{ "model": { "rank": 15372, "code": "thing-q2648051", "model_id": "vr.tr.obligation", "name": "obligation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain kinds of obligations and their sources in general terms, help people find official requirements, and avoid giving legal advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q2648051/", "tier": 2, "score": 34, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "duty to rescue", "vaccination requirements for international travel", "guarantee obligation", "Closed shop", "greenhouse gas reduction mandate", "compulsory schooling", "duty of care", "duty to prevent exposure", "recordkeeping requirements", "forcing", "quasi-contract", "transportation duty", "truck system", "peace obligation", "duty of precaution", "impressum obligation", "extraterritorial obligations", "custody", "moral obligation", "Sacramentum", "tax liability", "natural obligation", "obligation to interpret national law in conformity with EU law", "disease notification", "Positive obligations", "human rights obligation", "physical custody", "distributed custody", "legal custody", "obligation to respect", "obligation to protect", "obligation to fulfil" ], "aliasCount": 32, "merged": 32, "knownIn": 34, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.obligation", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q2648051", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2648051", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T14:03:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q2648051", "registryId": "vr.tr.obligation", "name": "obligation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2648051/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.obligation", "name": "obligation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain kinds of obligations and their sources in general terms, help people find official requirements, and avoid giving legal advice.", "definition": "The state of being bound to do or not do something, by law, contract, regulation, moral duty or custom, such as contractual obligations, statutory duties, compulsory schooling, vaccination requirements for international travel, duties to rescue in some legal systems and historical closed-shop arrangements.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding duties and requirements.", "affordances": [ "identify the source of an obligation", "find official requirements such as travel vaccinations", "understand contractual obligations in general terms", "find legal help" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Binding duty", "Has a source", "May carry sanctions", "Varies by jurisdiction" ], "appearance": "Not physical; expressed in laws, contracts, rules and customs.", "visual_identification": [ "Must, shall and required wording", "Contracts and statutes", "Recommendations are not obligations" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "legal and statutory obligations", "contractual obligations", "moral obligations", "travel and health requirements", "educational obligations" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "state", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "responsibility", "why": "concept" }, { "relation": "is created by", "target": "contract or law", "why": "source" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "right", "why": "correlative" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Contract and obligations law", "WHO International Health Regulations for travel vaccination", "Compulsory education law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Missing legal requirements", "Confusing recommendations with obligations", "Agents giving legal advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "source", "name": "Source", "description": "Where it comes from.", "rationale": "Sources differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Legal or contractual.", "findings": [ { "id": "identify-finding", "name": "Identify", "description": "Source of obligation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this obligation legal, contractual, regulatory or moral?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which text creates it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "binding", "name": "Binding", "description": "Must or should.", "findings": [ { "id": "binding-finding", "name": "Binding", "description": "Binding status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a binding requirement or a recommendation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What sanctions apply for non-compliance?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "requirements", "name": "Requirements", "description": "Official rules.", "rationale": "Rules need currency.", "layers": [ { "id": "travel", "name": "Travel", "description": "Travel requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "travel-finding", "name": "Travel", "description": "Travel requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which vaccination or entry requirements apply for this destination, according to official sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are they mandatory or recommended?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "schooling", "name": "Schooling", "description": "Compulsory schooling.", "findings": [ { "id": "schooling-finding", "name": "Schooling", "description": "Compulsory schooling.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the compulsory schooling ages and options here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What rules apply to home education?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contracts", "name": "Contracts", "description": "Contractual duties.", "rationale": "Contracts bind parties.", "layers": [ { "id": "terms", "name": "Terms", "description": "Contract terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Terms", "description": "Contract terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What obligations does this contract create, in general terms?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What happens on breach?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "advice", "name": "Advice", "description": "Limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "advice-finding", "name": "Advice", "description": "Advice limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the user seeking legal advice on their own obligations?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Where can free or regulated legal help be found?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "moral", "name": "Moral", "description": "Ethics and rescue.", "rationale": "Duties vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "rescue", "name": "Rescue", "description": "Duty to rescue.", "findings": [ { "id": "rescue-finding", "name": "Rescue", "description": "Duty to rescue.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the law here require bystanders to help or call for help in an emergency?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is there an emergency now requiring a call to emergency services?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ethics", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Moral obligations.", "findings": [ { "id": "ethics-finding", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Moral obligations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do philosophers analyse moral obligation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which positions exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should obligation types be separate entries?", "How should jurisdiction rules be linked?", "How should travel requirements be kept current?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a obligation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain kinds of obligations and their sources in general terms, help people find official requirements, and avoid giving legal advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: duty to rescue, vaccination requirements for international travel, guarantee obligation, Closed shop, greenhouse gas reduction mandate, compulsory schooling, duty of care, duty to prevent exposure, recordkeeping requirements, forcing, quasi-contract, transportation duty.", "32 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a obligation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "duty to rescue", "vaccination requirements for international travel", "guarantee obligation", "Closed shop", "greenhouse gas reduction mandate", "compulsory schooling", "duty of care", "duty to prevent exposure", "recordkeeping requirements", "forcing", "quasi-contract", "transportation duty" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 32 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one obligation from another, and a obligation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a obligation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a obligation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a obligation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a obligation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a obligation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a obligation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What obligation is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of obligation are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is obligation operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of obligation and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of obligation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as obligation?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a obligation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a obligation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a obligation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a obligation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a obligation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a obligation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }