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acyltransferases

vr.tr.acyltransferases · thing-q2609152

Let an agent explain acyltransferases and their classification, relay subclasses and examples from enzyme databases, describe roles in metabolism, epigenetics and biosynthesis, and distinguish acyltransferases from acylases and lyases.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.MAT
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Understand What acyltransferases are.

Definition

Definition and subclasses.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is an acyltransferase, and what subclasses exist? definition
  2. Is the enzyme an acyltransferase, an acylase or a lyase? boundary

Mechanism

Mechanisms.

Mechanism

Mechanism.

  1. How do acyltransferases transfer acyl groups from acyl-CoA and other donors? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific enzyme? action
Biology Biological roles.

Metabolism

Metabolism.

Metabolism

Metabolism.

  1. What roles do acyltransferases play in lipid, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the specific pathway? action

Regulation

Protein acetylation and epigenetics.

Regulation

Regulation.

  1. How do histone and protein acetyltransferases regulate gene expression? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance
Apply Applications.

Biosynthesis

Natural products.

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis.

  1. How do polyketide synthases and related acyltransferases build natural products such as lovastatin? provenance
  2. Which entry fits polyketide synthase? action

Drugs

Drug targets.

Drugs

Drugs.

  1. Which acyltransferases are drug targets, with findings attributed? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Nomenclature and history.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature.

  1. How does the EC system organise acyltransferases, and how are new enzymes named? provenance
  2. Which entry fits enzyme nomenclature? action

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How were acyltransferases and acyl-CoA discovered, including Lipmann work on coenzyme A? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of biochemistry? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Physical world and living systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
PHY
Domain
PHY.MAT
Other names and narrower kinds
aminoacyltransferase, Deacetyl-(citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase) S-acetyltransferase, Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase, Lovastatin nonaketide synthase, (R)-citramalate synthase, Phosphate butyryltransferase, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase, 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase, long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase, Phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase, Leucyltransferase, Leucine N-acetyltransferase

What it is Filled

A class of enzymes that transfer acyl groups from a donor such as acyl-CoA to an acceptor molecule, classified as EC 2.3 and including aminoacyltransferases, acetyltransferases such as histone acetyltransferases, lipoyl and octanoyl transferases, polyketide synthases such as lovastatin nonaketide synthase, citramalate synthase and phosphate butyryltransferase; acyltransferases are central to fatty acid and lipid metabolism, protein modification, natural product biosynthesis and gene regulation.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent explain acyltransferases and their classification, relay subclasses and examples from enzyme databases, describe roles in metabolism, epigenetics and biosynthesis, and distinguish acyltransferases from acylases and lyases.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Acyl group transfer
  • Acyl-CoA donors common
  • Subclasses by group transferred
  • Roles in lipids and epigenetics

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Present research findings on these enzymes as proven treatments.
  • Misassign EC classifications or merge distinct enzymes.
  • Give dosing or self-treatment advice based on enzyme activity.

Only with a human decision

  • Using enzyme findings to advise on a patient's treatment.

May

  • Explain acyltransferase classes and their biological roles with EC numbers.
  • Report enzyme data from curated databases with source.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Overstated research claims about enzymes in disease mislead patients.
  • Accurate classification underpins drug development and safety.

Who is affected

  • Researchers
  • Patients awaiting therapies

Owners Filled

Steward

Nobody owns the class; the enzyme nomenclature committee assigns EC numbers.

Master systems

  • Enzyme nomenclature lists

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q106952154 - registry parent class

related

  • transferase, transferring acyl groups - in registry terms
  • EC 2.3 - in the Enzyme Commission system
  • acyl-CoA - as a common donor
  • fatty acid metabolism - among other pathways

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.acyltransferases
  • Wikidata: Q2609152 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2609152)
  • EC number: 2.3.-.-
  • Gene Ontology: GO:0016746 acyltransferase activity

Direct properties required Filled

  • Molecular mass: kDa - Determine mass from the protein sequence or mass spectrometry and specify whether it describes a subunit or an assembled complex.
  • Hydrodynamic radius: nm - Determine effective size in solution using a suitable diffusion measurement under stated solvent conditions.
  • Isoelectric point: pH units - Measure the pH of zero net electrical charge by isoelectric focusing or report a sequence-based estimate.
  • Thermal unfolding midpoint: deg C - Determine the midpoint of an observed unfolding transition using calorimetry or spectroscopy under stated solution conditions.

Recognition required Filled

  • EC 2.3 enzymes transferring acyl groups
  • Acetyltransferases, aminoacyltransferases, polyketide synthases and others
  • Acylases and hydrolases cleave acyl groups; lyases form bonds without transfer
  • Not visible; proteins shown as structural models.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • explain the class and subclasses
  • relay examples and nomenclature
  • describe metabolic and regulatory roles
  • distinguish from related enzymes

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Misclassifying enzymes
  • Outdated nomenclature
  • Confusing acyltransferases with acylases

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • IUBMB enzyme nomenclature
  • Regulation of enzyme inhibitors as drugs

Context of use required Filled

  • Transferring acyl groups in metabolism and biosynthesis.
  • EC 2.3.1 acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl, including acetyltransferases
  • EC 2.3.2 aminoacyltransferases
  • EC 2.3.3 acyl groups converted to alkyl on transfer, such as citramalate synthase
  • histone acetyltransferases
  • polyketide synthases such as lovastatin nonaketide synthase
  • lipoyl and octanoyl transferases
  • phosphate acyltransferases such as phosphate butyryltransferase

Sources Filled

  1. Wikidata item Q2609152: acyltransferases - identity and sense of the item
  2. Wikipedia: Acyltransferase - general description of the item

Open questions

  • Should histone acetyltransferase be a separate primary entry?
  • How should enzyme databases be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific enzymes; should they be split off?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q2609152/spec.json