{ "model": { "rank": 1952, "code": "thing-q267298", "model_id": "vr.tr.battery", "name": "battery", "purpose": "Let an agent identify a battery by chemistry, size and use, relay specifications, safety, charging, transport and recycling rules from manufacturers and regulators, and separate batteries from cells, chargers and fuel cells.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q267298/", "tier": 2, "score": 120, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "power tool battery", "charging case", "vacuum tube battery", "electric bicycle battery", "automotive battery", "grid battery", "heater battery", "Anode battery", "ZAXIA", "primary cell", "lithium-metal battery", "dry cell", "lithium–iron disulfide battery", "zinc–air battery", "lemon battery", "aluminium–air battery", "reserve battery", "mercury battery", "silver oxide battery", "molten salt battery", "lithium–manganese dioxide battery", "water-activated battery", "rechargeable alkaline battery", "silver oxide button cell", "ZEBRA battery", "sodium–sulfur battery", "CR2016 battery", "CR1220 battery", "CR1620 battery", "CR2025", "CR2032 battery", "Second-Life Battery", "Vehicle to Home", "home energy storage system", "Sitras HES", "battery pack", "rechargeable battery", "Sodium–air battery", "lithium–air battery", "lantern battery" ], "aliasCount": 160, "merged": 162, "knownIn": 120, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.battery-group", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q267298", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T19:36:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q267298", "registryId": "vr.tr.battery", "name": "battery", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q267298/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.battery", "name": "battery", "purpose": "Let an agent identify a battery by chemistry, size and use, relay specifications, safety, charging, transport and recycling rules from manufacturers and regulators, and separate batteries from cells, chargers and fuel cells.", "definition": "A device that stores chemical energy and delivers it as electric current through one or more electrochemical cells, either single-use primary cells or rechargeable secondary cells such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion, in sizes from button cells to vehicle packs and grid storage.", "what_it_is_for": "Storing and delivering electrical energy.", "affordances": [ "identify chemistry, format and capacity", "explain how it works and how it ages", "relay safety, charging and transport rules", "relay disposal and recycling requirements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Electrochemical storage, unlike a capacitor", "Primary versus rechargeable", "Chemistry sets voltage, energy density and hazards", "Ageing and state of health change capacity over time" ], "appearance": "A sealed cylinder, prism, pouch or box with two terminals, marked with chemistry, voltage and capacity.", "visual_identification": [ "Markings give chemistry, nominal voltage, capacity and size code", "Rechargeable packs carry charge and safety markings and often a management circuit", "A fuel cell or a capacitor is a different device" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "cell voltage", "typical_range": "1.2-3.7", "unit": "V", "note": "by chemistry" }, { "quantity": "capacity", "typical_range": "milliampere-hours to megawatt-hours", "unit": "Ah or Wh", "note": "from button cells to grid storage" }, { "quantity": "cycle life", "typical_range": "hundreds to thousands", "unit": "cycles", "note": "rechargeable chemistries; depends on use" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "primary cells such as alkaline and lithium", "lead-acid batteries for vehicles and backup", "nickel-based rechargeables", "lithium-ion and lithium polymer packs", "flow and grid-scale batteries", "button and coin cells" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "electric power source", "why": "the category" }, { "relation": "contains", "target": "electrochemical cell", "why": "the unit inside it" }, { "relation": "needs", "target": "battery charger", "why": "for rechargeable types" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "fuel cell", "why": "converts fuel continuously rather than storing charge" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "IEC 60086 size code", "value_or_pattern": "for example LR6 or CR2032", "note": "primary cell sizes" }, { "scheme": "UN number", "value_or_pattern": "UN3480, UN3481, UN3090", "note": "lithium battery transport classes" }, { "scheme": "chemistry and nominal voltage", "value_or_pattern": "markings", "note": "on the label" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60086 and IEC 62133 standards for cells and batteries", "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria section 38.3 and dangerous goods rules for transport", "EU Battery Regulation and national collection and recycling rules", "Product safety marking requirements" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Thermal runaway and fire in lithium batteries", "Leakage and corrosion in old cells", "Swallowing of button cells by children", "Capacity loss with age and misuse", "Improper disposal causing fires in waste streams" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Which battery this is.", "rationale": "Chemistry and size decide everything else.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemistry", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Chemistry and type.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemistry-finding", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Chemistry.", "questions": [ { "text": "What chemistry, voltage and format is the battery, and is it primary or rechargeable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a battery, a single cell, a charger or a fuel cell?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spec", "name": "Specification", "description": "Ratings.", "findings": [ { "id": "spec-finding", "name": "Specification", "description": "Specification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the capacity, current rating and cycle life, and how are they measured?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Where does the manufacturer publish the datasheet?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Charging and life.", "rationale": "Use determines life.", "layers": [ { "id": "charging", "name": "Charging", "description": "Charging.", "findings": [ { "id": "charging-finding", "name": "Charging", "description": "Charging.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should this type be charged, and what does the manufacturer advise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits chargers and management systems?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ageing", "name": "Ageing", "description": "State of health.", "findings": [ { "id": "ageing-finding", "name": "Ageing", "description": "Ageing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does capacity decline with cycles, temperature and storage?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How is state of health assessed?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Hazards and transport.", "rationale": "Batteries can burn.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Fire and leakage.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazards-finding", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Hazards.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes thermal runaway, leakage and swelling, and what precautions do authorities advise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user reporting a fire or an ingestion, which is an emergency to route?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transport", "name": "Transport", "description": "Shipping rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "transport-finding", "name": "Transport", "description": "Transport.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dangerous goods rules apply to shipping and carrying batteries by air, sea and road?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits dangerous goods?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "end", "name": "End of life", "description": "Recycling and regulation.", "rationale": "Batteries are regulated waste.", "layers": [ { "id": "recycling", "name": "Recycling", "description": "Collection and recycling.", "findings": [ { "id": "recycling-finding", "name": "Recycling", "description": "Recycling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How must batteries be collected and recycled under local rules?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits electronic waste?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Regulation and supply.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What regulations govern battery labelling, materials and due diligence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard for battery technology?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each chemistry be a separate entry?", "How should transport rules be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases for chargers and vehicle batteries; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a battery, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent identify a battery by chemistry, size and use, relay specifications, safety, charging, transport and recycling rules from manufacturers and regulators, and separate batteries from cells, chargers and fuel cells.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: power tool battery, charging case, vacuum tube battery, electric bicycle battery, automotive battery, grid battery, heater battery, Anode battery, ZAXIA, primary cell, lithium-metal battery, dry cell.", "162 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 120 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a battery, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "power tool battery", "charging case", "vacuum tube battery", "electric bicycle battery", "automotive battery", "grid battery", "heater battery", "Anode battery", "ZAXIA", "primary cell", "lithium-metal battery", "dry cell" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 120 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 162 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one battery from another, and a battery from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a battery sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a battery from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a battery is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a battery is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a battery is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a battery is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a battery is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a battery is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a battery passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a battery between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a battery, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a battery is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What battery is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does battery perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise battery, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How battery is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does battery have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does battery need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about battery is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about battery hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern battery, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a battery came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a battery and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a battery is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a battery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a battery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a battery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }