and intended output does this resource support?", "kind": "definition", "id": "productive-use-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What observation or record establishes its actual, reserved or proposed productive use during the assessment period?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "productive-use-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "instruments-materials-and-conditions", "name": "Instruments, materials and conditions", "description": "Distinguishes productive roles and dependencies within the resource set.", "findings": [ { "id": "resource-role-and-complements", "name": "Resource role and complements", "description": "Records how each resource participates and which other resources make it usable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the resource act upon something, become transformed or consumed, or provide a necessary condition for production?", "kind": "definition", "id": "resource-role-and-complements-q01" }, { "text": "Which complementary tools, materials, energy supplies or facilities are required before it can contribute to output?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resource-role-and-complements-q02" }, { "text": "How are shared resources allocated across processes without counting their full capacity more than once?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resource-role-and-complements-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-access-and-control", "name": "Ownership, access and control", "description": "Maps the rights and practical powers governing productive resources.", "rationale": "The ability to possess or use a resource may differ from the authority to direct production or dispose of it.", "layers": [ { "id": "rights-and-access", "name": "Rights and access", "description": "Records the grounds on which actors hold and use productive resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "resource-rights-distribution", "name": "Resource rights distribution", "description": "Separates ownership from permissions granted through leases, licences, membership or other arrangements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who holds title, and who may access, operate, maintain, modify or transfer the productive resource?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resource-rights-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which agreements, rules or documented practices establish those rights and their duration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resource-rights-distribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "effective-productive-control", "name": "Effective productive control", "description": "Identifies who can actually determine resource deployment and continued access.", "findings": [ { "id": "decision-and-exclusion-powers", "name": "Decision and exclusion powers", "description": "Records practical control where it differs from formal ownership or permission.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who can decide what is produced, schedule resource use, exclude users or suspend access in practice?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "decision-and-exclusion-powers-q01" }, { "text": "Whose authorization and practical cooperation are needed to redirect, share or modify the resource?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-and-exclusion-powers-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence shows a difference between formally assigned rights and effective control?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decision-and-exclusion-powers-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "productive-availability-and-renewal", "name": "Productive availability and renewal", "description": "Assesses whether the resource configuration can support production now and over time.", "rationale": "An inventory alone cannot show whether productive resources are usable, sufficient or sustainable to operate.", "layers": [ { "id": "capacity-and-constraints", "name": "Capacity and constraints", "description": "Connects resource condition and access to achievable productive output.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-productive-capacity", "name": "Usable productive capacity", "description": "Records availability and capacity under explicit operating assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What output rate can this resource configuration support under specified labour, input and operating conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-productive-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "Which resource shortage, condition or access restriction currently limits that output?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-productive-capacity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-replacement", "name": "Maintenance and replacement", "description": "Records the requirements for preserving or restoring productive use.", "findings": [ { "id": "continuity-of-resource-provision", "name": "Continuity of resource provision", "description": "Distinguishes replenishment of consumed inputs from maintenance and replacement of reusable resources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which resources are consumed per production cycle, and which require periodic maintenance or eventual replacement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "continuity-of-resource-provision-q01" }, { "text": "What replenishment, repair or substitution is feasible, and who can authorize and perform it?", "kind": "action", "id": "continuity-of-resource-provision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contested-inclusions-and-comparison", "name": "Contested inclusions and comparison", "description": "Handles difficult cases and makes comparisons traceable to explicit classification choices.", "rationale": "Digital resources, service production and aggregate measures can conceal disagreements about what the concept includes.", "layers": [ { "id": "intangible-and-service-resources", "name": "Intangible and service resources", "description": "Examines resources whose productive role or conceptual inclusion requires an explicit argument.", "findings": [ { "id": "disputed-resource-membership", "name": "Disputed resource membership", "description": "Records competing classifications of software, data, knowledge and remotely supplied productive services.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under the selected framework, what makes software, datasets or technical knowledge qualify as means of production?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "disputed-resource-membership-q01" }, { "text": "For rented cloud capacity or platform access, is the classified resource the infrastructure, the access entitlement or both at different analytical levels?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "disputed-resource-membership-q02" }, { "text": "Which sources support the competing classifications, and what disagreement remains unresolved?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "disputed-resource-membership-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation-and-comparability", "name": "Operationalisation and comparability", "description": "Makes empirical proxies and aggregation choices visible.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurement-proxy-fit", "name": "Measurement proxy fit", "description": "Assesses how well inventories, valuations or capacity measures represent the chosen concept.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the assessment use a physical inventory, capacity measure, asset valuation or another proxy, and which included resources does it miss?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measurement-proxy-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which differences in definitions, valuation dates, ownership boundaries or productive use prevent direct comparison between cases?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "measurement-proxy-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The definition follows Marxian usage; no recorded sense establishes whether the registry intends that usage or a broader economic meaning.", "The inclusion and treatment of software, knowledge, intellectual property and organisational resources vary across theoretical accounts.", "There is no single characteristic numerical measure: valuation requires a specified asset boundary, ownership context and accounting method." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of means of production this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Tools and machinery", "Production buildings and infrastructure", "Land and other natural resources used in production", "Raw and intermediate materials" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of means of production this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Analysing ownership and control of productive resources in Marxian political economy.", "Distinguishing capitalist, cooperative, public and other arrangements of production.", "Examining class relations between owners of productive resources and people who sell their labour power.", "Informing debates about nationalisation, privatisation and worker ownership." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of means of production this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Conflating ownership with effective control, although legal owners, managers and workers can exercise different powers.", "Treating every possession as a means of production without establishing its productive use.", "Equating means of production with machinery alone and overlooking materials, land and infrastructure.", "Assuming that a change in legal ownership necessarily changes workplace authority or the distribution of output.", "Applying one theoretical definition universally despite differences between Marxian terminology, economics and accounting." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of means of production this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Property regimes differ across jurisdictions in their recognition and treatment of private, state, cooperative and customary ownership of productive resources." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of means of production this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Means of labour", "difference": "These are the instruments and conditions through which labour acts; means of production additionally include the objects and materials worked upon." }, { "name": "Factors of production", "difference": "This broader economic classification commonly includes labour alongside land and capital; means of production exclude human labour power." }, { "name": "Capital", "difference": "In Marxian analysis, productive resources function as capital within particular social relations; their physical existence alone does not make them capital." }, { "name": "Productive forces", "difference": "Productive forces include human capacities and labour power as well as means of production." }, { "name": "Relations of production", "difference": "These are social relationships governing production, including ownership and control, rather than the productive resources themselves." }, { "name": "Means of subsistence", "difference": "These sustain people through consumption; means of production serve production, although an item's role can change with its use." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of means of production this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which documented definitions should anchor the model, and which disagreements among schools require separate interpretations?", "How should software, data, technical knowledge and intellectual property rights be classified without conflating productive resources with rights over them?", "Where should the boundary fall for shared infrastructure, natural conditions and resources used in household or unpaid production?", "Which empirical measures best represent heterogeneous means of production without equating the concept with accounting assets or financial value?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this concept, requiring this registry entry to link to that model rather than become a separate publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a means of production, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify what counts as means of production in a stated framework, assess its productive availability and control, and determine which uses or changes are feasible and authorized.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: productive forces.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a means of production, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "productive forces" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one means of production from another, and a means of production from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a means of production sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a means of production from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a means of production passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a means of production between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a means of production, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a means of production is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What means of production is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of means of production are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is means of production operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of means of production and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of means of production?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as means of production?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a means of production came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a means of production and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a means of production is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a means of production, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a means of production, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a means of production is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }